Specific Phobia
Conditions
Keywords
anxiety disorders, spider phobia, stress, exposure therapy, generalization
Brief summary
This study investigates whether stress can augment exposure therapy outcome in patients with specific phobia (spider phobia).
Detailed description
Stress has been shown to modulate fear extinction. The present study is aimed at investigating whether stress (administered prior to exposure with the socially evaluated cold pressor test) augments exposure therapy outcome in patients with specific phobia (spider phobia). Furthermore, the effects of stress on the generalization of exposure-induced symptom reduction towards untreated fear stimuli (i.e. cockroaches) will be explored. Participants are randomly assigned to the cold or warm water condition of the socially evaluated cold pressor test (SECPT; Schwabe et al., 2008). Thereafter, participants of both conditions receive 45 minutes of in-vivo exposure to spiders. The effects of stress on exposure-based anxiety reductions toward spiders (treated fear stimulus) and cockroaches (untreated fear stimulus to assess generalization of treatment outcome) are assessed on the behavioral, subjective and physiological level at pretreatment, posttreatment (24 hours after exposure) and follow-up (4 weeks after exposure).
Interventions
OTHERCold water condition
Cold water condition of the SECPT. Participants immerse their hand into ice-cold water (0-3°C). During the SECPT, participants are videotyped and monitored. After the SECPT, participants will receive 45 minutes of in-vivo exposure to spiders
OTHERWarm water condition
Warm water condition of the SECPT. Participants immerse their hand into warm water (36-37°C). Participants are neither videotyped nor monitored during the whole procedure. After the SECPT, participants will receive 45 minutes of in-vivo exposure to spiders.
Sponsors
Ruhr University of Bochum
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Women using oral contraceptives (OC) * Specific phobia (spider phobia)
Exclusion criteria
* Body Mass Index (BMI) \< 19 or \> 27 * Pregnancy * Any acute or chronic mental, somatic, endocrine, or metabolic disease * Psychological, psychiatric, neurological or pharmacological treatment * Shift work * Smoking more than 5 cigarettes per month * Vaccination in the past 2 month * Drug or alcohol abuse
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the Behavioral Approach Test (BAT) with spiders (treated fear stimulus) | Pretreatment, Posttreatment, Follow-up (with approx. 1 day between pre- and posttreatment and 4 weeks between pretreatment and follow-up) | During the Behavioral Approach Test (BAT) the closest distance to a spider as well as subjective fear and heart rate is measured. |
| Change in the Behavioral Approach Test with Cockroaches (untreated fear stimulus) | Pretreatment, Follow-up (with approx. 4 weeks between pretreatment and follow-up) | During the Behavioral Approach Test (BAT) the closest distance to a cockroach as well as subjective fear and heart rate is measured. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Free cortisol concentrations | 5 times at Pretreatment, 2 times at Posttreatment, 2 times at Follow-up. (with approx. 1 day between pre- and posttreatment and 4 weeks between pretreatment and follow-up) | Manipulation check (SECPT). Saliva will be collected using salivette sampling devices (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht) at different time points to assess free cortisol concentrations and activity of the enzyme alpha amylase |
| Change in the Cockroach-fear related questionnaires | Pretreatment, Posttreatment, Follow-up (with approx. 1 day between pre- and posttreatment and 4 weeks between pretreatment and follow-up) | Self-report questionnaires assessing fear of cockroaches will be used. The Fear of Cockroach Questionnaire and the Cockroach Beliefs Questionnaire will be employed. Scores on these scales range from 0 to 108 and 0 to 100, respectively, with higher scores indicating greater fear of cockroaches. |
| Activity of the enzyme alpha amylase | 5 times at Pretreatment, 2 times at Posttreatment, 2 times at Follow-up ( (with approx. 1 day between pre- and posttreatment and 4 weeks between pretreatment and follow-up) | Alpha amylase will be collected using salivette sampling devices |
| Blood pressure | 9 times at Pretreatment | Manipulation check (SECPT). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) are measured at different time points |
| Change in the Spider-fear Related questionnaires | Pretreatment, Posttreatment, Follow-up (with approx. 1 day between pre- and posttreatment and 4 weeks between pretreatment and follow-up) | Self-report questionnaires assessing fear of spiders will be used. The Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) and the Spider Beliefs Questionnaire (SBQ) will be employed. Scores on these scales range from 0 to 108 and 0 to 100, respectively, with higher scores indicating greater fear of spiders. |
Countries
Germany
Outcome results
None listed