Suicidal Ideation
Conditions
Keywords
Peer Mentorship, Psychiatric Hospitalization, Suicide Risk
Brief summary
This is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a peer mentorship intervention (PREVAIL) for reducing suicide risk compared to enhanced usual care among participants (N=455) at high-risk for suicide recruited from inpatient psychiatric units.
Detailed description
Amid consistently worsening suicide rates, in 2012 the U.S. Surgeon General's National Strategy for Suicide Prevention proposed to change the narrative about suicide prevention to include a focus on promoting hope and belongingness. Despite hopelessness and thwarted belongingness being among the most replicated risk factors for suicide, many widely implemented suicide prevention efforts instead emphasize the identification of acute suicide risk and referral to mental health treatment services. However, there are very few health service interventions known to reduce suicides among those identified as high risk. Those interventions shown to be effective have not achieved the wide scale implementation necessary to alter the trend of increasing suicide deaths. New interventions are needed, and one promising, scalable intervention with a novel approach to addressing the risk factors advocated by the Surgeon General is peer mentorship. A peer mentorship intervention, PREVAIL, has been piloted in a two-site randomized controlled trial (N=70) and is acceptable and feasible with enrollment of nearly half of eligible high-risk patients, mean completion of over 6 mentorship sessions, and 85% of sessions meeting fidelity standards for addressing the intended targets of hope and belongingness. The aims of this hybrid effectiveness-implementation study are: Specific Aim 1: Determine the effectiveness of the PREVAIL peer mentorship intervention for reducing suicide attempts and suicidal ideation among recently hospitalized adult psychiatric patients at high risk for suicide. Specific Aim 2: Examine the mechanisms of peer mentorship by measuring the effects of PREVAIL on potential mediators,including hope and belongingness. Specific Aim 3: Identify barriers and facilitators to implementation of PREVAIL.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALPeer mentorship
The PREVAIL intervention will be delivered by a Certified Peer Support Specialist (CPSS) or Peer Recovery Coach. Participants will select a Peer to work with based on brief personal descriptions. Sessions may occur in-person (public place, the participant's home, or a research clinic space) or remotely (phone or video call). The first meeting will occur while the participant is hospitalized, and subsequent sessions will be scheduled per the participant's preferences, with a suggested frequency of twice weekly for weeks 1-2, weekly for weeks 3-8, and every other week for the last month. Sessions will last 1 hour on average and will consist of semi-structured conversations focused on protective factors such as hope, safety planning, and coping skills. Session structure and content are intentionally flexible to allow for general supportive listening, validation, sharing, and genuineness in the relationship, thereby increasing acceptability and implicit belongingness.
BEHAVIORALEnhanced Usual Care
The EUC condition will consist of a caring message from the study team via e-mail or text message (based on the participant's preference) 24-72 hours after discharge. An example message is, We hope things are going well for you since you left the hospital. If you wish to reply, we'd be glad to hear from you. A list of local mental health resources will be available if participants reply and during the 3 and 6-month follow-up assessments. The EUC condition is modeled on prior studies of caring letters and brief contacts by health professionals after suicidal crisis and national recommendations to provide post-crisis follow-up contacts.
Sponsors
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
University of Michigan
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. are age 18 years or older, 2. are currently admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit and have medical record documentation of suicidal ideation or suicide attempt at the time of admission, 3. have a Beck Suicide Scale score of 5 or higher for the 1-week period prior to admission, 4. are fluent in English, 5. are able to be reached reliably by telephone.
Exclusion criteria
1. substantially cognitively impaired (according to the Mini-Cog), 2. unable to provide informed consent for any reason (including incompetency), 3. determined by the patient's attending psychiatrist that peer mentorship is not appropriate due to unstable psychosis, cognitive disorder, or severe personality disorder, 4. already receiving or intending to receive peer mentorship (i.e., sponsor from Alcoholics Anonymous) or group-based peer support on a biweekly or more frequent basis, 5. residing more than 50 miles from any peer mentor, 6. planning to be discharged to another inpatient or residential facility, or 7. receiving electroconvulsive therapy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Suicide Attempts, as Measured by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) | 3 months, 6 months | Number of participants reporting any suicide attempt, as reported on the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS). The definition of suicide attempt for the primary outcome will consist of any actual suicide attempt, aborted suicide attempt, or interrupted suicide attempt reported on the CSSR-S. |
| Suicidal Ideation (Current), as Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS) | 3 months, 6 months | Patient's current suicidal ideation as measured by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS). The BSS is a 19-item (5 screening items are first administered to determine whether the remaining items are administered) self-report scale that assesses thoughts, plans and intent to commit suicide. All 19 items are rated on a three-point scale (0 to 2). Total scores could range from 0 to 38. No specific cut-off scores exist to classify severity. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (greater suicide risk). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Suicide Attempts (Measured by the Medical Record) | 6-months | Count of participants with any suicide attempt as notated in the patient's electronic medical record. The definition of suicide attempt for the primary outcome will consist of any actual suicide attempt, aborted suicide attempt, or interrupted suicide attempt. |
| Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action (Measured by the Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action Scale) | 3 months, 6 months | Participants' sense of self-efficacy to avoid suicidal action, as measured by the 6-item Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action Scale (SEASA). To indicate level of confidence, respondents rate each item on a 9-point scale (where 0=very uncertain and 9=very certain). Scores range between 0 and 54; lower scores are associated with worse outcomes (a higher incidence and greater severity of suicide attempts). |
| Suicidal Ideation (Worst-point), as Measured by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 3 months, 6 months | Patient's worst-point suicidal ideation as measured by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS). The BSS is a 19-item (5 screening items are first administered to determine whether the remaining items are administered) self-report scale that assesses thoughts, plans and intent to commit suicide. All 19 items are rated on a three-point scale (0 to 2). Total scores could range from 0 to 38. No specific cut-off scores exist to classify severity. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (greater suicide risk). |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Friendship (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 3-months | The Adult Toolbox Social Relationship Scales measures social relationship concepts including social support, companionship, and social distress. The Friendship subscale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 8 to 40; higher scores indicate better outcomes (greater perceived friendship). |
| Loneliness (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 3-months | The Adult Toolbox Social Relationship Scales measures social relationship concepts including social support, companionship, and social distress. The Loneliness subscale consists of 5 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 5 to 25; higher scores indicate worse outcomes (greater loneliness). |
| Perceived Rejection (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 3-months | The Adult Toolbox Social Relationship Scales measures social relationship concepts including social support, companionship, and social distress. The perceived rejection subscale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 8 to 40; higher scores indicate worse outcomes (greater loneliness). |
| Quality of Life (Measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF)) | 3 months, 6 months | Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) consists of 14 items, assesses satisfaction with a variety of life domains such as physical health, work, and social relationships. The scoring of the Q-LES-Q-SF involves summing only the first 14 items to yield a raw total score. The last two items are not included in the total score but are standalone items. The raw total score ranges from 14 to 70. Higher level of enjoyment and satisfaction with life are reflected in higher scores. |
| Functional Status (Measured by the SF-12) | 3 months, 6 months | The SF-12 covers domains including: (1) physical functioning; (2) role-physical; (3) bodily pain; (4) general health; (5) vitality; (6) social functioning; (7) role emotional; and (8) mental health. Summary scores are calculated by summing factor-weighted scores across all 8 subscales, with factor weights derived from a US-based general population sample. Physical and Mental Health Composite Scores (PCS & MCS) are computed using the scores of twelve questions and range from 0 to 100, where a zero score indicates the lowest level of health measured by the scales and 100 indicates the highest level of health. |
| Hopelessness (Measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)) | 3-months | Measure of patients' negative attitudes about the future and will be the primary measure of hopelessness. The BHS consists of 20 true-false statements that measure the degree of pessimism and negativity about the future. Summed scores range from 0 to 20. Scores provide a measure of the severity of self-reported hopelessness: 0-3 minimal, 4-8 mild, 9-14 moderate, and 15-20 severe. |
| Depression, as Measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | 3 months, 6 months | The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9-item, self-report survey which assesses frequency of depression symptoms over the past 2 weeks on a 4-item response scale (where 0 = Not at all and 3 = Nearly every day). Scores range between 0 and 27, with high scores indicating worse outcomes (more severe depression) |
| Self-reported Utilization of Health Care Services, as Measured by the Adapted Health Services Inventory | 3 months, 6 months | Count of participants who self-reported utilizing any mental health care services. |
| Medication Adherence, as Measured by the Single-Item Self Rating (SISR) Scale for Medication Adherence | 3 months, 6 months | Single item that ask patients' ability to take their medications as their doctor prescribed them, rated on a 6-point scale from 1 = Excellent to 6 = Very Poor, such that higher scores indicate worse outcomes (poorer adherence with taking medications as prescribed). |
| Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) | 3 months, 6 months | The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) consists of 10 items measured on a 7-point likert scale ranging from absolutely true to absolutely not true. The measure consists of two subscales: presence of meaning and search for meaning. Subscale scores range from 5 to 35; higher scores indicated better outcomes (greater meaning). |
| Worst Suicidal Ideation in Past 3 Months (Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS)) | 3-months | Patient's worst suicidal ideation in the previous 3-month time period as measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS). The BSS is a self-report 19-item scale preceded by five screening items. The BSS and its screening items assess thoughts, plans and intent to commit suicide. All 24 items are rated on a three-point scale (0 to 2). Total scores could range from 0 to 38 (if the screening items are included). No specific cut-off scores exist to classify severity. Increasing scores reflect greater suicide risk. |
| Thwarted Belongingness, as Measured by the Thwarted Belongingness Subscale of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) | 3-months | The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) is a 10-item, self-report measure of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The thwarted belongingness subscale of the INQ-10 consists of 6 items; scores range from 5 to 35, with higher scores indicating worse outcomes (greater thwarted belongingness). |
| Perceived Social Support (Measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDPSS)) | 3-months | The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDPSS) contains 12 Likert scale items with three subscales to address different sources of support: family, friends, and significant other. Total scores are an average (mean) of the subscale scores. Mean scores under 2.9 are considered low support, mean scores 3-5 are considered moderate, and 5.1-7 are considered high. Scores range from 1-7, with 1 representing lowest support and 7 representing highest support. |
| Hope, as Measured by the State Hope Scale (SHS) | 3-months | The State Hope Scale (SHS) is a 6-item, self-report measure that assesses hopeful thinking along two sub-scales reflecting respondents' personal capacity for change (agency) and knowledge regarding how to achieve change (pathways). Total scores range from 6 to 48. Higher scores indicated better outcomes (greater hope). |
| Burdensomeness, as Measured by the Perceived Burdensomeness Subscale of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) | 3-months | The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) is a 10-item, self-report measure of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The perceived burdensomeness subscale of the INQ-10 consists of 4 items; scores range from 4 to 28, with higher scores indicating worse outcomes (greater perceived burdensomeness). |
| Perceived Emotional Support (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 3-months | The Adult Toolbox Social Relationship Scales measures social relationship concepts including social support, companionship, and social distress. The Emotional Support subscale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 8 to 40; higher scores indicate better outcomes (greater perceived emotional support). |
| Perceived Instrumental Support (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 3-months | The Adult Toolbox Social Relationship Scales measures social relationship concepts including social support, companionship, and social distress. The Instrumental Support subscale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 8 to 40; higher scores indicate better outcomes (greater perceived instrumental support). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) A Peer Specialist will be making regular follow-up contact with study participants in the community or by telephone for 3 months following hospital discharge. Peer mentorship interactions will include a series of manualized, semi-structured conversations developed by the study team and will address protective factors such as hope and belongingness. PREVAIL arm participants will also receive Enhanced Usual Care (EUC).
Peer mentorship: The PREVAIL intervention will be delivered by a Certified Peer Support Specialist (CPSS) or Peer Recovery Coach. Participants will select a Peer to work with based on brief personal descriptions. Sessions may occur in-person (public place, the participant's home, or a research clinic space) or remotely (phone or video call). The first meeting will occur while the participant is hospitalized, and subsequent sessions will be scheduled per the participant's preferences, with a suggested frequency of twice weekly for weeks 1-2, weekly for weeks 3-8, and every other week for the last month. Sessions will last 1 hour on average and will consist of semi-structured conversations focused on protective factors such as hope, safety planning, and coping skills. Session structure and content are intentionally flexible to allow for general supportive listening, validation, sharing, and genuineness in the relationship, thereby increasing acceptability and implicit belongingness. | 229 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) The EUC condition will consist of a caring message from the study team via e-mail or text message (based on the participant's preference) 24-72 hours after discharge. An example message is, We hope things are going well for you since you left the hospital. If you wish to reply, we'd be glad to hear from you. A list of local mental health resources will be available if participants reply and during the 3 and 6-month follow-up assessments. The EUC condition is modeled on prior studies of caring letters and brief contacts by health professionals after suicidal crisis and national recommendations to provide post-crisis follow-up contacts.
Enhanced Usual Care: The EUC condition will consist of a caring message from the study team via e-mail or text message (based on the participant's preference) 24-72 hours after discharge. An example message is, We hope things are going well for you since you left the hospital. If you wish to reply, we'd be glad to hear from you. A list of local mental health resources will be available if participants reply and during the 3 and 6-month follow-up assessments. The EUC condition is modeled on prior studies of caring letters and brief contacts by health professionals after suicidal crisis and national recommendations to provide post-crisis follow-up contacts. | 226 |
| Total | 455 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 32.01 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.74 | 31.61 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.45 | 32.40 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.04 |
| Burdensomeness, as measured by the perceived burdensomeness subscale of the Interpersonal Needs Ques | 16.10 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.71 | 16.19 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 | 16.01 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.93 |
| Depression, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | 18.33 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.19 | 18.33 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.81 | 18.33 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.57 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 23 Participants | 15 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 431 Participants | 211 Participants | 220 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Highest level of education 8th grade or less | 4 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Highest level of education Advanced degree | 34 Participants | 20 Participants | 14 Participants |
| Highest level of education College graduate | 89 Participants | 45 Participants | 44 Participants |
| Highest level of education High school graduate/GED | 102 Participants | 49 Participants | 53 Participants |
| Highest level of education Some college | 196 Participants | 98 Participants | 98 Participants |
| Highest level of education Some high school | 30 Participants | 11 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Hope, as measured by the State Hope Scale (SHS) | 26.47 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.65 | 25.58 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.29 | 27.34 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.94 |
| Hopelessness (Measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)) | 9.11 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.03 | 9.81 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.06 | 8.42 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.92 |
| Income (annual) $100,000 or more | 17 Participants | 8 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Income (annual) $15,000 - $24,999 | 75 Participants | 34 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Income (annual) $25,000 - $49,000 | 87 Participants | 44 Participants | 43 Participants |
| Income (annual) $50,000 - $74,999 | 37 Participants | 21 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Income (annual) $5,000 - $14,999 | 96 Participants | 48 Participants | 48 Participants |
| Income (annual) $75,000 - $99,999 | 17 Participants | 7 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Income (annual) Missing/declined to answer | 10 Participants | 4 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Income (annual) Under $5,000 | 116 Participants | 60 Participants | 56 Participants |
| Living Situation Homeless or between housing arrangements | 36 Participants | 14 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Living Situation Lives alone | 73 Participants | 41 Participants | 32 Participants |
| Living Situation Lives with children under age 18 | 82 Participants | 43 Participants | 39 Participants |
| Living Situation Lives with other relatives or friends | 108 Participants | 47 Participants | 61 Participants |
| Living Situation Lives with others, but not friends or relatives | 23 Participants | 16 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Living Situation Lives with parents | 128 Participants | 67 Participants | 61 Participants |
| Living Situation Lives with spouse or partner | 129 Participants | 64 Participants | 65 Participants |
| Loneliness (measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 17.80 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.68 | 17.85 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7 | 17.74 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.67 |
| Marital Status Divorced/separated | 59 Participants | 29 Participants | 30 Participants |
| Marital Status Living together, not married | 34 Participants | 19 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Marital Status Married | 80 Participants | 35 Participants | 45 Participants |
| Marital Status Never married | 271 Participants | 134 Participants | 137 Participants |
| Marital Status Widowed | 11 Participants | 9 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Mental Health (measured by the SF-12) | 23.62 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.83 | 23.76 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11 | 23.48 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.68 |
| Occupation Homemaker/Caregiver | 26 Participants | 15 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Occupation Missing/declined to answer | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Occupation Retired | 19 Participants | 9 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Occupation Student | 129 Participants | 62 Participants | 67 Participants |
| Occupation Unemployed or on disability | 115 Participants | 57 Participants | 58 Participants |
| Occupation Volunteering full-time | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Occupation Volunteering part-time | 7 Participants | 5 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Occupation Working full-time | 144 Participants | 73 Participants | 71 Participants |
| Occupation Working part-time | 96 Participants | 51 Participants | 45 Participants |
| Perceived Emotional Support (measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 27.35 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.34 | 27.20 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.93 | 27.51 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.74 |
| Perceived Friendship (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 21.99 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.23 | 22.57 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.35 | 21.41 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.09 |
| Perceived Instrumental Support (measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 25.97 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.59 | 26.12 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.41 | 25.83 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.78 |
| Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) Presence subscale | 17.88 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.27 | 17.35 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.07 | 18.41 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.44 |
| Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) Searching subscale | 25.63 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.41 | 25.46 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.15 | 25.80 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.68 |
| Perceived Rejection (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 22.56 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.9 | 22.78 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.68 | 22.35 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.13 |
| Perceived Social Support (Measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDPSS) Family subscale | 4.25 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.88 | 4.07 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.79 | 4.43 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.96 |
| Perceived Social Support (Measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDPSS) Friend subscale | 4.68 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.81 | 4.80 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.67 | 4.57 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.95 |
| Perceived Social Support (Measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDPSS) Total item mean | 4.64 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.59 | 4.59 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.39 | 4.70 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.59 |
| Physical Health (Measured by the SF-12) | 51.54 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.7 | 51.36 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.18 | 51.71 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.24 |
| Quality of Life (Measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form | 38.99 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.06 | 38.80 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.84 | 39.18 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 15 Participants | 8 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 77 Participants | 40 Participants | 37 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 29 Participants | 13 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 329 Participants | 162 Participants | 167 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 455 participants | 226 participants | 229 participants |
| Self efficacy to avoid suicidal action (measured by the Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action Scale | 30.54 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.91 | 29.30 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.59 | 31.77 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.15 |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Female | 273 Participants | 139 Participants | 134 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Male | 154 Participants | 76 Participants | 78 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Other | 28 Participants | 11 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Suicidal ideation (past week), as measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS) | 22.35 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.47 | 22.70 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.03 | 22.00 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.89 |
| Suicide attempts, as measured by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) | 407 Participants | 210 Participants | 197 Participants |
| Thwarted Belongingness, as Measured by the Thwarted Belongingness Subscale of the INQ-10 | 22.69 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.01 | 23.04 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.88 | 22.33 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.14 |
| Utilization of Health Care Services (Measured by the Adapted Health Services Inventory) | 376 Participants | 182 Participants | 194 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 2 / 229 | 2 / 226 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 229 | 0 / 226 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 51 / 229 | 55 / 226 |
Outcome results
Primary
Suicidal Ideation (Current), as Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS)
Patient's current suicidal ideation as measured by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS). The BSS is a 19-item (5 screening items are first administered to determine whether the remaining items are administered) self-report scale that assesses thoughts, plans and intent to commit suicide. All 19 items are rated on a three-point scale (0 to 2). Total scores could range from 0 to 38. No specific cut-off scores exist to classify severity. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (greater suicide risk).
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
Population: The number of participant analyzed decreases at the 3- and 6-month time points due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Suicidal Ideation (Current), as Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS) | 3 Months | 4.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.55 |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Suicidal Ideation (Current), as Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS) | 6 Months | 4.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.32 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Suicidal Ideation (Current), as Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS) | 3 Months | 4.37 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.8 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Suicidal Ideation (Current), as Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS) | 6 Months | 4.25 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.62 |
p-value: 0.46Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Primary
Suicide Attempts, as Measured by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS)
Number of participants reporting any suicide attempt, as reported on the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS). The definition of suicide attempt for the primary outcome will consist of any actual suicide attempt, aborted suicide attempt, or interrupted suicide attempt reported on the CSSR-S.
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
Population: The number of participant analyzed decreases at the 3- and 6-month time points due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Suicide Attempts, as Measured by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) | 3 Months - count of participants with any suicide attempt (actual, interrupted, or aborted) | 13 Participants |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Suicide Attempts, as Measured by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) | 6 Months - count of participants with any suicide attempt (actual, interrupted, or aborted) | 24 Participants |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Suicide Attempts, as Measured by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) | 3 Months - count of participants with any suicide attempt (actual, interrupted, or aborted) | 17 Participants |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Suicide Attempts, as Measured by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) | 6 Months - count of participants with any suicide attempt (actual, interrupted, or aborted) | 28 Participants |
p-value: 0.58Chi-squared
Secondary
Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action (Measured by the Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action Scale)
Participants' sense of self-efficacy to avoid suicidal action, as measured by the 6-item Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action Scale (SEASA). To indicate level of confidence, respondents rate each item on a 9-point scale (where 0=very uncertain and 9=very certain). Scores range between 0 and 54; lower scores are associated with worse outcomes (a higher incidence and greater severity of suicide attempts).
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
Population: Number of participants analyzed decreases at 3- and 6-month time points due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action (Measured by the Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action Scale) | 3 Months | 36.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.35 |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action (Measured by the Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action Scale) | 6 months | 37.06 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.69 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action (Measured by the Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action Scale) | 3 Months | 34.64 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.04 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action (Measured by the Self Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action Scale) | 6 months | 35.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.03 |
p-value: 0.29Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Suicidal Ideation (Worst-point), as Measured by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS)
Patient's worst-point suicidal ideation as measured by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS). The BSS is a 19-item (5 screening items are first administered to determine whether the remaining items are administered) self-report scale that assesses thoughts, plans and intent to commit suicide. All 19 items are rated on a three-point scale (0 to 2). Total scores could range from 0 to 38. No specific cut-off scores exist to classify severity. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (greater suicide risk).
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
Population: Number of participants analyzed decreases at 3- and 6-month time points due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Suicidal Ideation (Worst-point), as Measured by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 3-Months | 10.66 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.5 |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Suicidal Ideation (Worst-point), as Measured by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 6-Months | 7.76 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.14 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Suicidal Ideation (Worst-point), as Measured by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 3-Months | 10.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.92 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Suicidal Ideation (Worst-point), as Measured by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 6-Months | 8.68 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.3 |
p-value: 0.35Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Suicide Attempts (Measured by the Medical Record)
Count of participants with any suicide attempt as notated in the patient's electronic medical record. The definition of suicide attempt for the primary outcome will consist of any actual suicide attempt, aborted suicide attempt, or interrupted suicide attempt.
Time frame: 6-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Suicide Attempts (Measured by the Medical Record) | 11 Participants |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Suicide Attempts (Measured by the Medical Record) | 9 Participants |
p-value: 0.18Chi-squared
Other Pre-specified
Burdensomeness, as Measured by the Perceived Burdensomeness Subscale of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10)
The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) is a 10-item, self-report measure of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The perceived burdensomeness subscale of the INQ-10 consists of 4 items; scores range from 4 to 28, with higher scores indicating worse outcomes (greater perceived burdensomeness).
Time frame: 3-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Burdensomeness, as Measured by the Perceived Burdensomeness Subscale of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) | 12.03 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.21 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Burdensomeness, as Measured by the Perceived Burdensomeness Subscale of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) | 11.87 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.66 |
Other Pre-specified
Depression, as Measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9-item, self-report survey which assesses frequency of depression symptoms over the past 2 weeks on a 4-item response scale (where 0 = Not at all and 3 = Nearly every day). Scores range between 0 and 27, with high scores indicating worse outcomes (more severe depression)
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
Population: Number of participants analyzed decreases at 3- and 6-month time points due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Depression, as Measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | 3-Months | 10.83 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.86 |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Depression, as Measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | 6-Months | 11.56 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.27 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Depression, as Measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | 3-Months | 10.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.87 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Depression, as Measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | 6-Months | 10.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.71 |
Other Pre-specified
Functional Status (Measured by the SF-12)
The SF-12 covers domains including: (1) physical functioning; (2) role-physical; (3) bodily pain; (4) general health; (5) vitality; (6) social functioning; (7) role emotional; and (8) mental health. Summary scores are calculated by summing factor-weighted scores across all 8 subscales, with factor weights derived from a US-based general population sample. Physical and Mental Health Composite Scores (PCS & MCS) are computed using the scores of twelve questions and range from 0 to 100, where a zero score indicates the lowest level of health measured by the scales and 100 indicates the highest level of health.
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
Population: Number of participants analyzed decreases at 6-months due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Functional Status (Measured by the SF-12) | 3-Months | 48.60 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.28 |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Functional Status (Measured by the SF-12) | 6-Months | 49.18 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.39 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Functional Status (Measured by the SF-12) | 3-Months | 48.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.72 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Functional Status (Measured by the SF-12) | 6-Months | 48.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.7 |
Other Pre-specified
Hope, as Measured by the State Hope Scale (SHS)
The State Hope Scale (SHS) is a 6-item, self-report measure that assesses hopeful thinking along two sub-scales reflecting respondents' personal capacity for change (agency) and knowledge regarding how to achieve change (pathways). Total scores range from 6 to 48. Higher scores indicated better outcomes (greater hope).
Time frame: 3-months
Population: Number of participants analyzed decreases at 3- and 6-month time points due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Hope, as Measured by the State Hope Scale (SHS) | 32.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.37 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Hope, as Measured by the State Hope Scale (SHS) | 30.57 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.77 |
Other Pre-specified
Hopelessness (Measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS))
Measure of patients' negative attitudes about the future and will be the primary measure of hopelessness. The BHS consists of 20 true-false statements that measure the degree of pessimism and negativity about the future. Summed scores range from 0 to 20. Scores provide a measure of the severity of self-reported hopelessness: 0-3 minimal, 4-8 mild, 9-14 moderate, and 15-20 severe.
Time frame: 3-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Hopelessness (Measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)) | 6.27 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.56 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Hopelessness (Measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)) | 6.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.3 |
Other Pre-specified
Loneliness (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS))
The Adult Toolbox Social Relationship Scales measures social relationship concepts including social support, companionship, and social distress. The Loneliness subscale consists of 5 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 5 to 25; higher scores indicate worse outcomes (greater loneliness).
Time frame: 3-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Loneliness (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 15.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.03 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Loneliness (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 15.02 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.3 |
Other Pre-specified
Medication Adherence, as Measured by the Single-Item Self Rating (SISR) Scale for Medication Adherence
Single item that ask patients' ability to take their medications as their doctor prescribed them, rated on a 6-point scale from 1 = Excellent to 6 = Very Poor, such that higher scores indicate worse outcomes (poorer adherence with taking medications as prescribed).
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
Population: Number of participants analyzed is lower at 6-months due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Medication Adherence, as Measured by the Single-Item Self Rating (SISR) Scale for Medication Adherence | 3-Months | 2.23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.53 |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Medication Adherence, as Measured by the Single-Item Self Rating (SISR) Scale for Medication Adherence | 6-Months | 2.50 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Medication Adherence, as Measured by the Single-Item Self Rating (SISR) Scale for Medication Adherence | 3-Months | 2.16 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Medication Adherence, as Measured by the Single-Item Self Rating (SISR) Scale for Medication Adherence | 6-Months | 2.29 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.32 |
Other Pre-specified
Perceived Emotional Support (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS))
The Adult Toolbox Social Relationship Scales measures social relationship concepts including social support, companionship, and social distress. The Emotional Support subscale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 8 to 40; higher scores indicate better outcomes (greater perceived emotional support).
Time frame: 3-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Perceived Emotional Support (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 31.33 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.85 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Perceived Emotional Support (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 30.97 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.25 |
Other Pre-specified
Perceived Friendship (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS))
The Adult Toolbox Social Relationship Scales measures social relationship concepts including social support, companionship, and social distress. The Friendship subscale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 8 to 40; higher scores indicate better outcomes (greater perceived friendship).
Time frame: 3-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Perceived Friendship (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 24.26 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.96 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Perceived Friendship (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 24.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.37 |
Other Pre-specified
Perceived Instrumental Support (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS))
The Adult Toolbox Social Relationship Scales measures social relationship concepts including social support, companionship, and social distress. The Instrumental Support subscale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 8 to 40; higher scores indicate better outcomes (greater perceived instrumental support).
Time frame: 3-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Perceived Instrumental Support (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 28.46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.67 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Perceived Instrumental Support (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 28.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.07 |
Other Pre-specified
Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ)
The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) consists of 10 items measured on a 7-point likert scale ranging from absolutely true to absolutely not true. The measure consists of two subscales: presence of meaning and search for meaning. Subscale scores range from 5 to 35; higher scores indicated better outcomes (greater meaning).
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
Population: Number of participants analyzed decreases at 6-months due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) | Presence subscale: 3-Months | 21.96 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.89 |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) | Searching subscale: 3-Months | 25.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.38 |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) | Searching subscale: 6-Months | 25.73 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.33 |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) | Presence subscale: 6-Months | 21.48 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.73 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) | Searching subscale: 6-Months | 25.02 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.01 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) | Presence subscale: 3-Months | 20.45 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.51 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) | Presence subscale: 6-Months | 19.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.47 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Perceived Meaning in Life, as Measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) | Searching subscale: 3-Months | 25.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7 |
Other Pre-specified
Perceived Rejection (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS))
The Adult Toolbox Social Relationship Scales measures social relationship concepts including social support, companionship, and social distress. The perceived rejection subscale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 8 to 40; higher scores indicate worse outcomes (greater loneliness).
Time frame: 3-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Perceived Rejection (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 18.43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.53 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Perceived Rejection (Measured by the NIH Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (ASRS)) | 19.14 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.22 |
Other Pre-specified
Perceived Social Support (Measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDPSS))
The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDPSS) contains 12 Likert scale items with three subscales to address different sources of support: family, friends, and significant other. Total scores are an average (mean) of the subscale scores. Mean scores under 2.9 are considered low support, mean scores 3-5 are considered moderate, and 5.1-7 are considered high. Scores range from 1-7, with 1 representing lowest support and 7 representing highest support.
Time frame: 3-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Perceived Social Support (Measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDPSS)) | 5.08 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Perceived Social Support (Measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDPSS)) | 4.91 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.43 |
Other Pre-specified
Quality of Life (Measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF))
Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) consists of 14 items, assesses satisfaction with a variety of life domains such as physical health, work, and social relationships. The scoring of the Q-LES-Q-SF involves summing only the first 14 items to yield a raw total score. The last two items are not included in the total score but are standalone items. The raw total score ranges from 14 to 70. Higher level of enjoyment and satisfaction with life are reflected in higher scores.
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
Population: The number of participants analyzed decreases at 6-months due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Quality of Life (Measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF)) | 3-Months | 46.41 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.42 |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Quality of Life (Measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF)) | 6-Months | 46.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.98 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Quality of Life (Measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF)) | 3-Months | 45.82 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.15 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Quality of Life (Measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF)) | 6-Months | 46.46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.81 |
Other Pre-specified
Self-reported Utilization of Health Care Services, as Measured by the Adapted Health Services Inventory
Count of participants who self-reported utilizing any mental health care services.
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
Population: Number of participants analyzed decreases at 6-months due to attrition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Self-reported Utilization of Health Care Services, as Measured by the Adapted Health Services Inventory | 3-Months | 109 Participants |
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Self-reported Utilization of Health Care Services, as Measured by the Adapted Health Services Inventory | 6-Months | 86 Participants |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Self-reported Utilization of Health Care Services, as Measured by the Adapted Health Services Inventory | 3-Months | 119 Participants |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Self-reported Utilization of Health Care Services, as Measured by the Adapted Health Services Inventory | 6-Months | 98 Participants |
Other Pre-specified
Thwarted Belongingness, as Measured by the Thwarted Belongingness Subscale of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10)
The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) is a 10-item, self-report measure of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The thwarted belongingness subscale of the INQ-10 consists of 6 items; scores range from 5 to 35, with higher scores indicating worse outcomes (greater thwarted belongingness).
Time frame: 3-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Thwarted Belongingness, as Measured by the Thwarted Belongingness Subscale of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) | 18.92 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.85 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Thwarted Belongingness, as Measured by the Thwarted Belongingness Subscale of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) | 19.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.04 |
Other Pre-specified
Worst Suicidal Ideation in Past 3 Months (Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS))
Patient's worst suicidal ideation in the previous 3-month time period as measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS). The BSS is a self-report 19-item scale preceded by five screening items. The BSS and its screening items assess thoughts, plans and intent to commit suicide. All 24 items are rated on a three-point scale (0 to 2). Total scores could range from 0 to 38 (if the screening items are included). No specific cut-off scores exist to classify severity. Increasing scores reflect greater suicide risk.
Time frame: 3-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Worst Suicidal Ideation in Past 3 Months (Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS)) | 10.66 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.5 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Worst Suicidal Ideation in Past 3 Months (Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS)) | 10.53 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.92 |
Other Pre-specified
Worst Suicidal Ideation in Past 3 Months (Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS))
Patient's worst suicidal ideation in the previous 3-month time period as measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS). The BSS is a self-report 19-item scale preceded by five screening items. The BSS and its screening items assess thoughts, plans and intent to commit suicide. All 24 items are rated on a three-point scale (0 to 2). Total scores could range from 0 to 38 (if the screening items are included). No specific cut-off scores exist to classify severity. Increasing scores reflect greater suicide risk.
Time frame: 6-months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Mentorship Intervention (PREVAIL) | Worst Suicidal Ideation in Past 3 Months (Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS)) | 7.76 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.14 |
| Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) | Worst Suicidal Ideation in Past 3 Months (Measured by the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS)) | 8.68 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.3 |