Cardiac Arrest
Conditions
Keywords
cardiac arrest, post-arrest
Brief summary
This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study to investigate the effect of intravenous thiamine (vitamin B1) on lactate, cellular oxygen consumption, global oxygen consumption and biomarkers of neurologic injury after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). .
Detailed description
This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study to investigate the effect of intravenous thiamine (vitamin B1) on lactate, cellular oxygen consumption, global oxygen consumption and biomarkers of neurologic injury after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Patients who have sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after OHCA and have a lactate of 3 or greater will be eligible for the study. Enrolled patients will be randomized to intravenous thiamine 500mg twice daily for 5 doses or matching placebo (100cc normal saline). Blood will be drawn at several time points and patients will be connected to a noninvasive monitor for continuous measurement of global oxygen consumption. The primary endpoint is change in lactate level. Secondary endpoints include change in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, change in cellular and global oxygen consumption, change in NSE and S100 (biomarkers of neurologic injury) and CPC-E score (a score that assesses neurologic and functional impairment) at hospital discharge, 30 and 90 days.
Interventions
Thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) 500mg IV will be given every 12 hours for 5 doses in the experimental arm.
100mL of intravenous normal saline will be given every 12hours for 5 doses in the placebo arm
Sponsors
Study design
Masking description
A randomization list was prepared by an independent statistician using 1:1 randomization in blocks of four. This list will be provided to the research pharmacy, and the research pharmacy will be the only unblinded people involved with the study, and will have no patient contact or role in the analysis or other aspects of the study. Thiamine is colorless and odorless, and the 500mg dose is mixed in 100mL of normal saline. Placebo will be 100mL of normal saline and is indistinguishable in appearance from thiamine. Study team, clinical team and patient and family will all be blind to the allocation.
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Adult patient (age ≥ 18 years) * Cardiac arrest occurring with sustained (\> 20 minutes) return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) * Within 4.5 hours of cardiac arrest event * Lactate \>/=3
Exclusion criteria
* Clinical indication for thiamine administration (alcoholism, known or highly suspected deficiency) or treatment with thiamine beyond the amount found in a standard multivitamin within the last 10 days * Traumatic etiology of arrest * Comfort measures only or anticipated withdrawal of support within 24 hours * Protected populations (pregnant women, prisoners) * Known allergy to thiamine
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lactate | 24 hours | Blood Lactate Over Time |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lactate | 72 hours | Absolute Blood Level of Lactate |
| Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Specific Activity | 72 hours | Absolute PDH specific activity value |
| Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Activity | 72 hours | Absolute PDH Activity Value |
| Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Quantity | 72 hours | Absolute PDH Quantity. Please note that the measurement of Absolute PDH Quantity is done using a relative quantity assay, and that PDH is an enzyme and not a stable protein; therefore the units of measure cannot be provided in mg and are instead listed in mini OD unit/min/mg protein. |
| Creatinine | 72 hours | Creatinine over Time |
| Global Oxygen Consumption | 48 hours | Global Oxygen Consumption over Time |
| Favorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) | will be assessed up to 30 and 90 days | Count/Proportion of Patients Scoring a Favorable CPC, defined as a score of 1 or 2. Cerebral performance category scores range from 1-5. Lower scores mean better outcomes. |
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score | over 72 hours | SOFA score over time. SOFA score: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score, ranges from 0-24, higher scores mean worse outcomes. |
| Acute Renal Failure | First 7 days following Arrest | Determined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for Stage 3 acute kidney injury/kidney failure. |
| Cellular Oxygen Consumption | 0 hours and 24 hours. | Absolute Cellular Oxygen Consumption Rate: We use two measures to capture Oxygen Consumption Rate; the basal respiration and the maximal respiration. |
| Biomarkers of Neurologic Injury | various time points over 7 days | S100 and NSE levels at various time points |
| Mortality | will be assessed at hospital discharge and up to 30 and 90 days. | Mortality in the study assessed at three timepoints. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Thiamine Patients randomized to the thiamine arm will receive thiamine 500mg in 100mL of normal saline intravenously every 12 hours for 5 doses. Patients will be connected to a noninvasive monitor for measurement of global oxygen consumption (VO2) for at least 48 hours or until extubated, whichever comes first. Blood will be drawn at 0,6,12,24,72 and 168 hours for measurement of lactate, thiamine level, pyruvate dehydrogenase, NSE, S100 and other markers of organ injury. CPC-E score will be assessed prior to hospital discharge and at 30 and 90 days to evaluate differences in neurologic and functional impairment.
Thiamine 500 mg IV: Thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) 500mg IV will be given every 12 hours for 5 doses in the experimental arm. | 40 |
| Placebo Patients randomized to placebo will receive 100mL normal saline intravenously every 12 hours for 5 doses. All other aspects of the protocol will be the same as in the experimental arm. Patients will be connected to a noninvasive monitor for measurement of global oxygen consumption (VO2) for at least 48 hours or until extubated, whichever comes first. Blood will be drawn at 0,6,12,24,72 and 168 hours for measurement of lactate, thiamine level, pyruvate dehydrogenase, NSE, S100 and other markers of organ injury. CPC-E score will be assessed prior to hospital discharge and at 30 and 90 days to evaluate differences in neurologic and functional impairment.
Placebo: 100mL of intravenous normal saline will be given every 12hours for 5 doses in the placebo arm | 36 |
| Total | 76 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Evidence of traumatic brain injury | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Family/patient goals of care | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Following commands | 0 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Indication for thiamine | 1 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Indication for thiamine + head CT results | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Lactate < 3.5 | 0 | 2 |
| Overall Study | Outside enrollment window | 4 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Rearrest with ECMO | 0 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Thiamine | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 68.5 years | 65.5 years | 66.5 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 14 Participants | 20 Participants | 34 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 24 Participants | 14 Participants | 38 Participants |
| Initial Rhythm Asystole | 9 Participants | 10 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Initial Rhythm Pulseless electrical activity | 15 Participants | 13 Participants | 28 Participants |
| Initial Rhythm Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Initial Rhythm Unknown Non-Shockable | 3 Participants | 2 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Initial Rhythm Unknown Shockable | 4 Participants | 5 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Initial Rhythm Ventricular Fibrillation | 6 Participants | 5 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Asian | 3 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Black | 6 Participants | 3 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Other | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Unknown | 21 Participants | 14 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race White | 10 Participants | 17 Participants | 27 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 15 Participants | 16 Participants | 31 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 25 Participants | 20 Participants | 45 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 30 / 40 | 24 / 36 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 40 | 0 / 36 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 40 | 0 / 36 |
Outcome results
Lactate
Blood Lactate Over Time
Time frame: 24 hours
Population: Seventeen patients (six in the placebo arm and eleven in the thiamine arm) missing 24-hour lactate as they had expired by this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Lactate | 1.8 mmol/L |
| Placebo | Lactate | 2.2 mmol/L |
Acute Renal Failure
Determined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for Stage 3 acute kidney injury/kidney failure.
Time frame: First 7 days following Arrest
Population: Three patients from the placebo arm and one from the thiamine arm were excluded from the renal failure analyses due to pre-arrest end-stage renal disease requiring dialyses.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Acute Renal Failure | 9 Participants |
| Placebo | Acute Renal Failure | 3 Participants |
Biomarkers of Neurologic Injury
S100 and NSE levels at various time points
Time frame: various time points over 7 days
Population: Biomarker assays not run in the laboratory at this time
Cellular Oxygen Consumption
Absolute Cellular Oxygen Consumption Rate: We use two measures to capture Oxygen Consumption Rate; the basal respiration and the maximal respiration.
Time frame: 0 hours and 24 hours.
Population: Two patients from the thiamine group had a thiamine value \>1200 and were excluded.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Cellular Oxygen Consumption | Basal respiration-0 hours | 5.6 pmol/min/mg protein |
| Thiamine | Cellular Oxygen Consumption | Maximal respiration-0 hours | 19.3 pmol/min/mg protein |
| Thiamine | Cellular Oxygen Consumption | Basal respiration-24 hours | 5.5 pmol/min/mg protein |
| Thiamine | Cellular Oxygen Consumption | Maximal respiration-24 hours | 14.7 pmol/min/mg protein |
| Placebo | Cellular Oxygen Consumption | Maximal respiration-24 hours | 16.1 pmol/min/mg protein |
| Placebo | Cellular Oxygen Consumption | Basal respiration-0 hours | 4.8 pmol/min/mg protein |
| Placebo | Cellular Oxygen Consumption | Basal respiration-24 hours | 4.7 pmol/min/mg protein |
| Placebo | Cellular Oxygen Consumption | Maximal respiration-0 hours | 11.9 pmol/min/mg protein |
Creatinine
Creatinine over Time
Time frame: 72 hours
Population: Thirty-two patients (thirteen in the placebo arm and nineteen in the thiamine arm) missing 72-hour creatinine as they had expired prior to the 72-hour timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Creatinine | 1.9 mg/dL |
| Placebo | Creatinine | 1.1 mg/dL |
Favorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)
Count/Proportion of Patients Scoring a Favorable CPC, defined as a score of 1 or 2. Cerebral performance category scores range from 1-5. Lower scores mean better outcomes.
Time frame: will be assessed up to 30 and 90 days
Population: Two patients, both from placebo arm, did not have 30 day CPC scores available. Four patients, all from the placebo arm, did not have 90 day CPC scores available.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Favorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) | Favorable Discharge CPC (1-2) | 8 Participants |
| Thiamine | Favorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) | Favorable 30-day CPC (1-2) | 9 Participants |
| Thiamine | Favorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) | Favorable 90-day CPC (1-2) | 9 Participants |
| Placebo | Favorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) | Favorable Discharge CPC (1-2) | 10 Participants |
| Placebo | Favorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) | Favorable 30-day CPC (1-2) | 9 Participants |
| Placebo | Favorable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) | Favorable 90-day CPC (1-2) | 7 Participants |
Global Oxygen Consumption
Global Oxygen Consumption over Time
Time frame: 48 hours
Population: Only 12 patients in the thiamine group and 18 patients in the placebo group had atleast 60 minutes of metabolic data in the first 48 hours after study drug administration
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Global Oxygen Consumption | 3.52 Area under the Curve VO2 (mL/kg/min) | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Placebo | Global Oxygen Consumption | 3.93 Area under the Curve VO2 (mL/kg/min) | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
Lactate
Absolute Blood Level of Lactate
Time frame: 72 hours
Population: Thirty-two patients (thirteen in the placebo arm and nineteen in the thiamine arm) missing 72-hour lactate as they had expired prior to the 72-hour timepoint.~In addition, two more patients in the placebo arm alive at 72 hours were missing 72-hour lactate due to health care provider request/patient refusal.~No imputation was done for this secondary outcome.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Lactate | 1.3 mmol/L |
| Placebo | Lactate | 1.3 mmol/L |
Mortality
Mortality in the study assessed at three timepoints.
Time frame: will be assessed at hospital discharge and up to 30 and 90 days.
Population: For 90-day mortality, two patients from the placebo arm were not reachable for follow-up and thus are missing this information.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Mortality | Discharge mortality | 30 Participants |
| Thiamine | Mortality | 30-day mortality | 30 Participants |
| Thiamine | Mortality | 90-day mortality | 30 Participants |
| Placebo | Mortality | Discharge mortality | 23 Participants |
| Placebo | Mortality | 30-day mortality | 24 Participants |
| Placebo | Mortality | 90-day mortality | 24 Participants |
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Activity
Absolute PDH Activity Value
Time frame: 72 hours
Population: Only 20 patients from the thiamine group and 16 patients from the placebo group were alive and had PDH activity available at 72 hours.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Activity | 8.63 mini OD unit/min/mg protein |
| Placebo | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Activity | 5.65 mini OD unit/min/mg protein |
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Quantity
Absolute PDH Quantity. Please note that the measurement of Absolute PDH Quantity is done using a relative quantity assay, and that PDH is an enzyme and not a stable protein; therefore the units of measure cannot be provided in mg and are instead listed in mini OD unit/min/mg protein.
Time frame: 72 hours
Population: Only 20 patients from the thiamine group and 15 patients from the placebo group were alive and had PDH quantity available at 72 hours.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Quantity | 588.05 mini OD unit/min/mg protein |
| Placebo | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Quantity | 695.55 mini OD unit/min/mg protein |
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Specific Activity
Absolute PDH specific activity value
Time frame: 72 hours
Population: Only 20 patients from the thiamine group and 15 patients from the placebo group were alive and had PDH specific activity available at 72 hours.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Specific Activity | 1.55 Ratio [PDH activity/ln(PDH quantity)] |
| Placebo | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Specific Activity | 0.97 Ratio [PDH activity/ln(PDH quantity)] |
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score
SOFA score over time. SOFA score: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score, ranges from 0-24, higher scores mean worse outcomes.
Time frame: over 72 hours
Population: 13 patients in the placebo arm and 19 patients in the thiamine arm missing 72-hour SOFA scores as they had expired by this timepoint.~3 additional patients in the placebo arm were alive at 72-hours but are still missing 72-hour SOFA scores because one or more component scores required to calculate the SOFA scores were missing.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score | 9 score on a scale |
| Placebo | Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score | 6 score on a scale |