Development and Validation of the Periodontal Aesthetic Perception Scale in Patients With Periodontal Problems

Status

Completed

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT03436537

Enrollment

100

Registered

2018-02-19

Start date

2017-01-02

Completion date

2017-12-01

Last updated

2018-02-19

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Gingival Enlargement, Gingival Recession

Keywords

aesthetic, development, periodontal, reliability, validity

Brief summary

Aesthetics for individuals become increasingly important, while the aesthetic effects of periodontal disease is an important issue that should be assessed by the patient's perception. The results demonstrate that the periodontal aesthetic perception scale showed reliable and valid scores in healthy controls and periodontal patients. The periodontal aesthetic perception scale may be an appropriate tool to assess periodontal esthetic in clinical and research settings.

Detailed description

Aim: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a periodontal aesthetic specific tool to assess aesthetic conditions perceived by patients with periodontal problems. Methods: With patient interviews were identified a total of 22 statements that describe the non-aesthetic gingival appearance. These 22 items were reviewed by the dentists and then Periodontologists and the number of items in the survey was reduced to 7. Subsequently, three groups of patients were included in the study: Gingival recession (GR) group, gingival enlargement (GE) group and periodontal healthy (H) group. Consequently, the validity and reliability of the periodontal aesthetic perception scale (PAPS) were examined. Results: According to the results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), 1 item was removed from the scale. The final 6-item questionnaire was shown to have a two-domain structure. Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale was .766. The interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) values were between 0.98 and 1.00, demonstrating excellent agreement. Overall, these findings indicated that the PAPS has good reliability. Conclusion: This reliable, valid and short questionnaire specific to aesthetic conditions perceived by patients with periodontal problems may serve as a valued instrument in future clinical trials.

Interventions

OTHERPeriodontal Aesthetic Perception Scale

Patients answered the self-reported 7-item questionnaire for Periodontal aesthetic perception scale

Study design

Observational model

CASE_CONTROL

Time perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

18 Years to 65 Years

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

for gingival recession group: \- The presence of gingival recession (Miller Class I, II, III, or IV) in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Inclusion criteria for gingival enlargement group: -The presence of gingival enlargement (Grade 0, I, II, III, or IV) in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth.

Exclusion criteria

for all groups: * The presence of prosthesis, tooth loss or caries in the anterior teeth * The precence of the psychological or systemic disease

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Validity of PAPS	6 months	The KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) test produced a value of 0.80, which was greater than the recommended threshold value of 0.50.

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026