Aging, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Conditions
Keywords
Diabetes, Heat Shock Response, Aging, Exercise
Brief summary
The aim of this study was to compare the heat shock response (HSR) between healthy middle-aged adults, healthy elderly adults and type 2 diabetic elderly people. In addition, considering the effects of strength exercise in promoting health, we aimed to test the effects of strength training over the HSR in diabetic elderly people. Thirty (19 females and 11 males) sedentary non-smoking participants volunteered for this study (11 healthy middle-age adults, 7 healthy old adults and 12 diabetic old subjects, previously diagnosed by their personal physicians). Firstly, venous blood samples were obtained from all participants to test the HSR. They were divided in three groups: healthy middle-age adults (45-59 y.o.), healthy elderly adults and elderly diabetic (\> 60 y.o.). As we identify that diabetic people presented a poor HSR, we submit the diabetic group to a twelve-week resistance exercise training to verify if this intervention could improve the HS response. Diabetic subjects were randomly (1:1 block randomization) allocated in one of the two groups: Trained and Control (no training). Strength training was performed three times per week while the control group performed a placebo stretching/relaxing session once a week (for adherence purposes). Both interventions had twelve weeks of duration. To avoid any significant adaptation, all stretching exercises (for large muscle groups only) were performed at very low intensity without any significant discomfort. Supervised (by qualified sport and exercise scientists) exercise was performed in a gym on three non-consecutive days of the week. Each session lasted \ 60 min and consisted of a warm up, the resistance exercise training and a cool down. The training programme consisted of a combination of upper and lower body exercises using gym equipments, free weights and body weight as the primary resistance. The twelve weeks of strength training were divided into three mesocycles of four weeks each. Exercises included leg press, knee extensions and leg curls, biceps curls, triceps extensions, lat pull-downs, shoulder press, bench press and abdominal crunch. Before the start of the training period, subjects completed a familiarization session to practice the exercises they would further perform during the training sessions, where the exercise load was individually tested. The resistance training was performed using two to three sets per exercise at intensities between 12-15 repetition maximum-RM.
Interventions
OTHERStrength training
Strength training was performed three times per week for twelve weeks. Supervised (by qualified sport and exercise scientists) exercise was performed in a gym on three non-consecutive days of the week. Each session lasted \ 60 min and consisted of a warm up, the resistance exercise training and a cool down. The training programme consisted of a combination of upper and lower body exercises using gym equipments, free weights and body weight as the primary resistance. The twelve weeks of strength training were divided into three mesocycles of four weeks each. The resistance training was performed using two to three sets per exercise at intensities between 12-15 repetition maximum-RM.
OTHERNo Training
Control group performed a placebo stretching/relaxing session once a week (for adherence purposes) for twelve weeks. To avoid any significant adaptation, all stretching exercises (for large muscle groups only) were performed at very low intensity without any significant discomfort.
Sponsors
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
The aim of this study was to compare the heat shock response (HSR) between healthy middle-aged adults (45-59 years old), healthy elderly adults (\> 60 y.o.) and type 2 diabetic elderly people (\> 60 y.o.). In addition, considering the effects of strength exercise in promoting health, we aimed to test the effects of strength training over the HSR in diabetic elderly people.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
45 Years to 85 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* . Inclusion criteria for diabetic people were HbA1c ≤ 7,5% (within the last six months), controlled blood pressure and no use of insulin.
Exclusion criteria
* Participants were excluded if they reported a history of myocardial infarction, cardiac illness, vascular disease, stroke, major systemic disease or any condition that would prevent them from engaging in an exercise study; or if they were already engaging in two or more planned and structured exercise sessions per week (in the last six months).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Heat Shock Response Change. | Before and After twelve weeks of exercise training. | Capacity of cells to express and export heat shock protein 72kDa in response to heat (ng/mL). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| hs-CRP Change. | Before and After twelve weeks of exercise training. | Marker of Inflammation measured in mg/L. |
| Body composition Change. | Before and After twelve weeks of exercise training. | Body mass index (in Kg/m2). |
| TNF-a Change. | Before and After twelve weeks of exercise training. | Marker of Inflammation measured in pg/mL. |
| IL-10 Change. | Before and After twelve weeks of exercise training. | Marker of Inflammation measured in pg/mL. |
| Visceral Adipose Tissue Change. | Before and After twelve weeks of exercise training. | Amount of visceral adipose tissue measured in millimeters (mm). |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed