Obstructive Sleep Apnea of Child
Conditions
Keywords
pediatric, obstructive sleep apnea, polysomnography, quality of life, adenotonsillectomy
Brief summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease characterized by repeated partial or complete upper airway collapse during sleep, accompanied by arousals or oxygen desaturation. It was reported to affect 5.7 %\ 9.6 % of pediatric population in western countries and 5.5 %\ 7.8 % in China. Children's physical developing and brain functioning as well as quality of life (QoL) could be greatly impaired if the disease was left untreated. Polysomnography (PSG) was recognized as gold standard for diagnosing OSA. However, for pediatric OSA, there exists dispute on the PSG diagnostic criteria. Pediatric OSA was mostly caused by hypertrophy of adenoid or palatine tonsillar. For those PSG validated patients, nonsurgical management was often prescribed, in addition, surgical intervention, i.e. adenotonsillectomy was also commonly applied and had been proved efficient both in terms of PSG and in terms of symptoms, behaviors and QoL rated by caregivers. However, for children with controversial diagnoses by ATS and ICSD-3, little was known about whether surgical or nonsurgical management was effective. We aim at investigating the effect of adenotonsillectomy versus nonsurgical management on QoL in these subjects. And the hypothesis is that adenotonsillectomy improves QoL better than nonsurgical management in children with controversial diagnoses of OSA by ATS and ICSD-3.
Detailed description
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease characterized by repeated partial or complete upper airway collapse during sleep, accompanied by arousals or oxygen desaturation. It was reported to affect 5.7 %\ 9.6 % of pediatric population in western countries and 5.5 %\ 7.8 % in China. Children's physical developing and brain functioning as well as quality of life (QoL) could be greatly impaired if the disease was left untreated. Polysomnography (PSG) was recognized as gold standard for diagnosing OSA. However, for pediatric OSA, there exists dispute on the PSG diagnostic criteria. The American Thoracic Society standard (ATS) treated children with AHI \> 5/H or obstructive apnea index (OAI) \> 1/H as abnormal, while the International Classification of Sleep Disorder standard (ICSD-3) used obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) ≥ 1/H. Due to the differences of the above criteria, there were a set of children whose diagnoses were controversial, making the treatment decision rather thorny. Pediatric OSA was mostly caused by hypertrophy of adenoid or palatine tonsillar. For those PSG validated patients, nonsurgical management was often prescribed, in addition, surgical intervention, i.e. adenotonsillectomy was also commonly applied and had been proved efficient both in terms of PSG and in terms of symptoms, behaviors and QoL rated by caregivers. However, for children with controversial diagnoses by ATS and ICSD-3, little was known about whether surgical or nonsurgical management was effective. We aim at investigating the effect of adenotonsillectomy versus nonsurgical management on QoL in these subjects. And the hypothesis is that adenotonsillectomy improves QoL better than nonsurgical management in children with controversial diagnoses of OSA by ATS and ICSD-3.
Interventions
PROCEDUREadenotonsillectomy
Resection of adenoidal tissue or hypertrophy tonsils by radiofrequency ablation or other methods.
OTHERNonsurgical management
Nasal Irrigation or inhaled corticosteroids, etc.
Sponsors
Beijing Children's Hospital
Shanghai 6th People's Hospital
Shenzhen People's Hospital
Beijing Tongren Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
2 Years to 14 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Aged between 2 to 14 years * Complaints of habitual sleep snoring, apnea, mouth breathing, daytime somnolence * ATS positive (AHI \> 5/H or OAI \> 1/H) & ICSD-3 negative (OAHI \< 1/H) or ATS negative (AHI ≤5 /H or OAI ≤ 1/H) & ICSD-3 positive (OAHI ≥ 1/H)
Exclusion criteria
* Aged below 2 or above 14 years * Unconscious * Facial dysplasia * Neuro-psychological diseases * Having taken spirit or nervous system drugs within 3 months * Diagnosed with acromegaly, hypothyroidism, vocal cord paralysis, laryngeal spasm, epilepsy， narcolepsy or neuromuscular disease * Having received systematic treatment for OSA (having used a ventilator for more than 1 month, or having received adenotonsillectomy.) * Caregivers did not fill out the questionnaire either pre or postoperatively
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| OSA-18 | At least 6 month. | A quality of life questionnaire OSA-18 was used. It was presented by Franco RA and colleagues, and proven good test-retest reliability and internal consistency and widely used for evaluating QoL of snoring children. In this study, QoL was assessed by OSA-18. It was filled by the caregivers with the assistance of designated medical staff before PSG monitoring as well as when subjects were followed up. The questionnaire consisted of 18 items and 5 domains: sleep disturbance, physical symptoms, emotional symptoms, daytime function, and caregiver concerns. Each item was scored 1 to 7, and the total score ranged from 18 to 126 (the higher the score, the more severe the situation). |
Countries
China
Contacts
Primary ContactGuoqiang Zhao, PhD
Outcome results
None listed