Obstetric Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Ropivacaine, wound infusion, analgesia, cesarean, intrathecal morphine, randomized controlled trial
Brief summary
Cesarean delivery is one of the most common surgical procedures, performed at an increasingly high rate. It is associated with intense postoperative pain that may hamper the rehabilitation process and interfere with patient satisfaction and care provided to the newborn. Therefore, control of perioperative pain with multimodal regimens using local anesthetic may be important in short- and long-term convalescence after surgery. Opioid-based regimens are the gold standard of cesarean delivery analgesia. However, spinal and epidural opioids have a ceiling effect. Wound infiltration with local anesthetics has been used widely in the multimodal approach of pain relief. Continuous wound infusion with local anesthetic through a multiorifice catheter increases the duration of action and efficacy of local surgical wound infiltration compared with a one-time wound injection of local anesthetic. After cesarean delivery, Local anesthetic continuous wound infusion would be associated with better reduction in pain scores when compared to intrathecal morphine . Therefore, an assessor and patient blinded, randomized study that aimed to compare the efficacy and side effects of these analgesia techniques was conducted.
Interventions
DEVICEwound infusion (Dosi-Pain® Kit, LEVENTON SAU, Spain)
After peritoneum closure a 16cm multiorifice perforated catheter (Dosi-Pain® Kit, LEVENTON SAU, Spain) was inserted by the surgeon below the fascia used for normal saline continuous infusion in the Placebo group and for continuous ropivacaine infusion (Ropivacaina Molteni®, MOLTENI FARMACEUTICI, Italy) in the ropivacaine group.
PROCEDURESpinal Anesthesia
Cesarean section was conducted under spinal anesthesia in both groups
DRUGintrathecal morphine
Intrathecal morphine was administered during spinal anesthesia in the placebo group but not in the ropivacaine group
DRUGRopivacaine (Ropivacaina Molteni®)
A10ml bolus of ropivacaine 7.5mg/ml were administered in the wound catheter after skin closure then an infusion of ropivacaine 2mg/ml at the rate of 5ml/h was administered as wound infusion via the Dosi-Pain® Kit for 48hours.
DRUGNormal saline
A10ml bolus of normal saline were administered in the wound catheter after skin closure then an infusion of normal saline at the rate of 5ml/h was administered as wound infusion via the Dosi-Pain® Kit for 48hours.
Sponsors
LEVENTON
Saint-Joseph University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
healthy, term women scheduled for cesarean delievry
Intervention model description
randomized controlled trial
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* women. * age between 18 and 50 years. * gestational age 37 to 42 weeks. * body mass index ranging from 18.0 to 30.0 kg/m2 * American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I or II * elective cesarean delivery with a Pfannenstiel incision * spinal anesthesia.
Exclusion criteria
* history of chronic opioid use. * Allergy to opioids and or local anesthetics. * absolute or relative contraindication to neuraxial anesthesia. * fever or any other sign of infection. * Diabetes Mellitus under insulin therapy * physical separation of patients from the neonate during the postoperative period.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| pain at rest | Hour 0, Hour 2, Hour 6, Hour 12, Hour 24, Hour 36 and Hour 48 | Pain scores at rest were measured postoperatively using visual analog rating scale for pain in which 0 is defined as no pain and 10 as maximum pain. Measures were repeated for 48hours postoperatively. Hour 0 is the time of arrival to the post anesthesia care unit PACU. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting | Hour 0 | incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Measurements were made for 48 hours postoperatively. Hour 0 is the time of arrival to the post anesthesia care unit PACU. |
| incidence of pruritus | Hour 0 | incidence of pruritus. Measurements were made for 48 hours postoperatively.Hour 0 is the time of arrival to the post anesthesia care unit PACU. |
| incidence of urinary retention | during the 48 hours postoperatively | defined as the requirement of bladder recatheterization postoperatively. |
| pain at mobilization | Hour 0 | Pain scores at mobilization were measured postoperatively using visual analog rating scale for pain in which 0 is defined as no pain and 10 as maximum pain. Measures were repeated for 48hours postoperatively. Hour 0 is the time of arrival to the post anesthesia care unit PACU. |
| sedation | Hour 0 | assessed by a 5-point rating scale (0 fully alert, 1 sleepy but easily aroused with verbal stimulation, 2 sleepy but aroused with light touch, 3 sleepy but aroused with pain, and 4 unconscious patient). Measurements were made for 48 hours postoperatively. Hour 0 is the time of arrival to the post anesthesia care unit PACU. |
| incidence of neurological alterations | Hour 0 | patients were specifically asked about paresthesia, tactile hyperesthesia, and headache. Measurements were made for 48 hours postoperatively. Hour 0 is the time of arrival to the post anesthesia care unit PACU. |
| return of gastrointestinal function | during the 48 hours postoperatively | interval from the end of surgery until first gas elimination postoperatively. interval from the end of surgery until first feces elimination postoperatively. |
Countries
Lebanon
Outcome results
None listed