Postprandial Lipemia, Satiety
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to compare the changes in blood lipids and feelings of satiety after consumption of oil-in-water emulsions in which the droplets are in either the liquid or solid (i.e. crystalline) states.
Detailed description
A double blinded randomized cross-over acute meal study will be carried out in which 15 healthy male participants will attend two study visits, separated by at least one week. On each study visit, fasted participants will consume either the solid or the liquid emulsion, in a randomized order. Both emulsions tested will have the exact same composition only differing in the physical state of the lipid emulsions, in order to isolate the impact of physical state, specifically, on metabolic response. Postprandial lipemia and satiety will be measured for 6 hours after consumption of the test beverage. The study meals will include crushed acetominophen, the appearance of which will be measured in plasma as a measure of liquid content gastric emptying. Participants will be asked to maintain their usual lifestyle habits throughout the study, with some changes in the 48 hour period leading up to each of the two visits.
Interventions
OTHEREmulsion with solid droplets
This will be a 500 mL beverage emulsion in which the droplets are crystalline. It will have identical composition to the other intervention, i.e. in one the lipid droplets are solid (i.e. crystallized) and the other in which they remain liquid will be introduced at least 7 days apart. The differences in physical state will be achieved simply by changing the temperatures the emulsions are held at. The emulsion will contain 10 % of the lipid palm stearin with 0.4% of the emulsifier sorbitan monostearate (Span60).
OTHEREmulsion with liquid droplets
This will be a 500 mL beverage emulsion in which the droplets are liquid. It will have identical composition to the other intervention, i.e. in one the lipid droplets are solid (i.e. crystallized) and the other in which they remain liquid will be introduced at least 7 days apart. The differences in physical state will be achieved simply by changing the temperatures the emulsions are held at. The emulsion will contain 10 % of the lipid palm stearin with 0.4% of the emulsifier sorbitan monostearate (Span60).
Sponsors
University of Guelph
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* BMI of 18 - 26 kg/m2 * generally healthy * non-smoking * non to moderate alcohol drinkers * fasting plasma cholesterol level \<5.2 mmol/L * plasma triacylglycerol level \<1.7 mmol/L * plasma glucose level \<5.6 mmol/L
Exclusion criteria
* History of major medical conditions * taking prescription medications/ over the counter medications * taking natural health products/ dietary supplements (other than a multivitamin) * oral antibiotic use in the previous 3 months * planning to take oral antibiotics in the next 3 months * food allergy/anaphylactic/life-threatening allergy * smokers/ regular users of recreational drugs * elite/ training athletes * significant weight loss/ gain during the past 3 months * previous reaction/ sensitivity to acetaminophen * inability to avoid taking acetaminophen for 48 hours * sensitivity to the artificial sweetener Sugar Twin® Sucralose and artificial vanilla extract * not willing to consume Sugar Twin® Sucralose or Artificial vanilla.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Triacylglycerols | 6 hours | Fasting and postprandial blood sample analysis |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Gastric emptying | 6 hours | The rate of appearance of acetaminophen (consumed crushed in water immediately after test meal) in the plasma will be determined. |
| Cholecystokinin | 6 hours | Fasting and postprandial blood sample analysis |
| Satiety ratings | 6 hours | Visual analogue scale ratings of feelings of hunger, fullness, appetite, fatigue, after consuming the emulsion beverage. 0: not hungry, empty, no appetite and no fatigue and 10: very hungry, very full, can eat a lot and very fatigued. The distance from the left end of the scale will be measured. |
| Apolipoprotein B48 | 6 hours | Fasting and postprandial blood sample analysis |
| Chylomicron size | 6 hours | Fasting and postprandial blood sample analysis |
| Fatty acid composition | 6 hours | Fasting and postprandial blood sample analysis |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed