Lower Respiratory Tract Infection, Pneumonia Childhood
Conditions
Keywords
pneumonia, pre-school children, antibiotics, amoxicillin
Brief summary
This study evaluates the effect of amoxicillin in the treatment of lower airway infections in preschool children. Half of the patients will receive amoxicillin, while the other half will receive placebo.
Detailed description
The overall objective of the study is to determine if antibiotic therapy is beneficial in children with pneumonia who do not have a highly suspicious bacterial infection, such as in lobar pneumonia. Secondary objective is to determine whether antibiotic use influence the microbial flora, including antibiotic resistance, in the airways in the short or medium long term. The study is a phase IV double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, nationwide, randomized superiority trial of amoxicillin versus placebo in children aged 1-5 years of age with a lower respiratory infection.
Interventions
DRUGAmoxicillin
Imacillin mixture
DRUGPlacebos
Placebo manufactured to mimic amoxicillin mixture (Imacillin)
Sponsors
Ostfold Hospital Trust
Helse Stavanger HF
Haukeland University Hospital
Alesund Hospital
St. Olavs Hospital
Nordlandssykehuset HF
University Hospital of North Norway
University Hospital, Akershus
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Klinbeforsk
Oslo University Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
The study is a phase IV double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, nationwide, randomized superiority trial of amoxicillin versus placebo in children aged 1-5 years of age with a lower respiratory infection.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
12 Months to 59 Months
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Age 12-59 months 2. Fever: a. Temperature ≥ 38.0 at inclusion or reported within the last 24 hours 3. Tachypnoe, age specific 12-17mnd ≥ 46 breaths per minute 18-23mnd ≥ 40 breaths per minute 24-35mnd ≥ 34 breaths per minute 36-47mnd ≥ 29 breaths per minute 48-59mnd ≥ 27 breaths per minute 4. ≥ 1 sign of lower airway inflammation 1. Cough (at inclusion or reported within the last 6 hours) 2. Chest retractions (jugular, intercoastally or subcoastally) 3. Grunting respiration 4. Nasal flaring 5. Crepitations by pulmonary auscultation 6. Hypoxia (SpO2 ≤ 90%) 5. Weight between 6.0 and 28.0 kg. • Signed informed consent and expected cooperation of the patients for the treatment and follow up must be obtained and documented according to ICH GCP, and national/local regulations
Exclusion criteria
1. Clinical suspicion of bacterial pneumonia based upon a temperature ≥39.0°C and at least one of the following: 1. Bronchial breathing sounds 2. Unilaterally decreased breath sounds or unilateral percussion dullness 3. Pulmonary lobar consolidation and/or radiological high suspicion of empyema on chest x-ray if this is obtained prior to inclusion in the trial. 2. Evidence of any bacterial infection requiring systemic antibiotics, including, but not exclusively: 1. Clinical septicaemia 2. Urinary tract infection 3. Meningitis 3. Systemic antibiotics received within the last 7 days 4. Pulmonary lobar consolidation and/or radiological high suspicion of empyema on chest x-ray if this is obtained prior to inclusion in the trial. 5. History of any serious underlying disease that can increase the risk of bacterial pulmonary infections, including but not limited to: 1. Haematological or oncological 2. Immunodeficiency 3. Congenital heart disease 4. Neuromuscular impairment 5. Development disorder, including Downs syndrome 6. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, poorly controlled asthma or other severe chronic lung diseases 6. Signs of lower obstructive airways with both of the following present by auscultation: 1. prolonged expiration and 2. generalised expiratory wheeze 7. Stridor by auscultation. 8. History of known or suspected adverse reactions to amoxicillin, or any other betalactam 9. Participating in another trial that might affect the current study 10. Any reason why, in the opinion of the investigator, the patient should not participate (e.g. not able to comply with study procedures)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Therapy Failure | Within 7 days after inclusion | Therapy failure as defined by attending physician, leading to end of intervention and administration of open-label antibiotics |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Thereapy failure leading to intravenous antibiotic therapy | Within 7 days after inclusion | Therapy failure as defined by attending physician, leading to intravenous antibiotic therapy |
| Duration of fever | Up to 21 days after inclusion | Duration of fever |
| Duration of symptoms of pneumonia | Up to 21 days after inclusion | Duration of cough or respiratory distress (tachypnoe, retractions, grunting respiration or nasal flaring. |
Countries
Norway
Contacts
Primary ContactHåvard O Skjerven, PhD
Backup ContactPer Kristian Knudsen, MD
Outcome results
None listed