Injuries
Conditions
Brief summary
This pilot study seeks to determine if exposure to the firearm safety public service announcement (PSA) developed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is associated with changes in related beliefs and safe storage practices. Participants are randomly assigned to message exposure or control conditions. Data from this project will inform injury prevention outreach efforts targeted towards Veteran populations.
Interventions
OTHERExposure to firearm safety PSA
Exposed to firearm safety PSA
OTHERExposure to health promotion PSA
Exposed to general health promotion PSA
Sponsors
Canandaigua VA Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 89 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Veterans of all gender/sex, race/ethnicities * Living in United States * Fluent in English language * Capable of understanding the goals of the study * Possess computer/internet access
Exclusion criteria
* Not a U.S. Veteran living in the United States * Determined to be cognitively impaired * Currently institutionalized (e.g., hospitalized; incarcerated, etc.) * Do not possess computer/internet access
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | baseline | Number of participants with self-reported response to belief that safe storage of household firearms is effective for reducing injury or death. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Baseline | baseline | Number of participants at baseline with self-reported safe household firearm storage (restricted to participants with self-reported firearm access) |
| Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Exit | 3 weeks post-baseline | Number of participants at exit with self-reported safe household firearm storage (restricted to participants with self-reported firearm access) |
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Exposure to Firearm Safety Public Service Announcement (PSA) Exposure to the firearm safety PSA (approx. 2.5 minutes long) once per week for 3 weeks.
Exposure to firearm safety PSA: Exposed to firearm safety PSA | 115 |
| Exposure to a Mix of PSAs Exposure to a general health promotion video (approx. 2 minutes long) 1 week post-randomization followed by exposure to firearm safety PSA at 2- and 3-weeks post-randomization.
Exposure to firearm safety PSA: Exposed to firearm safety PSA
Exposure to health promotion PSA: Exposed to general health promotion PSA | 133 |
| Active Control Exposure to the general health promotion video once per week for 3 weeks.
Exposure to health promotion PSA: Exposed to general health promotion PSA | 110 |
| Total | 358 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Exposure to Firearm Safety Public Service Announcement (PSA) | Exposure to a Mix of PSAs | Active Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized Age 18-59 yrs old | 50 Participants | 58 Participants | 48 Participants | 156 Participants |
| Age, Customized Age 60-69 yrs old | 29 Participants | 33 Participants | 28 Participants | 90 Participants |
| Age, Customized Age 70+ years old | 36 Participants | 42 Participants | 34 Participants | 112 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized race Non-white | 18 Participants | 20 Participants | 18 Participants | 56 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized race white | 97 Participants | 113 Participants | 92 Participants | 302 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized female | 11 Participants | 13 Participants | 11 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized male | 104 Participants | 120 Participants | 99 Participants | 323 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 115 | 0 / 133 | 0 / 110 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 115 | 0 / 133 | 0 / 110 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 115 | 0 / 133 | 0 / 110 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief
Number of participants with self-reported response to belief that safe storage of household firearms is effective for reducing injury or death.
Time frame: baseline
Population: Analyses were restricted to participants that completed both baseline and exit surveys. Descriptive statistics were tabulated by frequencies and weighted percentages or mean and standard deviation, as appropriate.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to Firearm Safety PSA | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Agree | 66 Participants |
| Exposure to Firearm Safety PSA | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Disagree | 49 Participants |
| Exposure to a Mix of PSAs | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Agree | 73 Participants |
| Exposure to a Mix of PSAs | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Disagree | 60 Participants |
| Active Control | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Agree | 57 Participants |
| Active Control | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Disagree | 53 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief
Number of participants with self-reported response to belief that safe storage of household firearms is effective for reducing injury or death.
Time frame: 3 weeks post-baseline
Population: Analyses were restricted to participants that completed both baseline and exit surveys. Descriptive statistics were tabulated by frequencies and weighted percentages or mean and standard deviation, as appropriate.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to Firearm Safety PSA | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Agree | 71 Participants |
| Exposure to Firearm Safety PSA | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Disagree | 44 Participants |
| Exposure to a Mix of PSAs | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Agree | 79 Participants |
| Exposure to a Mix of PSAs | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Disagree | 54 Participants |
| Active Control | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Agree | 64 Participants |
| Active Control | Number of Participants With Self-reported Injury Prevention Belief | Disagree | 46 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Baseline
Number of participants at baseline with self-reported safe household firearm storage (restricted to participants with self-reported firearm access)
Time frame: baseline
Population: Analyses were restricted to participants that reported firearm access. Descriptive statistics were tabulated by frequencies and weighted percentages or mean and standard deviation, as appropriate.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to Firearm Safety PSA | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Baseline | Safe storage (yes) | 8 Participants |
| Exposure to Firearm Safety PSA | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Baseline | safe storage (no) | 56 Participants |
| Exposure to a Mix of PSAs | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Baseline | Safe storage (yes) | 23 Participants |
| Exposure to a Mix of PSAs | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Baseline | safe storage (no) | 48 Participants |
| Active Control | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Baseline | Safe storage (yes) | 24 Participants |
| Active Control | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Baseline | safe storage (no) | 36 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Exit
Number of participants at exit with self-reported safe household firearm storage (restricted to participants with self-reported firearm access)
Time frame: 3 weeks post-baseline
Population: Analyses were restricted to participants that reported firearm access. Descriptive statistics were tabulated by frequencies and weighted percentages or mean and standard deviation, as appropriate.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to Firearm Safety PSA | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Exit | safely stored (yes) | 7 Participants |
| Exposure to Firearm Safety PSA | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Exit | safely stored (no) | 57 Participants |
| Exposure to a Mix of PSAs | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Exit | safely stored (yes) | 25 Participants |
| Exposure to a Mix of PSAs | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Exit | safely stored (no) | 46 Participants |
| Active Control | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Exit | safely stored (yes) | 23 Participants |
| Active Control | Number of Participants Who Self-reported Firearm Storage Behavior at Exit | safely stored (no) | 37 Participants |