Immunologic Determinants of Response to Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Advanced Melanoma (MK-3475-161/KEYNOTE-161)

An Open-Label, Phase II Study to Determine the Immunologic Correlates of Pembrolizumab-Mediated Tumor Regression in Subjects With Advanced Melanoma (KEYNOTE-161)

Status

Terminated

Phases

Phase 2

Study type

Interventional

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT03407170

Enrollment

Registered

2018-01-23

Start date

2018-06-28

Completion date

2019-08-14

Last updated

2020-07-15

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Advanced Melanoma

Keywords

Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1), PD1, Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 2 (PD-L2), PDL1, PDL2

Brief summary

In this study, participants with advanced melanoma will be treated with pembrolizumab (MK-3475) and their tumors and blood will be analyzed for changes related to pembrolizumab therapy. The primary hypotheses are that participants who respond to pembrolizumab have: 1. a higher fraction of cytotoxic tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (FCT) at baseline compared to those who do not respond to pembrolizumab 2. a higher fold-increase in FCT compared to baseline than those who do not respond to pembrolizumab 3. a higher Average Specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Frequency Ratio (ASCTFR) compared to those who do not respond to pembrolizumab

Interventions

BIOLOGICALpembrolizumab

200 mg by IV infusion Q3W for up to 24 months

Study design

Allocation

Intervention model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

18 Years to No maximum

Healthy volunteers

Inclusion criteria

* Has a histologically confirmed diagnosis of unresectable stage III or metastatic melanoma not amenable to local therapy * Has testing for a BRAF mutation prior to study entry * Has measurable disease per RECIST 1.1 as assessed by the investigator/radiology * Has resolution of toxic effect(s) of the most recent prior chemotherapy to Grade 1 or less (except alopecia). If the participant received major surgery or radiation therapy of \>30 Gray units, they must have recovered from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention * Has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 within 10 days of study start * A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies: is not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) OR is a WOCBP and agrees to use a contraceptive method, consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies, during the treatment period and for at least 120 days after the last dose of study treatment * A male participant is eligible to participate if he agrees not to donate sperm PLUS to be abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle OR agree to use contraception, consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies, during the treatment period and for at least 120 days after the last dose of study treatment

Exclusion criteria

* Has disease that is suitable for local therapy administered with curative intent * Has a history of interstitial lung disease * Has a positive pregnancy test within 72 hours before the first dose of study therapy * Has received prior therapy with an anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), anti-Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), anti-Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 2 (PD-L2) agent or with an agent directed to another stimulatory or co-inhibitory T-cell receptor (eg, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 \[CTLA-4\], OX-40, CD137) * Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy including investigational agents within 4 weeks prior to study start * Has received prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study therapy * Has received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study therapy * Has received transfusion of blood products (including platelets or red blood cells) or administration of colony stimulating factors (including granulocyte colony stimulating factor \[G-CSF\], granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor \[GMCSF\] or recombinant erythropoietin) within 4 weeks prior to study start * Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study therapy * Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior the first dose of study therapy * Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the past 3 years with the exception of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, transitional cell carcinoma of urothelial cancer, or carcinoma in situ (eg, breast carcinoma, cervical cancer in situ) that have undergone potentially curative therapy * Has known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis * Has severe hypersensitivity (≥Grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients * Has an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2 years * Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or has current pneumonitis * Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy * Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection * Has a known history of Hepatitis B (defined as Hepatitis B surface antigen \[HBsAg\] reactive) or known active Hepatitis C virus (defined as HCV RNA \[qualitative\] is detected) infection * Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the study, interfere with the participant's participation for the full duration of the study, or is not in the best interest of the participant to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator * Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperating with the requirements of the study * Is pregnant or breastfeeding or expecting to conceive or father children starting with the screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Mean Fraction of Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (FCT) for Participants With Response Versus Participants With Progression	Up to approximately 59 weeks	FCT is defined as the fraction of CD8+ T-cells expressing a predefined single-cell ribonucleic acid (RNA) gene signature to the total tumor infiltrating CD8+T-cells isolated from tumor biopsies.
Average Specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Frequency Ratio (ASCTFR) for Participants With Response Versus Participants With Progression	Up to approximately 59 weeks	ASCTFR is defined as the arithmetic average of the log10 ratio of the frequency of individual specific cytotoxic T-Cell Receptor (TCR) clones of on-treatment to pre-treatment.
Change in Baseline of Fraction of Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (FCT) for Participants With Response Versus Participants With Progression	Up to approximately 59 weeks	The fold change from baseline in FCT. FCT is defined as the fraction of CD8+ T-cells expressing a predefined single-cell RNA gene signature to the total tumor infiltrating CD8+T-cells isolated from tumor biopsies.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Progression-free Survival (PFS) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.1	Up to approximately 59 weeks	PFS is defined as the time from start of treatment to the first documented progressive disease (PD) or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first, per RECIST Version 1.1 as assessed by the investigator.
Overall Survival (OS)	Up to approximately 59 weeks	OS is defined as the time from the start of treatment to death due to any cause.
Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)	Up to approximately 59 weeks	An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study treatment. The number of participants who experienced an AE is presented.
Antigenic Determinants of Highly-functional CD8 + T-cell Clones	Up to approximately 59 weeks	T-cell receptors (TCRs) from CD8+ T-cell clones will be identified by single cell ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing (scRNAseq) and their killing function will be confirmed by TCR-transduced T-cells recognizing autologous tumor-derived cell lines.
Neoepitope Burden	Up to approximately 59 weeks	Neoepitope sequencing will be generated based on single cell ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing (scRNAseq), whole exome sequencing, and an epitope prediction algorithm to obtain neoepitope burden.
Number of Participants Who Discontinued Any Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event (AE)	Up to approximately 59 weeks	The number of participants who discontinued any study treatment due to an AE is presented.
Overall Response Rate (ORR) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.1	Up to approximately 59 weeks	ORR is defined as the percentage of participants in the analysis population who have a Complete Response (CR: Disappearance of all target lesions) or a Partial Response (PR: ≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions) per RECIST Version 1.1 as assessed by the investigator.

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

Arm	Count
Pembrolizumab Participants received pembrolizumab 200 mg by IV infusion Q3W.	0
Total	0

Withdrawals & dropouts

Period	Reason	FG000
Overall Study	Adverse Event	1

Adverse events

Event type	EG000 affected / at risk
deaths Total, all-cause mortality	0 / 0
other Total, other adverse events	0 / 0
serious Total, serious adverse events	0 / 0

Outcome results

Primary

Average Specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Frequency Ratio (ASCTFR) for Participants With Response Versus Participants With Progression

ASCTFR is defined as the arithmetic average of the log10 ratio of the frequency of individual specific cytotoxic T-Cell Receptor (TCR) clones of on-treatment to pre-treatment.