Prediabetes
Conditions
Keywords
Veterans, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Prediabetes, Secure Messaging, Health Promotion, Prevention and Control, Motivation
Brief summary
This study will evaluate a VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging intervention that uses different intervention messaging strategies designed to increase engagement in behaviors to prevent type 2 diabetes. The investigators will enroll 144 eligible Veterans into a 12-week MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging intervention. Eligible Veterans include those who are currently using MyHealtheVet secure messaging, meet inclusion/exclusion criteria, and have received an HbA1c test within the last 6 months that meets the ADA/CDC classification for prediabetes. Study participants will be surveyed about their engagement in behaviors to prevent TDM2 and mediators of this engagement. After completing a baseline survey, participants will be randomly assigned to receive different novel presentations of information about ways to prevent T2DM through both Secure Messaging and US Mail. The investigators will test the 5 presentations that each: (1) represent an innovative approach from behavioral economics or health psychology with great promise to increase engagement in behaviors to prevent T2DM among patients with prediabetes; and (2) have not been tested in this setting.
Detailed description
There is tremendous national enthusiasm for translating and disseminating efficacious strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Yet, little attention has been devoted to how the investigators can better leverage the processes through which patients receive information about prevention of T2DM to better engage them in such prevention. Further, despite efforts to disseminate structured programs, many patients at high risk for developing T2DM may still be unable or unwilling to access them. In these cases, increasing patient engagement in individually directed lifestyle change or pharmacotherapy is critical. Strategies developed in the fields of behavioral economics and health psychology hold significant promise for improving Veteran engagement in each of these approaches. To date, however, these strategies have rarely been translated into real-world settings where they could benefit Veterans. This novel work will address this critical gap and could transform communication with Veterans about prevention in ways that will improve their health outcomes. The following 5 strategies will be implemented in the weekly messages that study participants will receive: (1) tailoring to aspirations in life; (2) implementation intentions; (3) preference checklists; (4) urgency framing; (5) social norms. The investigators will implement these strategies alone and in combination in a 16-arm factorial design experiment.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALINVENT Secure Messaging Intervention
We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive.
Sponsors
VA Office of Research and Development
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Investigator)
Intervention model description
The investigators will use a factorial design to test the main effects and a limited number of interaction effects of 5 messaging strategies.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
No minimum to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. HbA1c test within the past 6 months that meets the ADA/CDC requirements for prediabetes. 2. Currently registered in the VA's MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging System 3. Receiving care within the Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System
Exclusion criteria
1. Completed more than 4 VA MOVE! classes in the last year (or other evidence of another recent weight loss program) 2. Are trying to lose weight and are very physically active 3. Are \>75 years of age 4. Are pregnant or plan to be 5. Are taking Metformin 6. Have participated in the FINDIT study (this study's predecessor under the same grant funding) 7. Have been hospitalized or received rehab for stroke or myocardial infarction within past 6 months 8. Have received chemotherapy for cancer in the past 6 months 9. Self-report or have any International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9/10) codes for: * Diabetes * Dementia * Major functional limitations * Cirrhosis * Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 4 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) * End stage renal disease (ESRD) * New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure (CHF)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | 3 months | The investigators will use survey and medical record data to evaluate changes in participants' engagement in recommended behaviors to prevent type 2 diabetes. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | 3 months | The investigators will use survey data to evaluate mean changes in level of importance of preventing diabetes from baseline to 3 months. The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) was included in the survey and respondents were asked about their level of perceived importance from 1 (Not at all important) to 10 (Extremely important). |
| Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | 3 months | The investigators will use medical record data and survey data to evaluate whether participants began the use of medication for T2DM prevention from baseline to 3 months. |
| Perception for Risk for T2DM | 3 months | The investigators will use survey data to evaluate mean changes in perception of risk for T2DM from baseline to 3 months. The Adriaanse T2DM Risk Perception Scale, which was included in the survey, measured self-assessed risk perception from 0 denoting no choice of developing T2DM to 100 denoting absolute confidence in developing T2DM |
| Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | 3 months | The investigators will use survey data to evaluate mean change in motivation level to prevent diabetes between baseline and 3-months. The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) was included in the survey and respondents were asked about their level of motivation from 1 (Not at all motivated) to 10 (Highly motivated). |
| Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | 3 months | The investigators will use survey data to evaluate how many participants enrolled in weight-related wellness programs from baseline to 3 months. |
| Weight Loss Behaviors | 3 months | The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in weight loss behaviors at the 3-month post intervention assessment. |
| Physical Activity | 3 months | The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in physical activity after the 3-month post intervention assessment. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to measure physical activity change. Respondents were asked to report how many hours and minutes within the past week they completed of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and brisk walking. The total sum of minutes for these three questions were subsequently coded into a yes/no binary variable for whether respondents met a recommended 150 minutes of overall physical activity within 7 days of being assessed. The values provided reflect a proportion of respondents that met or exceeded the 150 minute threshold of overall physical activity based on the newly generated variable that combined total minutes of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and brisk walking. |
| Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 3 months | The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in knowledge of strategies to prevent Type 2 Diabetes between baseline and 3-month assessment. Respondents were given 3 open-ended questions to report things they could do to prevent diabetes. Each respective response to the 3 questions were coded and scored according to whether they indicated engagement in the following activities: weight loss, physical activity, use of metformin, or enrollment into a diabetes prevention program. Each question denoted with a positive response were coded with 1 whereas those that did not were coded as a 0. The three questions were summed into a final score ranging from 0 (no report of engagement in the aforementioned healthy activities) with the worst outcome to 3 (a report of 3 of the 4 aforementioned healthy activities) with the best outcome. The final scores were generated based on the mean difference between baseline and 3-month scores. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Veterans that met preliminary study eligibility criteria were mailed a letter about the study and were contacted by a Research Assistant 7-10 days later by phone to gauge their participation interest.
Pre-assignment details
The population consisted of prediabetic Veterans ages 75 and younger, had access to VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Those that did not complete the Baseline Survey or did not have consistent internet access to use MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging were not randomized and thus excluded from analysis.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only Participants will only receive the stock messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with the urgency frame message strategy.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with the social norm messaging strategy.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with both the urgency frame and social norm messaging strategies.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with both the implementation intentions and urgency frame messaging strategies.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with both the implementation intentions and social norm messaging strategies.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with the implementation intentions, urgency frame, and social norm messaging strategies.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with the implementation intentions messaging strategy.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with both the preference checklists and urgency frame messaging strategies.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with both the preference checklists and social norm messaging strategies.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with the preference checklists, urgency frame, and social norm messaging strategies.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with the preference checklists messaging strategy.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with both the tailored aspirations and urgency frame messaging strategies.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with both the tailored aspirations and social norm messaging strategies.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with the tailored aspirations, urgency frame, and social norm messaging strategies.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations Participants will receive messages that encourage following recommended behaviors for reducing the risk for developing diabetes integrated with the tailored aspirations messaging strategy.
INVENT Secure Messaging Intervention: We are proposing a 12 week schedule of weekly Secure Messages and monthly mailings for this intervention. Each study arm represents different combinations of messages a participant will receive. | 9 |
| Total | 144 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 4 Participants | 7 Participants | 6 Participants | 5 Participants | 2 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 5 Participants | 5 Participants | 2 Participants | 6 Participants | 70 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 5 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants | 7 Participants | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 7 Participants | 6 Participants | 4 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants | 4 Participants | 7 Participants | 3 Participants | 74 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 57.3 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.4 | 66 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.3 | 62.1 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 | 62.1 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9 | 55.6 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.2 | 64.2 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 | 63.3 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.8 | 57.4 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.9 | 62.4 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.5 | 60.1 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 | 62.1 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.4 | 64.7 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 | 63.1 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.9 | 61.2 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10 | 57.1 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.6 | 61.6 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.3 | 61.3 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.4 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 8 Participants | 7 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 8 Participants | 8 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 139 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 8 Participants | 8 Participants | 8 Participants | 7 Participants | 7 Participants | 8 Participants | 8 Participants | 6 Participants | 8 Participants | 8 Participants | 8 Participants | 7 Participants | 7 Participants | 6 Participants | 8 Participants | 8 Participants | 120 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 9 participants | 144 participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Male | 9 Participants | 8 Participants | 8 Participants | 8 Participants | 7 Participants | 8 Participants | 7 Participants | 8 Participants | 8 Participants | 6 Participants | 6 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 7 Participants | 126 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Transgender | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk | EG005 affected / at risk | EG006 affected / at risk | EG007 affected / at risk | EG008 affected / at risk | EG009 affected / at risk | EG010 affected / at risk | EG011 affected / at risk | EG012 affected / at risk | EG013 affected / at risk | EG014 affected / at risk | EG015 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 1 / 9 | 0 / 9 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 9 |
Outcome results
Primary
Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes
The investigators will use survey and medical record data to evaluate changes in participants' engagement in recommended behaviors to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: The population consisted of prediabetic Veterans ages 75 and younger, had access to VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 6 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 2 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 4 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 5 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 5 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 4 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 2 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 7 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 2 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 6 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 3 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 5 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 7 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 2 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 5 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 2 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 2 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 3 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 6 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 4 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 5 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 7 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 2 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 5 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 4 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 2 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 2 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 5 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 6 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 2 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 4 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 5 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Did not engage in recommended behaviors | 7 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Engaged in recommended behaviors | 0 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Engagement in Recommended Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | Unknown | 2 Participants |
Secondary
Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
The investigators will use survey data to evaluate mean changes in level of importance of preventing diabetes from baseline to 3 months. The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) was included in the survey and respondents were asked about their level of perceived importance from 1 (Not at all important) to 10 (Extremely important).
Time frame: 3 months
Population: The population consisted of prediabetic Veterans ages 75 and younger, had access to VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -0.625 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.847 |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -0.889 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.028 |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -0.444 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.74 |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -0.222 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.563 |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | 0.714 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.43 |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | 0.000 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -0.500 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -1.571 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.07 |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -1.111 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.934 |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -0.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.118 |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -0.667 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | 0.667 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.936 |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -0.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.582 |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | 0.429 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.976 |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | -2.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.236 |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Importance of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes | 0.286 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.254 |
Secondary
Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM
The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in knowledge of strategies to prevent Type 2 Diabetes between baseline and 3-month assessment. Respondents were given 3 open-ended questions to report things they could do to prevent diabetes. Each respective response to the 3 questions were coded and scored according to whether they indicated engagement in the following activities: weight loss, physical activity, use of metformin, or enrollment into a diabetes prevention program. Each question denoted with a positive response were coded with 1 whereas those that did not were coded as a 0. The three questions were summed into a final score ranging from 0 (no report of engagement in the aforementioned healthy activities) with the worst outcome to 3 (a report of 3 of the 4 aforementioned healthy activities) with the best outcome. The final scores were generated based on the mean difference between baseline and 3-month scores.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: The population consisted of prediabetic Veterans ages 75 and younger, had access to VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.069 |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | -0.222 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.667 |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | -0.222 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.833 |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | -0.222 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.972 |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0.125 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.641 |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | -0.444 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.882 |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0.444 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.726 |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0.429 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.535 |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.866 |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.707 |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0.889 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.928 |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | -0.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0.143 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.378 |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.535 |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0.778 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.833 |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Knowledge of Strategies to Prevent T2DM | 0.286 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.488 |
Secondary
Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes
The investigators will use survey data to evaluate mean change in motivation level to prevent diabetes between baseline and 3-months. The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) was included in the survey and respondents were asked about their level of motivation from 1 (Not at all motivated) to 10 (Highly motivated).
Time frame: 3 months
Population: The population consisted of prediabetic Veterans ages 75 and younger, had access to VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | .375 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.326 |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -1.222 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.438 |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -0.444 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.333 |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -0.222 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.394 |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | 0.429 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.225 |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | 0.000 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7071 |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | 0.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -1.143 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.673 |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -2.000 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.122 |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -0.666 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.323 |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -0.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.54 |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -0.222 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.986 |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -1.166 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.472 |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -0.286 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9512 |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | -0.555 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.333 |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Motivation to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes | 0.857 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.116 |
Secondary
Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs
The investigators will use survey data to evaluate how many participants enrolled in weight-related wellness programs from baseline to 3 months.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: The population consisted of prediabetic Veterans ages 75 and younger, had access to VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 8 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 9 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 9 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 9 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 1 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 7 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 8 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 9 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 7 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 2 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 9 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 9 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 9 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 1 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 8 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 7 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 2 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 8 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 1 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 8 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | No participation in weight-related wellness programs | 7 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Participation in weight-related wellness programs | 0 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Participation in Weight-related Wellness Programs | Unknown | 2 Participants |
Secondary
Perception for Risk for T2DM
The investigators will use survey data to evaluate mean changes in perception of risk for T2DM from baseline to 3 months. The Adriaanse T2DM Risk Perception Scale, which was included in the survey, measured self-assessed risk perception from 0 denoting no choice of developing T2DM to 100 denoting absolute confidence in developing T2DM
Time frame: 3 months
Population: The population consisted of prediabetic Veterans ages 75 and younger, had access to VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Perception for Risk for T2DM | -8.750 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.345 |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Perception for Risk for T2DM | -1.111 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.642 |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Perception for Risk for T2DM | 6.667 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15 |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Perception for Risk for T2DM | -4.444 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.333 |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Perception for Risk for T2DM | 0.000 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.321 |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Perception for Risk for T2DM | 1.111 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.28 |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Perception for Risk for T2DM | -5.556 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 40.035 |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Perception for Risk for T2DM | 10.000 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 20 |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Perception for Risk for T2DM | 7.778 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.889 |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Perception for Risk for T2DM | -3.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.18 |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Perception for Risk for T2DM | 8.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.238 |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Perception for Risk for T2DM | -2.222 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 28.626 |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Perception for Risk for T2DM | 5.000 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.1 |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Perception for Risk for T2DM | 10.000 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.602 |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Perception for Risk for T2DM | 3.333 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 33.166 |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Perception for Risk for T2DM | 10.000 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.166 |
Secondary
Physical Activity
The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in physical activity after the 3-month post intervention assessment. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to measure physical activity change. Respondents were asked to report how many hours and minutes within the past week they completed of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and brisk walking. The total sum of minutes for these three questions were subsequently coded into a yes/no binary variable for whether respondents met a recommended 150 minutes of overall physical activity within 7 days of being assessed. The values provided reflect a proportion of respondents that met or exceeded the 150 minute threshold of overall physical activity based on the newly generated variable that combined total minutes of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and brisk walking.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: The population consisted of prediabetic Veterans ages 75 and younger, had access to VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 5 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 4 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 4 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 5 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 6 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 3 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 7 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 2 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 5 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 4 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 4 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 5 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 6 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 3 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 6 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 3 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 3 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 6 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 7 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 2 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 6 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 3 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 8 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 1 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 3 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 6 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 3 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 6 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 4 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 5 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Physical Activity | 150 minutes or more physical activity per week | 2 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Physical Activity | Less than 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week | 7 Participants |
Secondary
Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention
The investigators will use medical record data and survey data to evaluate whether participants began the use of medication for T2DM prevention from baseline to 3 months.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: The population consisted of prediabetic Veterans ages 75 and younger, had access to VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 2 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 7 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 8 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 1 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 1 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 8 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 9 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 8 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 8 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 9 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 7 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 2 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 9 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 9 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 8 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 9 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 7 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 2 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 8 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 1 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 8 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Not taking medication | 7 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Taking medication | 0 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Use of Medication for T2DM Prevention | Unknown | 2 Participants |
Secondary
Weight Loss Behaviors
The investigators will use survey data to evaluate changes in weight loss behaviors at the 3-month post intervention assessment.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: The population consisted of prediabetic Veterans ages 75 and younger, had access to VA MyHealtheVet Secure Messaging, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 0 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 2 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 1 Participants |
| Arm 1: Stock Messages Only | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 5 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 2 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 5 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 2 Participants |
| Arm 2: Urgency Frame Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 5 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 3: Social Norm Message Strategy | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 4 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 1 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 6 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 2 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 4: Urgency Frame and Social Norm Strategies | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 3 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 4 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 1 Participants |
| Arm 5: Implementation Intentions and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 4 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 3 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 6: Implementation Intentions and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 1 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 2 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 5 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 1 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 1 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 7: Implementation Intentions, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 3 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 2 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 0 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 1 Participants |
| Arm 8: Implementation Intentions | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 3 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 1 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 4 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 1 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 3 Participants |
| Arm 9: Preference Checklists and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 0 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 5 Participants |
| Arm 10: Preference Checklists and Social Norms | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 4 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 0 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 7 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 2 Participants |
| Arm 11: Preference Checklists, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 3 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 1 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 5 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 12: Preference Checklists | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 2 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 1 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 5 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 1 Participants |
| Arm 13: Tailored Aspirations and Urgency Frame | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 0 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 3 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 4 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 0 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 1 Participants |
| Arm 14: Tailored Aspirations and Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 6 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 1 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 1 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 1 Participants |
| Arm 15: Tailored Aspirations, Urgency Frame & Social Norm | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 0 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and satisfied | 1 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Weight Loss Behaviors | Gaining weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and gain | 0 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Weight Loss Behaviors | Losing weight | 0 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Weight Loss Behaviors | Unknown | 2 Participants |
| Arm 16: Tailored Aspirations | Weight Loss Behaviors | Stable and lose | 6 Participants |