Aging
Conditions
Brief summary
This study will determine the short-term postprandial effects of protein source at breakfast on energy metabolism, markers of metabolic health, appetite, and food intake and young and older men.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTAnimal protein
The animal protein intervention is a smoothie containing 40 grams of whey protein isolate.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPlant protein
The animal protein intervention is a smoothie containing 40 grams of pea protein isolate.
Sponsors
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 90 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Male * No medication * Athlete (elite or professional)
Exclusion criteria
* Diet-related conditions * Food allergies * Does not regularly consume protein supplements * Claustrophobic * Underweight
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Energy expenditure | Time frame is every 30 minutes for four hours following intervention. | Energy expended per minute will be measured using indirect calorimetry. |
| Appetite | Time frame is every 30 minutes for four hours following intervention. | Appetite will be assessed using a traditional 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) (3) with opposing anchors (e.g., extremely hungry or not hungry at all) at time points 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min. Questions consisted of: how hungry do you feel at this moment, how full do you feel at this moment, how strong is your desire to eat this moment and how much food do you think you can eat at this moment. Participants were asked to place an X on the 100-mm VAS in the place that pertained to their perceived appetite feelings at each time point. Participants were asked to place an X on the 100-mm VAS in the place that pertained to their perceived appetite feelings at each time point. The averages for each time point are taken to represent the feeling of appetitive at a particular time point. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 24-hour food intake | Food intake will be recorded for one day. | Food intake following the intervention will be recorded using food records. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Appetite biomarkers | Time frame is every 30 minutes for four hours following intervention. | PYY, CCK and orexin will be measured. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed