Adolescent Substance Use
Conditions
Brief summary
The current proposal is aimed at developing a substance use cessation app (Rewire) for high risk adolescents who are involved in the juvenile justice system. The Rewire app will be based on the primary substance use cessation components tested in our previous work with juvenile justice-involved adolescents and on intervention components shown to be central to smoking cessation.
Detailed description
The Rewire Study will recruit 60 youth (30 boys and 30 girls) who have had contact with the Department of Youth Services in the last year. Consent will be obtained from parents or guardians for the youths' participation. The participating teens will come to Oregon Research Institute for a baseline assessment. During this visit, the teens will complete an assent form and spend 20-30 minutes completing an online survey with an assessor; topics covered in the survey include emotion regulation and drug and alcohol use. Teens will have the app loaded onto their phones and be provided with instructions for its use during this visit. Participants are asked to use the app over the next 2 weeks, completing 4 modules and spending 5-10 minutes each day answering questions about recent emotions and substance use. Teens will be contacted via email for follow up assessments at 8 weeks post-baseline. These emails will contain links to the follow-up surveys which also ask about emotion regulation and drug and alcohol use; surveys should take 20-30 minutes to complete.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALRewire App
A prototype Rewire app will be designed and created; the first four modules will be evaluated by 60 high-risk adolescents. The teens are asked to complete each module and spend a few minutes each day for two weeks using the practice exercises.
Sponsors
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Oregon Research Behavioral Intervention Strategies, Inc.
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
All 60 teens in The Rewire Study will complete the first 4 modules of the Rewire app.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
13 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* ages 13 to 18 * involved with Juvenile Justice system * documented substance use * English-speaking * living in the community
Exclusion criteria
* non English-speaking * living in treatment or detention facility
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Adolescent Use of Cigarettes | Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest) | Proportion of participants that use cigarettes as measured by Youth Substances Interview |
| Adolescent Use of E-cigarettes | Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest) | Proportion of participants that use e-cigarette use as measured by Youth Substances Interview |
| Adolescent Use of Alcohol | Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest) | Proportion of participants that use alcohol use as measured by Youth Substances Interview |
| Adolescent Use of Marijuana | Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest) | Proportion of participants that use marijuana use as measured by Youth Substances Interview |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Non-reactivity to Inner Experience Subscale | Baseline (pretest) and 8-week (posttest) | Mindfulness is measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = never or very rarely true, 5 = every often or always true) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of mindfulness. Subscales include observing (8 items), describing (8 items), acting with awareness (8 items), non-judging of inner experience (8 items), and non-reactivity to inner experience (7 items). |
| Changes in Emotion Regulation - Non-acceptance of Emotional Response Subscale | Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest) | Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items). |
| Changes in Emotional Regulation - Difficulties Engaging in Goals Subscale | Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (posttest) | Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items). |
| Changes in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Observe Subscale | Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest) | Mindfulness is measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = never or very rarely true, 5 = every often or always true) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of mindfulness. Subscales include observing (8 items), describing (8 items), acting with awareness (8 items), non-judging of inner experience (8 items), and non-reactivity to inner experience (7 items). |
| Changes in Emotional Regulation - Lack of Emotional Awareness Subscale | Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (Posttest) | Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items). |
| Changes in Emotional Regulation - Limited Access to Emotion Regulation Strategies Subscale | Baseline (pretest) and 8-week (posttest) | Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items). |
| Changes in Emotional Regulation - Lack of Emotional Clarity | Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (posttest) | Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items). |
| Changes in Emotional Regulation - Impulse Control Difficulties Subscale | Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (posttest) | Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items). |
| Changes in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Describing Subscale | Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (posttest) | Mindfulness is measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = never or very rarely true, 5 = every often or always true) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of mindfulness. Subscales include observing (8 items), describing (8 items), acting with awareness (8 items), non-judging of inner experience (8 items), and non-reactivity to inner experience (7 items). |
| Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Acting With Awareness Subscale | Baseline (pretest) and 8-week (posttest) | Mindfulness is measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = never or very rarely true, 5 = every often or always true) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of mindfulness. Subscales include observing (8 items), describing (8 items), acting with awareness (8 items), non-judging of inner experience (8 items), and non-reactivity to inner experience (7 items). |
| Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Non-judging of Inner Experiences Subscale | Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (posttest) | Mindfulness is measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = never or very rarely true, 5 = every often or always true) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of mindfulness. Subscales include observing (8 items), describing (8 items), acting with awareness (8 items), non-judging of inner experience (8 items), and non-reactivity to inner experience (7 items). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| App Evaluation All 60 teens in The Rewire Study will complete the first 4 modules of the Rewire app. Prior to using the app, they will complete a baseline assessment. Follow up surveys will be completed at 2 weeks and 8 weeks post-baseline.
Rewire App: A prototype Rewire app will be designed and created; the first four modules will be evaluated by 60 high-risk adolescents. The teens are asked to complete each module and spend a few minutes each day for two weeks using the practice exercises. | 60 |
| Total | 60 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | App Evaluation |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 15.57 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.42 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 13 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 38 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 30 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 30 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 60 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 60 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 60 |
Outcome results
Primary
Adolescent Use of Alcohol
Proportion of participants that use alcohol use as measured by Youth Substances Interview
Time frame: Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Adolescent Use of Alcohol | Pretest | 0.39 proportion of participants | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
| App Evaluation | Adolescent Use of Alcohol | Posttest | 0.44 proportion of participants | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
p-value: 0.37t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Adolescent Use of Cigarettes
Proportion of participants that use cigarettes as measured by Youth Substances Interview
Time frame: Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Adolescent Use of Cigarettes | Pretest | 0.19 proportion of participants | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
| App Evaluation | Adolescent Use of Cigarettes | Posttest | 0.12 proportion of participants | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
p-value: 0.044t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Adolescent Use of E-cigarettes
Proportion of participants that use e-cigarette use as measured by Youth Substances Interview
Time frame: Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Adolescent Use of E-cigarettes | Pretest | 0.32 proportion of participants | Standard Deviation 0.47 |
| App Evaluation | Adolescent Use of E-cigarettes | Posttest | 0.28 proportion of participants | Standard Deviation 0.45 |
p-value: 0.532t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Adolescent Use of Marijuana
Proportion of participants that use marijuana use as measured by Youth Substances Interview
Time frame: Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Adolescent Use of Marijuana | Pretest | 0.54 proportion of participants | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| App Evaluation | Adolescent Use of Marijuana | Posttest | 0.40 proportion of participants | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
p-value: 0.02t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Acting With Awareness Subscale
Mindfulness is measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = never or very rarely true, 5 = every often or always true) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of mindfulness. Subscales include observing (8 items), describing (8 items), acting with awareness (8 items), non-judging of inner experience (8 items), and non-reactivity to inner experience (7 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 8-week (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Acting With Awareness Subscale | Pretest | 2.89 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.48 |
| App Evaluation | Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Acting With Awareness Subscale | Posttest | 2.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.57 |
p-value: 0.745t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Non-judging of Inner Experiences Subscale
Mindfulness is measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = never or very rarely true, 5 = every often or always true) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of mindfulness. Subscales include observing (8 items), describing (8 items), acting with awareness (8 items), non-judging of inner experience (8 items), and non-reactivity to inner experience (7 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Non-judging of Inner Experiences Subscale | Pretest | 3.52 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.81 |
| App Evaluation | Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Non-judging of Inner Experiences Subscale | Posttest | 3.37 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.79 |
p-value: 0.132t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Non-reactivity to Inner Experience Subscale
Mindfulness is measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = never or very rarely true, 5 = every often or always true) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of mindfulness. Subscales include observing (8 items), describing (8 items), acting with awareness (8 items), non-judging of inner experience (8 items), and non-reactivity to inner experience (7 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 8-week (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Non-reactivity to Inner Experience Subscale | Pretest | 2.97 units on a scale | Standard Error 0.65 |
| App Evaluation | Change in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Non-reactivity to Inner Experience Subscale | Posttest | 2.91 units on a scale | Standard Error 0.81 |
p-value: 0.551t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Changes in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Describing Subscale
Mindfulness is measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = never or very rarely true, 5 = every often or always true) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of mindfulness. Subscales include observing (8 items), describing (8 items), acting with awareness (8 items), non-judging of inner experience (8 items), and non-reactivity to inner experience (7 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Changes in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Describing Subscale | Pretest | 3.29 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.68 |
| App Evaluation | Changes in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Describing Subscale | Posttest | 3.28 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
p-value: 0.978t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Changes in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Observe Subscale
Mindfulness is measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = never or very rarely true, 5 = every often or always true) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of mindfulness. Subscales include observing (8 items), describing (8 items), acting with awareness (8 items), non-judging of inner experience (8 items), and non-reactivity to inner experience (7 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Changes in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Observe Subscale | Pretest | 3.08 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| App Evaluation | Changes in Adolescent Mindfulness Practices - Observe Subscale | Posttest | 3.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.87 |
p-value: 0.773t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Changes in Emotional Regulation - Difficulties Engaging in Goals Subscale
Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotional Regulation - Difficulties Engaging in Goals Subscale | Pretest | 2.83 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotional Regulation - Difficulties Engaging in Goals Subscale | Posttest | 2.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
Secondary
Changes in Emotional Regulation - Impulse Control Difficulties Subscale
Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotional Regulation - Impulse Control Difficulties Subscale | Pretest | 1.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.92 |
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotional Regulation - Impulse Control Difficulties Subscale | Posttest | 1.98 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.87 |
p-value: 0.198t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Changes in Emotional Regulation - Lack of Emotional Awareness Subscale
Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (Posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotional Regulation - Lack of Emotional Awareness Subscale | Pretest | 2.79 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.87 |
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotional Regulation - Lack of Emotional Awareness Subscale | Posttest | 2.82 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
p-value: 0.77t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Changes in Emotional Regulation - Lack of Emotional Clarity
Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 8-weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotional Regulation - Lack of Emotional Clarity | Pretest | 2.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.71 |
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotional Regulation - Lack of Emotional Clarity | Posttest | 2.31 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
p-value: 0.175t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Changes in Emotional Regulation - Limited Access to Emotion Regulation Strategies Subscale
Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 8-week (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotional Regulation - Limited Access to Emotion Regulation Strategies Subscale | Pretest | 2.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotional Regulation - Limited Access to Emotion Regulation Strategies Subscale | Posttest | 2.25 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.03 |
p-value: 0.834t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Changes in Emotion Regulation - Non-acceptance of Emotional Response Subscale
Emotion Regulation is measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotional regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) was assessed with a 5-point response option (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) and mean scores were computed for each subscale. A higher score indicates greater levels of emotional regulation. Subscales include non-acceptance of emotional response (6 items), difficulties engaging in goals (5 items), impulse control difficulties (6 items), lack of emotional awareness (6 items), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (6 items).
Time frame: Baseline (pretest), 8 weeks (posttest)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotion Regulation - Non-acceptance of Emotional Response Subscale | Pretest | 1.93 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| App Evaluation | Changes in Emotion Regulation - Non-acceptance of Emotional Response Subscale | Posttest | 2.09 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
p-value: 0.255t-test, 2 sided