Intimate Partner Violence
Conditions
Keywords
IPV
Brief summary
This study investigates the effect of a video which teaches 15 safety behaviours for women subject to intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy. Half of the women screening positive for IPV during pregnancy will view the intervention video. The other half will view a control video.
Detailed description
Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a risk for the health of the woman during pregnancy also for the health of the unborn child. Pregnancy is time when nearly all women have regular contact with the healthcare system. Pregnancy is also a time during which women consider their situation and are open for change. Healthcare staff have the opportunity to ask pregnant women if they experience IPV and need to know how to respond to women experiencing IPV. Healthcare staff can refer to other services. If staff are uncertain if referral is needed or wanted they can teach women how to increase their own safety and prepare for leaving through a number of safety promoting behaviours.The safety behaviours were originally developed in the USA to counsel women who attended a family violence unit and qualified for a protection order. Women do not always disclose the true nature of their IPV to staff. However, they could still benefit from learning about safety promoting behaviours. Using a video for teaching allows for the use of pictures and sound and options for several languages.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSafety behaviour promoting video
A 7 min. video which teaches 15 different safety behaviours to reduce violence or the effect of violence
BEHAVIORALControl video
A 7 min. video which teaches women about safety regarding food, alcohol, smoking, medication and physical activity during pregnancy
Sponsors
University of Oslo
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
La Trobe University
Oslo Metropolitan University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
TRIPLE (Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
All women will be shown a video (also women not screening positive for IPV). Unless staff ask women about the content of the video or the women discloses this, care providers will not know which film participants have viewed. As we include a group of women who screened negative for IPV in the assessment three months after birth care providers will not know who who screened positive and who screened negative. In the file the variable for control og intervention video will be blinded. Women will be selected for the post-partum questionnaire based on the screening for abuse. All abused women and for each abused woman two without abuse will be selected.
Intervention model description
Pregnant women will be screened for IPV using a modified version of the Abuse Assessment Screening. Women who screen positive are randomized into either the intervention video or a control video. Women screening negative for violence will be shown the control video. All women receive standard care and a card with high quality websites about safe pregnancy. Hidden among these is a webside that informs women about IPV (rights, safety etc..). Three months after birth all the women screening positive for violence will receive another questionnaire to fill out. In addition will a random sample of women who screened negative for IPV be asked to fill out a questionnaire at the same time. This group will be double the size of the women screening positive.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* pregnant women attending antenatal care at the community health center, * 18 years or older, * understanding sufficient Norwegian, Urdu, Somali or English to complete the questionnaire and understand the video.
Exclusion criteria
* women who do not speak or understand the languages provided in the study (English, Urdu, Somali and Norwegian) * women who have never been in an adult intimate relationship * women who are closely attended by male partner * women who do not have the mental of physical capacity to answer the questionnaire. * women who cannot fill out the questionnaire in privacy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Adoption of safety behaviours | change from pregnancy to 3 months postpartum | Number of used safety behaviours |
| The World Health Organisation Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) | Change from pregnancy to 3 months postpartum | A scale of 26 items assessing four dimensions of quality of life (QOL), physical, psychological, environmental and social. Low score equals low QOL. Mean scores are calculated for each domain. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) measured using Composite Abuse Scale (revised) - Short Form (CAS R SF) | change from pregnancy to 3 months postpartum | CAS(R)-SF is a 15-item instrument capturing physical, sexual and psychological abuse and overall IPV. Total score ranges from 0 to 75. Low score indicates less violence. Mean total score is calculated and compared. |
| Symptoms of depression | Change from pregnancy to 3 months postpartum. Minimum score is 0, maximum score is 15. The lower the score the fewer symptoms of depression the person has. A cut-off of 7 or more is used to indicate symptoms of depression. | Edinburgh Depression Scale -5 (short version) |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mode of delivery | at birth | operative delivery vs. spontaneous vaginal birth |
| birth experience | 3 months postpartum | One question asking if the birth experience was solely positive, positive with negative elements, negative with positive elements or solely negative. This question has been used in other studies and the answering options are usually dichotomised into a positive or negative birth experience |
| Birth weight | at birth | neonates birthweight in grams |
| Initiation and early cessation of breastfeeding | approximately 3 months postpartum | We will use 3 questions developed for the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) which recruited approx 100.000 women. These questions have been developed by nutrionalists and have been used in studies and published in relation to abuse, BMJ Open. 2015 Dec 18;5(12):e009240. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009240. Past and recent abuse is associated with early cessation of breast feeding: results from a large prospective cohort in Norway.The questions allows for measuring the proportion of women initiating breastfeeding and how many stopped breastfeeding by the time of measurement postpartum |
| Method of pain relief used during labour | at birth | we will record the number of women in each arm who receive epidural analgesia, pudendal analgesia, used water immersion for pain relief, used nitrous oxide inhalation, used other methods. |
Countries
Norway
Outcome results
None listed