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Thiamine as a Metabolic Resuscitator After Cardiac Arrest

Thiamine as a Metabolic Resuscitator After Cardiac Arrest

Status
Terminated
Phases
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT03450707
Acronym
THACA
Enrollment
93
Registered
2018-03-01
Start date
2018-05-06
Completion date
2022-02-19
Last updated
2023-08-24

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Cardiac Arrest

Keywords

cardiac arrest, post-arrest

Brief summary

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study to investigate the effect of intravenous thiamine (vitamin B1) on lactate, cellular oxygen consumption, global oxygen consumption and biomarkers of neurologic injury after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). .

Detailed description

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study to investigate the effect of intravenous thiamine (vitamin B1) on lactate, cellular oxygen consumption, global oxygen consumption and biomarkers of neurologic injury after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Patients who have sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after OHCA and have a lactate of 3 or greater will be eligible for the study. Enrolled patients will be randomized to intravenous thiamine 500mg twice daily for 5 doses or matching placebo (100cc normal saline). Blood will be drawn at several time points and patients will be connected to a noninvasive monitor for continuous measurement of global oxygen consumption. The primary endpoint is change in lactate level. Secondary endpoints include change in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, change in cellular and global oxygen consumption, change in NSE and S100 (biomarkers of neurologic injury) and CPC-E score (a score that assesses neurologic and functional impairment) at hospital discharge, 30 and 90 days.

Interventions

DRUGThiamine 500 mg IV

Thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) 500mg IV will be given every 12 hours for 5 doses in the experimental arm.

OTHERPlacebo

100mL of intravenous normal saline will be given every 12hours for 5 doses in the placebo arm

Sponsors

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
CollaboratorNIH
Michael Donnino
Lead SponsorOTHER

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)

Masking description

A randomization list was prepared by an independent statistician using 1:1 randomization in blocks of four. This list will be provided to the research pharmacy, and the research pharmacy will be the only unblinded people involved with the study, and will have no patient contact or role in the analysis or other aspects of the study. Thiamine is colorless and odorless, and the 500mg dose is mixed in 100mL of normal saline. Placebo will be 100mL of normal saline and is indistinguishable in appearance from thiamine. Study team, clinical team and patient and family will all be blind to the allocation.

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Adult patient (age ≥ 18 years) * Cardiac arrest occurring with sustained (\> 20 minutes) return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) * Within 4.5 hours of cardiac arrest event * Lactate \>/=3

Exclusion criteria

* Clinical indication for thiamine administration (alcoholism, known or highly suspected deficiency) or treatment with thiamine beyond the amount found in a standard multivitamin within the last 10 days * Traumatic etiology of arrest * Comfort measures only or anticipated withdrawal of support within 24 hours * Protected populations (pregnant women, prisoners) * Known allergy to thiamine

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Lactate24 hoursBlood Lactate Over Time

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Lactate72 hoursAbsolute Blood Level of Lactate
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Specific Activity72 hoursAbsolute PDH specific activity value
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Activity72 hoursAbsolute PDH Activity Value
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Quantity72 hoursAbsolute PDH Quantity. Please note that the measurement of Absolute PDH Quantity is done using a relative quantity assay, and that PDH is an enzyme and not a stable protein; therefore the units of measure cannot be provided in mg and are instead listed in mini OD unit/min/mg protein.
Creatinine72 hoursCreatinine over Time
Global Oxygen Consumption48 hoursGlobal Oxygen Consumption over Time
Favorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)will be assessed up to 30 and 90 daysCount/Proportion of Patients Scoring a Favorable CPC, defined as a score of 1 or 2. Cerebral performance category scores range from 1-5. Lower scores mean better outcomes.
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Scoreover 72 hoursSOFA score over time. SOFA score: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score, ranges from 0-24, higher scores mean worse outcomes.
Acute Renal FailureFirst 7 days following ArrestDetermined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for Stage 3 acute kidney injury/kidney failure.
Cellular Oxygen Consumption0 hours and 24 hours.Absolute Cellular Oxygen Consumption Rate: We use two measures to capture Oxygen Consumption Rate; the basal respiration and the maximal respiration.
Biomarkers of Neurologic Injuryvarious time points over 7 daysS100 and NSE levels at various time points
Mortalitywill be assessed at hospital discharge and up to 30 and 90 days.Mortality in the study assessed at three timepoints.

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Thiamine
Patients randomized to the thiamine arm will receive thiamine 500mg in 100mL of normal saline intravenously every 12 hours for 5 doses. Patients will be connected to a noninvasive monitor for measurement of global oxygen consumption (VO2) for at least 48 hours or until extubated, whichever comes first. Blood will be drawn at 0,6,12,24,72 and 168 hours for measurement of lactate, thiamine level, pyruvate dehydrogenase, NSE, S100 and other markers of organ injury. CPC-E score will be assessed prior to hospital discharge and at 30 and 90 days to evaluate differences in neurologic and functional impairment. Thiamine 500 mg IV: Thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) 500mg IV will be given every 12 hours for 5 doses in the experimental arm.
40
Placebo
Patients randomized to placebo will receive 100mL normal saline intravenously every 12 hours for 5 doses. All other aspects of the protocol will be the same as in the experimental arm. Patients will be connected to a noninvasive monitor for measurement of global oxygen consumption (VO2) for at least 48 hours or until extubated, whichever comes first. Blood will be drawn at 0,6,12,24,72 and 168 hours for measurement of lactate, thiamine level, pyruvate dehydrogenase, NSE, S100 and other markers of organ injury. CPC-E score will be assessed prior to hospital discharge and at 30 and 90 days to evaluate differences in neurologic and functional impairment. Placebo: 100mL of intravenous normal saline will be given every 12hours for 5 doses in the placebo arm
36
Total76

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001
Overall StudyDeath10
Overall StudyEvidence of traumatic brain injury10
Overall StudyFamily/patient goals of care01
Overall StudyFollowing commands03
Overall StudyIndication for thiamine11
Overall StudyIndication for thiamine + head CT results01
Overall StudyLactate < 3.502
Overall StudyOutside enrollment window41
Overall StudyRearrest with ECMO01

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicThiaminePlaceboTotal
Age, Continuous68.5 years65.5 years66.5 years
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
2 Participants2 Participants4 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
14 Participants20 Participants34 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
24 Participants14 Participants38 Participants
Initial Rhythm
Asystole
9 Participants10 Participants19 Participants
Initial Rhythm
Pulseless electrical activity
15 Participants13 Participants28 Participants
Initial Rhythm
Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia
3 Participants1 Participants4 Participants
Initial Rhythm
Unknown Non-Shockable
3 Participants2 Participants5 Participants
Initial Rhythm
Unknown Shockable
4 Participants5 Participants9 Participants
Initial Rhythm
Ventricular Fibrillation
6 Participants5 Participants11 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race
Asian
3 Participants0 Participants3 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race
Black
6 Participants3 Participants9 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race
Other
0 Participants2 Participants2 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race
Unknown
21 Participants14 Participants35 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race
White
10 Participants17 Participants27 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
15 Participants16 Participants31 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
25 Participants20 Participants45 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
30 / 4024 / 36
other
Total, other adverse events
0 / 400 / 36
serious
Total, serious adverse events
0 / 400 / 36

Outcome results

Primary

Lactate

Blood Lactate Over Time

Time frame: 24 hours

Population: Seventeen patients (six in the placebo arm and eleven in the thiamine arm) missing 24-hour lactate as they had expired by this timepoint.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
ThiamineLactate1.8 mmol/L
PlaceboLactate2.2 mmol/L
p-value: 0.7295% CI: [-1.82, 2.5]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary

Acute Renal Failure

Determined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for Stage 3 acute kidney injury/kidney failure.

Time frame: First 7 days following Arrest

Population: Three patients from the placebo arm and one from the thiamine arm were excluded from the renal failure analyses due to pre-arrest end-stage renal disease requiring dialyses.

ArmMeasureValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
ThiamineAcute Renal Failure9 Participants
PlaceboAcute Renal Failure3 Participants
Secondary

Biomarkers of Neurologic Injury

S100 and NSE levels at various time points

Time frame: various time points over 7 days

Population: Biomarker assays not run in the laboratory at this time

Secondary

Cellular Oxygen Consumption

Absolute Cellular Oxygen Consumption Rate: We use two measures to capture Oxygen Consumption Rate; the basal respiration and the maximal respiration.

Time frame: 0 hours and 24 hours.

Population: Two patients from the thiamine group had a thiamine value \>1200 and were excluded.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEDIAN)
ThiamineCellular Oxygen ConsumptionBasal respiration-0 hours5.6 pmol/min/mg protein
ThiamineCellular Oxygen ConsumptionMaximal respiration-0 hours19.3 pmol/min/mg protein
ThiamineCellular Oxygen ConsumptionBasal respiration-24 hours5.5 pmol/min/mg protein
ThiamineCellular Oxygen ConsumptionMaximal respiration-24 hours14.7 pmol/min/mg protein
PlaceboCellular Oxygen ConsumptionMaximal respiration-24 hours16.1 pmol/min/mg protein
PlaceboCellular Oxygen ConsumptionBasal respiration-0 hours4.8 pmol/min/mg protein
PlaceboCellular Oxygen ConsumptionBasal respiration-24 hours4.7 pmol/min/mg protein
PlaceboCellular Oxygen ConsumptionMaximal respiration-0 hours11.9 pmol/min/mg protein
p-value: 0.4395% CI: [-3.6, 1.6]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary

Creatinine

Creatinine over Time

Time frame: 72 hours

Population: Thirty-two patients (thirteen in the placebo arm and nineteen in the thiamine arm) missing 72-hour creatinine as they had expired prior to the 72-hour timepoint.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
ThiamineCreatinine1.9 mg/dL
PlaceboCreatinine1.1 mg/dL
p-value: 0.0295% CI: [-0.27, 1.78]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary

Favorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)

Count/Proportion of Patients Scoring a Favorable CPC, defined as a score of 1 or 2. Cerebral performance category scores range from 1-5. Lower scores mean better outcomes.

Time frame: will be assessed up to 30 and 90 days

Population: Two patients, both from placebo arm, did not have 30 day CPC scores available. Four patients, all from the placebo arm, did not have 90 day CPC scores available.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
ThiamineFavorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)Favorable Discharge CPC (1-2)8 Participants
ThiamineFavorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)Favorable 30-day CPC (1-2)9 Participants
ThiamineFavorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)Favorable 90-day CPC (1-2)9 Participants
PlaceboFavorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)Favorable Discharge CPC (1-2)10 Participants
PlaceboFavorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)Favorable 30-day CPC (1-2)9 Participants
PlaceboFavorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)Favorable 90-day CPC (1-2)7 Participants
Secondary

Global Oxygen Consumption

Global Oxygen Consumption over Time

Time frame: 48 hours

Population: Only 12 patients in the thiamine group and 18 patients in the placebo group had atleast 60 minutes of metabolic data in the first 48 hours after study drug administration

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
ThiamineGlobal Oxygen Consumption3.52 Area under the Curve VO2 (mL/kg/min)Standard Deviation 1.5
PlaceboGlobal Oxygen Consumption3.93 Area under the Curve VO2 (mL/kg/min)Standard Deviation 1.05
Comparison: As AUC-VO2s turned out to be normally distributed, we used a linear regression model to compare mean AUC-VO2s between treatment groups controlling for average temperature.p-value: 0.4395% CI: [-1.34, 0.58]Regression, Linear
Secondary

Lactate

Absolute Blood Level of Lactate

Time frame: 72 hours

Population: Thirty-two patients (thirteen in the placebo arm and nineteen in the thiamine arm) missing 72-hour lactate as they had expired prior to the 72-hour timepoint.~In addition, two more patients in the placebo arm alive at 72 hours were missing 72-hour lactate due to health care provider request/patient refusal.~No imputation was done for this secondary outcome.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
ThiamineLactate1.3 mmol/L
PlaceboLactate1.3 mmol/L
Comparison: Wilcoxon rank-sum test, testing the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the distribution of 72-hour lactates between thiamine and placebo groups.p-value: 0.88Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary

Mortality

Mortality in the study assessed at three timepoints.

Time frame: will be assessed at hospital discharge and up to 30 and 90 days.

Population: For 90-day mortality, two patients from the placebo arm were not reachable for follow-up and thus are missing this information.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
ThiamineMortalityDischarge mortality30 Participants
ThiamineMortality30-day mortality30 Participants
ThiamineMortality90-day mortality30 Participants
PlaceboMortalityDischarge mortality23 Participants
PlaceboMortality30-day mortality24 Participants
PlaceboMortality90-day mortality24 Participants
Secondary

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Activity

Absolute PDH Activity Value

Time frame: 72 hours

Population: Only 20 patients from the thiamine group and 16 patients from the placebo group were alive and had PDH activity available at 72 hours.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
ThiaminePyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Activity8.63 mini OD unit/min/mg protein
PlaceboPyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Activity5.65 mini OD unit/min/mg protein
p-value: 0.04495% CI: [0.1, 4.7]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Quantity

Absolute PDH Quantity. Please note that the measurement of Absolute PDH Quantity is done using a relative quantity assay, and that PDH is an enzyme and not a stable protein; therefore the units of measure cannot be provided in mg and are instead listed in mini OD unit/min/mg protein.

Time frame: 72 hours

Population: Only 20 patients from the thiamine group and 15 patients from the placebo group were alive and had PDH quantity available at 72 hours.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
ThiaminePyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Quantity588.05 mini OD unit/min/mg protein
PlaceboPyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Quantity695.55 mini OD unit/min/mg protein
p-value: 0.82895% CI: [-297, 200]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Specific Activity

Absolute PDH specific activity value

Time frame: 72 hours

Population: Only 20 patients from the thiamine group and 15 patients from the placebo group were alive and had PDH specific activity available at 72 hours.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
ThiaminePyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Specific Activity1.55 Ratio [PDH activity/ln(PDH quantity)]
PlaceboPyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Specific Activity0.97 Ratio [PDH activity/ln(PDH quantity)]
p-value: 0.07295% CI: [0.01, 0.8]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score

SOFA score over time. SOFA score: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score, ranges from 0-24, higher scores mean worse outcomes.

Time frame: over 72 hours

Population: 13 patients in the placebo arm and 19 patients in the thiamine arm missing 72-hour SOFA scores as they had expired by this timepoint.~3 additional patients in the placebo arm were alive at 72-hours but are still missing 72-hour SOFA scores because one or more component scores required to calculate the SOFA scores were missing.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
ThiamineSequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score9 score on a scale
PlaceboSequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score6 score on a scale
p-value: 0.195% CI: [0.47, 4.22]Mixed Models Analysis

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 5, 2026