Immune Dysfunction
Conditions
Keywords
strenuous exercise, dietary supplementation, immune system, leucocyte function, inflammation
Brief summary
The purpose of this study was evaluate the comparative effects of FO rich in EPA (FO-EPA) and FO rich in DHA (FO-DHA) on inflammation and neutrophil properties after a prolonged and strenuous exercise. The effect of soybean lecithin on the same parameters and conditions also was evaluated.
Detailed description
The volunteers were not taking any medication during the study. All individuals signed an informed consent form to the study protocol. Both experimental procedure and informed consent form of this study were in accordance with Guide for the Care and Use of Humans. All volunteers performed two half-marathons. In the first half-marathon, all participants were not supplemented. Dietary supplementation was initiated immediately after the first race. The volunteers were randomly separated into 3 groups: Soybean lecithin group; Fish oil-DHA group and Fish oil-EPA group. The volunteers ingested 3 g daily of SL or FO-DHA containing 1.5 g DHA and 0.3 g EPA or FO-EPA containing 1.6 g EPA and 0.3 g DHA (EPA:DHA = 5.4:1) during 60 days. Experimental design: First race - not supplemented, blood samples were collected before (Phase I) and immediately after race (Phase II). Second race - dietary supplemented, blood samples were collected before (Phase III) and immediately after the race (Phase IV). Results were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test. The statistical analysis of the half-marathon effect was performed using nonparametric t tests. Results were considered statistically significant for P\<0.05.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTdietary supplementation
The volunteers ingested 3 g daily of Soybean lecithin or fish oil rich in docosa-hexanoic acid (DHA) containing 1.5 g DHA and 0.3 g EPA (DHA:EPA = 5:1) or fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) containing 1.6 g EPA and 0.3 g DHA (EPA:DHA = 5.4:1) during 60 days.
OTHERExercise
All volunteers performed two half-marathons. In the first half-marathon, all participants were not supplemented. In the second half-marathon, all participants were supplemented. Blood samples were collected before and after both half-marathon race.
Sponsors
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
University of Sao Paulo
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
20 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Healthy recreational half-marathon runners.
Exclusion criteria
Auto-immune disease Inflammatory disease Cardiorespiratory disease
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Neutrophil expression of ICAM-1, L-selectin, FasR and TRAIL | Immediately after the first race (Phase II) and immediately after the second race in supplemented athletes (Phase IV). | Neutrophil expression was expressed in fluorescence intensity evaluated by flow cytometry at 530/30 nm (FITC) 660/20 nm (APC) or 695/40 nm (PE) wavelengths (BD Accuri cytometer). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma concentrations of IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. | Immediately after the first race (Phase II) and immediately after the second race in supplemented athletes (Phase IV). | Plasma concentrations of IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in pg/mL were measured by Millipore® Multiplex Assays Using Luminex® (Millipore Corp., MA). |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Blood leukocytes counts | Immediately after the first race (Phase II) and immediately after the second race in supplemented athletes (Phase IV). | Blood leukocyte counts in number of cells per mL was performed immediately after collection using routine automated system (hematological analysis cytochemic/isovolumetric assay). |
| Plasma LDH activity | Immediately after the first race (Phase II) and immediately after the second race in supplemented athletes (Phase IV). | Plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in U/L was immediately measured using an automated system (kinetic-enzymatic assay). |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed