KRAS Gene Mutation, Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Brain, Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer AJCC v7
Conditions
Brief summary
This phase II trial studies how well regorafenib works together with methotrexate in treating participants with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with tumors that harbor a KRAS mutation. Regorafenib is a targeted therapy that works on different cancer pathways to stop the growth of tumor cells and stop them from spreading. Methotrexate may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving regorafenib and methotrexate together may work in treating participants with KRAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the progression free survival (PFS) of the combination of regorafenib and methotrexate for metastatic KRAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who have received at least 1 prior systemic therapy. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the objective response rate (ORR) of the combination of regorafenib and methotrexate for metastatic KRAS mutated NSCLC patients who have received at least 1 prior systemic therapy. II. To determine the disease control rate (DCR) at 8 weeks of the combination of regorafenib and methotrexate for metastatic KRAS mutated NSCLC patients who have received at least 1 prior systemic therapy. III. To determine the safety of the combination of regorafenib and methotrexate in metastatic KRAS mutated NSCLC patients who have received at least 1 prior systemic therapy, assessed as the number of subjects that experience a treatment-emergent adverse event. IV. To determine the safety of the combination of regorafenib and methotrexate in metastatic KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients who have received at least 1 prior systemic therapy, assessed as the number (percent) of participants experiencing any dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). V. To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of methotrexate when combined with regorafenib (i.e., trough and maximum serum concentration \[Cmax\]). OUTLINE: Participants receive regorafenib orally (PO) once daily (QD) and methotrexate PO twice weekly with 2-3 days apart on a 3 week on / 1 week off schedule. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, participants will come in for an end of study treatment visit.
Interventions
DRUGRegorafenib
Given PO
DRUGMethotrexate
Given PO
OTHERPharmacokinetic Study
Correlative studies
Sponsors
Stanford University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Histologic or cytologic confirmed diagnosis of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer that is recurrent or metastatic. * Documentation of pathogenic KRAS mutation * Previous receipt of at least one systemic therapy for recurrent or metastatic disease OR previous receipt of adjuvant systemic therapy within 6 months of enrollment; there is no limit on number of prior therapies allowed * Prior systemic therapy must be completed within 2 weeks of study treatment, with either improvement of clinically significant treatment-related toxicities to grade 0-1 OR stabilized to a new baseline * Previously treated OR asymptomatic non-progressing \< 1 cm untreated brain metastases are allowed * Measurable disease based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 criteria * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1500/mm\^3 * Platelet count ≥ 100,000 /mm\^3 * Hemoglobin (Hb) ≥ 9 g/dL * Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5x upper limit of normal (ULN) OR calculated (Cockcroft Gault formula) or measured creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min for patients with creatinine levels \> 1.5x ULN * Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5x ULN OR direct bilirubin ≤ ULN for patients with total bilirubin levels \> 1.5x ULN * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 3x ULN (≤ 5x ULN for patients with liver involvement of their cancer) * Must be able to swallow and retain oral medication * Women patients of childbearing potential and men patients with women partners of childbearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception or agree to abstain from heterosexual activity beginning at the time of signing informed consent until at least 3 months after the last dose of study treatment; post-menopausal women (defined as no menses for at least 1 year) and surgically sterilized women are not considered childbearing
Exclusion criteria
* Previously treated with regorafenib * Known allergy to regorafenib or methotrexate * Currently receiving another systemic standard or investigational anti-cancer therapy; prior investigational therapy must be completed within 4 half-lives (if known) or 2 weeks, whichever is longer; the maximal washout of investigational therapy will not exceed 4 weeks prior to study treatment; bone medications such as bisphosphonates and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β (RANK) ligand inhibitors permitted * Leptomeningeal disease as documented by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology * Clinically significant cardiovascular related disease including: * Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic pressure \> 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure \> 90 mmHg on repeated measurements, i.e., 3 or more separate days within one week) despite optimal medical management * Congestive heart failure - New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or greater * Active coronary artery disease (i.e., unstable or new onset angina within 3 months of study treatment; myocardial infarction within 6 months of study treatment) * Clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias other than atrial flutter/fibrillation * Stroke, including transient ischemic attacks, within 6 months of study treatment * Other clinically significant arterial events, except for controlled asymptomatic pulmonary embolism, within 6 months of study treatment * Clinically significant hemorrhage or bleeding event within 1 month of study treatment * Uncontrolled symptomatic pleural effusion or ascites * Known active additional malignancy that is undergoing or expected to undergo systemic treatment during duration of study participation * Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or known current active hepatitis B (i.e., hepatitis \[Hep\] B deoxyribonucleic acid \[DNA\] positive in prior 3 months) or hepatitis C infection (i.e., Hep C ribonucleic acid \[RNA\] positive in prior 3 months) * Major surgical procedure (e.g., involving the opening of a major body cavity) within 4 weeks of study treatment; this does not apply to low risk procedures (i.e., thoracentesis; paracentesis; chest tube / PleurX catheter placement; line placement; needle biopsy of tumor; and bronchoscopy) * Presence of a clinically significant non-healing wound, non-healing ulcer, or bone fracture * Concomitant therapy required at time of first dose of study treatment, including: * Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and CYP3A4 inducers * Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors, and probenecid * Women who are pregnant or breast feeding * Any condition which, in the investigator's opinion, including substance abuse, medical, psychological or social conditions that makes the patient unsuitable for trial participation or may interfere with the patient's participation in the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression Free Survival (PFS) | From first study treatment assessed up to 15 months | Progression free survival (PFS), measured from time of first study treatment until objective tumor progression as assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 criteria or death from any cause, whichever occurs earlier. PFS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method along with 95% confidence interval. RECIST v1.1 criteria are: * Complete Response (CR) = Disappearance of all target lesions * Partial Response (PR) = ≥ 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions * Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR * Progressive disease (PD) = 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, and/or the appearance of one or more new lesion(s) * Stable disease (SD) = Small changes that do not meet any of the above criteria |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Disease Control Rate (DCR) | At 8 weeks | Disease control rate (DCR) will be assessed as the proportion of complete responses (CR) + partial responses (PR) + stable disease (SD) after 8 weeks of treatment (+/- 1 week), as determined by using RECIST v1.1 |
| Number of Participants With Adverse Events | Up to 38 months | Participants who experienced any treatment emergent adverse event and any ≥ grade 3 adverse event is reported. |
| Objective Response Rate (ORR) | Up to 24 months | Objective response rate (ORR; as determined by RECIST v1.1) will be assessed as the proportion (percent) of participants with either complete response (CR; disappearance of all target lesions) or partial response (PR; ≥ 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions), with exact 95% confidence intervals based on a binomial distribution. |
| Trough Serum Concentration of Methotrexate | Cycle 1, Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 | Pharmacokinetics (PK) of methotrexate when co-administered with regorafenib, as indicated by the trough serum concentration, was accessed by a fluorescent polarization immunoassay, and is reported as the mean with standard deviation. Participants treated with at least 1 dose of regorafenib and methotrexate and with at least one evaluable baseline pharmacokinetic sample and one follow up trough pharmacokinetic sample treated were included. |
| Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Methotrexate | Cycle 1, Days 1, 8, and 15 | Pharmacokinetics (PK) of methotrexate when co-administered with regorafenib, as indicated by the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of methotrexate, was assessed by a fluorescent polarization immunoassay, and is reported as the mean with standard deviation. Participants treated with at least 1 dose of regorafenib and methotrexate and with at least one evaluable Cmax pharmacokinetic sample were included in the assessment. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
22 patients signed consent, 18 were allocated to treatment.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) Participants receive regorafenib PO QD on days 1-21, and methotrexate PO twice weekly with 2-3 days apart on a 3 week on/ 1 week off cycle. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. | 18 |
| Total | 18 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 68.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.7 |
| Brain Metastases None | 14 Participants |
| Brain Metastases Previously treated | 3 Participants |
| Brain Metastases Untreated stable | 1 Participants |
| Disease Presentation Metastatic | 7 Participants |
| Disease Presentation Recurrent | 11 Participants |
| ECOG Performance Status 0 | 2 Participants |
| ECOG Performance Status 1 | 16 Participants |
| History of Pleural Effusion No | 9 Participants |
| History of Pleural Effusion Yes | 9 Participants |
| KRAS Mutation Subtype G12C | 5 Participants |
| KRAS Mutation Subtype G12C/K117N | 1 Participants |
| KRAS Mutation Subtype G12D | 6 Participants |
| KRAS Mutation Subtype G12R | 2 Participants |
| KRAS Mutation Subtype G12S/A146V | 1 Participants |
| KRAS Mutation Subtype G12V | 2 Participants |
| KRAS Mutation Subtype Q61L | 1 Participants |
| Previous Lines of Systemic Therapy 1 | 10 Participants |
| Previous Lines of Systemic Therapy 2-3 | 5 Participants |
| Previous Lines of Systemic Therapy 4-5 | 3 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian | 5 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic | 3 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 10 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 18 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 12 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 6 Participants |
| Smoking Status Former | 14 Participants |
| Smoking Status Never | 4 Participants |
| Tumor Histology: Adenocarcinoma | 18 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 2 / 18 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 17 / 18 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 8 / 18 |
Outcome results
Primary
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Progression free survival (PFS), measured from time of first study treatment until objective tumor progression as assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 criteria or death from any cause, whichever occurs earlier. PFS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method along with 95% confidence interval. RECIST v1.1 criteria are: * Complete Response (CR) = Disappearance of all target lesions * Partial Response (PR) = ≥ 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions * Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR * Progressive disease (PD) = 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, and/or the appearance of one or more new lesion(s) * Stable disease (SD) = Small changes that do not meet any of the above criteria
Time frame: From first study treatment assessed up to 15 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 3.7 months |
Secondary
Disease Control Rate (DCR)
Disease control rate (DCR) will be assessed as the proportion of complete responses (CR) + partial responses (PR) + stable disease (SD) after 8 weeks of treatment (+/- 1 week), as determined by using RECIST v1.1
Time frame: At 8 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Disease Control Rate (DCR) | 66.7 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Methotrexate
Pharmacokinetics (PK) of methotrexate when co-administered with regorafenib, as indicated by the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of methotrexate, was assessed by a fluorescent polarization immunoassay, and is reported as the mean with standard deviation. Participants treated with at least 1 dose of regorafenib and methotrexate and with at least one evaluable Cmax pharmacokinetic sample were included in the assessment.
Time frame: Cycle 1, Days 1, 8, and 15
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Methotrexate | Cycle 1, Day 1 | 0.43 μmol/L | Standard Deviation 0.23 |
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Methotrexate | Cycle 1, Day 8 | 0.60 μmol/L | Standard Deviation 0.3 |
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Methotrexate | Cycle 1, Day 15 | 0.60 μmol/L | Standard Deviation 0.43 |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Adverse Events
Participants who experienced any treatment emergent adverse event and any ≥ grade 3 adverse event is reported.
Time frame: Up to 38 months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Number of Participants With Adverse Events | Any grade | 17 Participants |
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Number of Participants With Adverse Events | ≥ grade 3 | 14 Participants |
Secondary
Objective Response Rate (ORR)
Objective response rate (ORR; as determined by RECIST v1.1) will be assessed as the proportion (percent) of participants with either complete response (CR; disappearance of all target lesions) or partial response (PR; ≥ 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions), with exact 95% confidence intervals based on a binomial distribution.
Time frame: Up to 24 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Objective Response Rate (ORR) | 16.7 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Trough Serum Concentration of Methotrexate
Pharmacokinetics (PK) of methotrexate when co-administered with regorafenib, as indicated by the trough serum concentration, was accessed by a fluorescent polarization immunoassay, and is reported as the mean with standard deviation. Participants treated with at least 1 dose of regorafenib and methotrexate and with at least one evaluable baseline pharmacokinetic sample and one follow up trough pharmacokinetic sample treated were included.
Time frame: Cycle 1, Days 1, 8, 15, and 22
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Trough Serum Concentration of Methotrexate | Cycle 1, Day 1 | 0.04 μmol/L | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Trough Serum Concentration of Methotrexate | Cycle 1, Day 8 | 0.04 μmol/L | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Trough Serum Concentration of Methotrexate | Cycle 1, Day 15 | 0.05 μmol/L | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Treatment (Regorafenib, Methotrexate) | Trough Serum Concentration of Methotrexate | Cycle 1, Day 22 | 0.05 μmol/L | Standard Deviation 0.02 |