Alcohol Biosensor Monitoring for Alcoholic Liver Disease

Average number of drinks per drinking episode per interval (month) of device wear. We analyzed the number of drinks per drinking episode and present the group average per month interval of assessment.

Time frame: continuous for up to 3 months

Population: We analyzed data for all 27 participants. Only 6 participants drank alcohol and their data is shown below. The remaining 21 participants had no alcohol use data to present.

Percent of days drinking per interval of device wear: We analyzed the data by number of drinking episodes per individual per days of device wear and present the mean percent days drinking per assessment interval

Time frame: 3 months

Population: We analyzed all 27 participants but only 6 participants were found to be drinking. Thus only participants who drank (n=6) were analyzed for drinking outcomes. The numbers at follow up assessments are different than initially enrolled due to drop out

Stages of Change Readiness & Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) is a 19-item instrument that measures readiness for change assessing three areas; ambivalence, recognition, and taking steps with change scores assessing the impact of an intervention on these areas. Three subscale scores are produced with total scores ranging 19-95 and higher score indicating greater readiness: * 7 items for recognition of an alcohol problem (scores range from low of 7 to highest of 35) * 4 items for ambivalence (range from low of 4 to highest of 20) * 8 items for taking steps to make a positive change in drinking (range from low of 8 to highest of 40)

Time frame: Scores determined at initiation, 6 weeks and 3 months of participation

Population: numbers at follow up assessments are different than initially enrolled due to drop out

AALD related hospitalizations and ER visits - total count of participants in each arm who experienced these outcomes

Time frame: Counts determined at initiation, 6 weeks and 3 months of participation

Population: Two participants in the EUC arm had died by the 3 month assessment

Qualitative interviews of participants will use a semi-structured script of open-ended stem questions with prompts. The qualitative assessment will cover such topics as patients' perceived need/psychologic barriers (e.g., beliefs in value of ABM in their clinical care and for their relationship with clinicians) and experience with ABM (e.g., wearability, satisfaction, and barriers to monitoring). Transcribed interviews will be thematically coded. The constant comparison method will be used, and subsequent interviews may be modified/informed by findings from previous interviews to explore emerging themes as the analysis proceeds.

Time frame: measured at three months (completion of the participants use of ABM)

Population: Includes 21 participants who completed the study and 2 additional participants who had to withdraw prior to completing the full study but were able to complete the qualitative interview. The purpose of qualitative interviews was to determine themes across both groups not between groups. We assigned qualitative data its own separate purpose within the larger project. We did not plan to quantitatively analyze the qualitative data.

Alcohol Abstinence Self-efficacy (AASE) evaluates confidence in ability to abstain from drinking in situations that represent typical drinking cues. Four subscales with 5 specific situations each are rated on confidence not to drink in each situations on a 5-point Likert scale from 1=not at all confident to 5=extremely confident. Total scores range from 20-100 with higher scores reflecting greater self confidence not to drink. * negative affect situations (range from low confidence of 5 to highest confidence of 25) * social/positive situations (range from low confidence of 5 to highest confidence of 25) * physical and other concerns situations (range from low confidence of 5 to highest confidence of 25) * cravings and urges situations (range from low confidence of 5 to highest confidence of 25)

Time frame: Scores determined at initiation, 6 weeks and 3 months of participation

Population: numbers at follow up assessments are different than initially enrolled due to drop out