Diet Habit
Conditions
Brief summary
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to characterize the dietary intake of SNAP participants and nonparticipants by food source, including grocery stores, sit-down restaurants, and fast food.
Detailed description
The study used 4,237 low-income adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003-2006 and 2011-2014). De-identified data was collected from demographic questionnaires and 24 hour dietary recalls. We assessed intake of calories, solid fats, added sugars, and servings of non-starchy vegetables, whole fruits, and whole grains, by food source in SNAP participants and income-eligible nonparticipants. Associations between SNAP participation and dietary intake were analyzed using multivariate linear regression controlling for relevant sociodemographic characteristics.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 64 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Adults ages 20 - 64 * At or below 200% of the federal poverty level * Completed at least one 24-hour dietary recall
Exclusion criteria
* Younger than 20 years old or 65 years and older * Income above 200% the federal poverty level * No participation in dietary recall
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Caloric intake | 2003-2014 | Number of calories consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. |
| Solid fat | 2003-2014 | Number of grams of solid fat and percent of intake from solid fat consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. |
| Added sugar | 2003-2014 | Number of grams of added sugar and percent of intake from added sugar consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. |
| Non-starchy vegetables | 2003-2014 | Cup-equivalent servings of non-starchy vegetables consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. |
| Whole fruit | 2003-2014 | Cup-equivalent servings of whole fruits consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. |
| Whole grains | 2003-2014 | Ounce-equivalents of whole grains consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. |
Outcome results
None listed