Immunization; Infection
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aims to implement and test the efficacy of photovoice, Short Messaging Service (SMS) and phone call reminders in improving childhood immunization coverage (uptake, timeliness and completion rates) and reducing incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) among infants in Nigeria
Detailed description
This will be a single-blind three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial involving post-partum mothers and/or caregivers of infants (age 0-12months) attending immunization clinics in 12 randomly selected Primary Health Care Centres (clusters) across Sokoto, Jigawa, Kano, Ogun, Oyo and Lagos States of Nigeria. Additionally, a photovoice methodology will be implemented in 6 community clusters (one in each State) involving group discussions between community members (pregnant women in their third trimester, parents/caregivers of infants age 0-12 months), community leaders, service providers and policy makers on benefits of timely immunization and consequences of non-vaccination. Parent-infant pairs will be followed up for 12 months during which SMS and phone call immunization clinic appointment reminders will be provided to mothers and/or caregivers in intervention arm 1, and photovoice intervention provided at study commencement to participants in intervention arm 2. Respondents in the control group would receive standard care (routine paper-based appointment scheduling alone). The investigators will document and compare immunization uptake (all doses and vaccines), timeliness of receipt and completion rates of scheduled immunization between the three groups, as well as incidence of VPDs between the groups using multivariate statistical analyses.
Interventions
Same as described under arm/group descriptions
Same as described under arm/group descriptions
Sponsors
Study design
Intervention model description
This will be a single-blind three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial involving post-partum mothers and/or caregivers of infants (age 0-12months) attending immunization clinics in 12 randomly selected Primary Health Care Centres (clusters) across Sokoto, Jigawa, Kano, Ogun, Oyo and Lagos States of Nigeria. Additionally, the investigators will be implementing a photovoice methodology in 6 community clusters (one in each State) involving group discussions between community members (pregnant women in their third trimester, parents/caregivers of infants age 0-12 months), community leaders, service providers and policy makers on benefits of timely immunization and consequences of non-vaccination.
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Mothers/caregivers of healthy infants (age 0 - 12 months) who: 1. Have a mobile phone access 2. Received antenatal care and/or delivered their babies in a hospital 3. Plans to receive immunizations at the selected PHCs * Purposively-selected community sample of pregnant women in their third trimester, parents/caregivers of infants, providers, community gatekeepers and policy makers
Exclusion criteria
1. Parents of infants requiring hospital admission due to significant illness, congenital deformity/malformation and prematurity 2. Foreigners
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Immunization coverage | 12 months | Proportion of randomized infants who received birth doses of BCG and OPV (overall), and complete doses of each vaccine as scheduled |
| Timeliness of receipt of scheduled immunization | 12 months | Proportion of infants receiving scheduled immunization within 1 week of schedule |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of any childhood vaccine-preventable disease | 12 months | Risk ratio of vaccine-preventable disease between intervention and control groups |