Snoring
Conditions
Brief summary
Silent Night is a solution for primary snorers to guide them to the proper anti-snoring solution. It consists of a mobile application, which had an intake questionnaire, guides users to one of three anti-snoring solutions; a nasal dilator called, Mute (Rhinomed, Australia), a mandibular advancement device called myTAP V (Airway Management, Austin, TX) and a Sleep Positional Trainer SPT (SPT) (NightBalance, Netherlands). The Silent Night app also records snoring through the night and provides feedback to the user via a snore score.
Detailed description
Silent Night is a solution for primary snorers to guide them to the proper anti-snoring solution. It consists of a mobile application, which had an intake questionnaire, guides users to one of three anti-snoring solutions; a nasal dilator called, Mute (Rhinomed, Australia), a mandibular advancement device called myTAP V (Airway Management, Austin, TX) and a Sleep Positional Trainer SPT (SPT) (NightBalance, Netherlands). The Silent Night app also records snoring through the night and provides feedback to the user via a snore score. The objective of this trial is twofold. First, each of the interventions to be studied are known to be effective for snoring cessation. However, each is not fully effective in the total population. Their effectiveness is predicated on how an individual snores and where the snore anatomically originates. I.e. if someone position ally snores because their tongue moves back in their mouth, it is unlikely a nasal dilator will work for that individual. In order to improve the SilentNight recommendation algorithm more information needs to be gathered. By asking a battery of questions of a snorer, and having them trial all three snoring solutions it may be possible to understand the comparative effectiveness of each solution, the user acceptance of each solution and which questions should be used to discern what solution will work best for a given individual. The second objective is to collect in the wild audio of snoring. The goal of this data collection, is to identify unique characteristics in the sound recording. These paired with the answers to the intake questions, and the relative effectiveness of the three anti-snoring solutions could phenotype the snore and snorer. This audio data could also be used to develop or refine a snore score, a semi-objective assessment of snoring audio. To accomplish these goals, a feasibility, crossover, in home study will be conducted. Up to 30 couples will be recruited to try each of the anti-snoring solutions over an approximately 5 week period. The participant couples will consist of a snorer and a bed partner. The snorer will use the three solutions (1 week for Mute, 2 weeks for myTAP and SPT) and give feedback on the devices, and sleep quality. The bed partner will also provide feedback on their sleep quality, the loudness of snoring and their perception of the device (as a non-user). They will also record bedroom sound during each night of the trial, including a baseline period where no snoring will take place. Each morning the bed partner will rate the snoring severity. The primary endpoint will be the daily rating of snoring severity as rated by the bed partner. The daily responses will be averaged on a weekly basis. Due to titration and acclimation during the first 9 nights of use nights 10-14 of myTAP V and SPT use will be compared to the week of Mute use. If formal statistical comparisons are performed, continuous data will be compared between the three therapies using repeated-measures ANOVA or the non-parametric Friedman Test, depending on the distributions of the endpoints. If an overall significant effect is observed, post-hoc pairwise tests will be done with a suitable adjustment for multiple comparisons. Categorical data will be compared between therapies using the Cochran's Q test.
Interventions
Mute is a pair of nasal dilators that fit snugly in the nose of the snorer dilating the nostrils to help reduce or eliminate snoring. This is an over-the-counter (OTC) product and is cleared by FDA for use in the United States. The introduction video for Mute is located at http://mutesnoring.com/how-to-use/.
For purposes of this trial, we will be using an investigational myTAP V, which is not available for commercial use. The changes from the released product are: a vertical offset (+3mm) has been added to the design of the adjustment post and mechanism to improve overall comfort. myTAPTM is a mandibular advancement device used for snoring relief. The product requires a prescription and is cleared by FDA for use in the United States.
Sleep Positional Trainer (SPT) is a small device worn around the chest with an ergonomic band that continuously monitors the sleep position of the snorer. When the snorer is supine, it emits a gentle vibration to remind them to turn to the side to help reduce or eliminate their snoring.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
(Snorer): * Adults aged 21 to 55 * Able and willing to provide written informed consent * Able to read and understand English * History of snoring for more than 6 months (by self-report). * Sleep with a bed partner for at least 4 nights per week (by self-report). * Told by bed partner that snoring frequently disturbs his or her sleep (by self-report). * Have seen a dentist within 12 months (by self-report). * Willing to not use any anti-snoring aids that are not associated with the study (by self-report). * Has purchased or used or bed partner has purchased an anti-snoring product in the past (by self-report) \[These individuals may be included in the study if recruitment timeline dictates it\]
Exclusion criteria
(Snorer): * Scored higher than a 9 on the Modified Snore Scale Score (MSSS\>9) * Scored higher than a 6 on the OSA 50 screener (OSA50\>6) * The presence of physical or mental limitations that would limit the ability to use the anti-snoring solutions. * Any unstable medical condition like congestive heart failure, neuromuscular disease, renal failure, or cancer (as determined by self-report and reviewed by the study PI). * Any severe respiratory condition (like an exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, bronchitis, sinusitis, respiratory failure or insufficiency or patients requiring oxygen therapy). * Known history of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) or Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome (by self-report) * Only able to sleep in the supine (flat on one's back) position (by self-report). * Actively suffering from an upper respiratory infection (by self-report). * Have a planned medical or dental procedure involving the head, neck, face (eyes, ears, nose, teeth, mouth), or lungs during the trial period (by self-report). * Under active treatment for an active dental problem by a dentist or orthodontist * Have one or more of the following dental issues (by self-report) * Removable dentures or bridges. * Temporary crowns, loose teeth, loose crowns, loose fillings, or broken teeth * Less than 8 natural, healthy teeth in each dental arch (upper and lower teeth) * Dental braces * TemporoMandibular Joint (TMJ) issues Inclusion Criteria (Bed Partner): * Adults aged 21 to 70 * Able and willing to provide written informed consent * Able to read and understand English * Rates sleep disturbance caused by partner's snoring greater than or equal to 4 on a scale of 1-10 * Rates level of snoring volume greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 1-10 * Willing to sleep in same room as snorer during the study period (by self -report). * Willing to not start any new over-the-counter or prescription sleep medication including sedatives and hypnotics during the study period (by self-report).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bed Partners' Rating of Sleep Disturbance Due to Partner Snoring | 5 weeks | Bed partner subjective feedback based upon a 0 to 10 scale of how much did your partner's snoring disturb your sleep last night. 0 was the worst, 10 was the best. This is was evaluated at the end of each period. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Users Acceptance of Each Solution | 5 weeks | A star rating based on a 1 -5 scale, overall customer satisfaction with the product (0 to 10 scale), likeliness to buy the product (0 to 10 scale), likeliness to recommend purchase (0 to 10 scale). For the Star rating 1 is the worst, 5 is the best. For the 0 to 10 scale, 0 is the worst, 10 is the best. This was the average acceptance of all users. |
| Understand User Acceptance of the Bed Partner of Each Solution | 5 weeks | likeliness to recommend purchase (0 to 10 scale). 0 is the worst, 10 is the best. |
| Overall Satisfaction of the Bed Partner of Each Solution | 5 weeks | Overall Satisfaction of the Solution from the bed partner (0 to 10 scale). 0 is the worst, 10 is the best. |
| Total Number of Audio Recordings | Baseline and 5 weeks | Total number of Audio recordings of snoring in different individuals in a baseline setting and using various anti-snoring solutions. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
58 participants at one site were consented in October 2017 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 29 were snorers, 29 were bed partners.
Pre-assignment details
Of the 29 couples, 2 participants screened out. Therefore 27 participants started the study.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Snorers All participants that entered the study that were considered snorers. | 29 |
| Bed Partners All participants that entered the study that were considered bed partners. | 29 |
| Total | 58 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandibular Advancement | Adverse Event | 2 |
| Mandibular Advancement | Product Damage | 2 |
| Nasal Dilator | Bed Partner Lost to follow up | 6 |
| Screening Period | Screen Failure | 4 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Snorers | Bed Partners | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 29 Participants | 29 Participants | 58 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 43.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 | 43.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.3 | 43.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 31.1 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.5 | — | 31.1 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.5 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 28 Participants | 28 Participants | 56 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Neck Circumference | 16 inches STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 | — | 16 inches STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 3 Participants | 5 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 23 Participants | 24 Participants | 47 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 29 participants | 29 participants | 58 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 9 Participants | 16 Participants | 25 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 20 Participants | 13 Participants | 33 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 27 | 0 / 27 | 0 / 27 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 27 | 3 / 27 | 0 / 27 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 27 | 0 / 27 | 0 / 27 |
Outcome results
Bed Partners' Rating of Sleep Disturbance Due to Partner Snoring
Bed partner subjective feedback based upon a 0 to 10 scale of how much did your partner's snoring disturb your sleep last night. 0 was the worst, 10 was the best. This is was evaluated at the end of each period.
Time frame: 5 weeks
Population: This includes all bed partners that completed the subjective feedback survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal Dilator | Bed Partners' Rating of Sleep Disturbance Due to Partner Snoring | 5.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Mandibular Advancement | Bed Partners' Rating of Sleep Disturbance Due to Partner Snoring | 3.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Positional Therapy | Bed Partners' Rating of Sleep Disturbance Due to Partner Snoring | 4.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
Overall Satisfaction of the Bed Partner of Each Solution
Overall Satisfaction of the Solution from the bed partner (0 to 10 scale). 0 is the worst, 10 is the best.
Time frame: 5 weeks
Population: All bed partners that completed the final survey were included in the analysis. Not all bed partners completed the final survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal Dilator | Overall Satisfaction of the Bed Partner of Each Solution | 5.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.3 |
| Mandibular Advancement | Overall Satisfaction of the Bed Partner of Each Solution | 5.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.6 |
| Positional Therapy | Overall Satisfaction of the Bed Partner of Each Solution | 6.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
Total Number of Audio Recordings
Total number of Audio recordings of snoring in different individuals in a baseline setting and using various anti-snoring solutions.
Time frame: Baseline and 5 weeks
Population: All participants that entered the study had recordings. This record just includes snorer records, not bed partner.~12 recording could not be counted as they were not classified correctly by participants. Additional baseline nights were recorded by participants because of baseline extension or recordings in between device use.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Nasal Dilator | Total Number of Audio Recordings | 113 audio recordings |
| Mandibular Advancement | Total Number of Audio Recordings | 168 audio recordings |
| Positional Therapy | Total Number of Audio Recordings | 328 audio recordings |
| Positional Therapy | Total Number of Audio Recordings | 308 audio recordings |
Understand User Acceptance of the Bed Partner of Each Solution
likeliness to recommend purchase (0 to 10 scale). 0 is the worst, 10 is the best.
Time frame: 5 weeks
Population: All bed partners that completed the final survey were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal Dilator | Understand User Acceptance of the Bed Partner of Each Solution | 4.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.2 |
| Mandibular Advancement | Understand User Acceptance of the Bed Partner of Each Solution | 4.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4 |
| Positional Therapy | Understand User Acceptance of the Bed Partner of Each Solution | 5.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.4 |
Users Acceptance of Each Solution
A star rating based on a 1 -5 scale, overall customer satisfaction with the product (0 to 10 scale), likeliness to buy the product (0 to 10 scale), likeliness to recommend purchase (0 to 10 scale). For the Star rating 1 is the worst, 5 is the best. For the 0 to 10 scale, 0 is the worst, 10 is the best. This was the average acceptance of all users.
Time frame: 5 weeks
Population: All snorers were included in the analysis
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal Dilator | Users Acceptance of Each Solution | overall customer satisfaction with the product | 6.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
| Nasal Dilator | Users Acceptance of Each Solution | Star Rating | 3.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Nasal Dilator | Users Acceptance of Each Solution | likeliness to buy the product | 6.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| Mandibular Advancement | Users Acceptance of Each Solution | overall customer satisfaction with the product | 4.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.3 |
| Mandibular Advancement | Users Acceptance of Each Solution | Star Rating | 2.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Mandibular Advancement | Users Acceptance of Each Solution | likeliness to buy the product | 4.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.6 |
| Positional Therapy | Users Acceptance of Each Solution | Star Rating | 3.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Positional Therapy | Users Acceptance of Each Solution | likeliness to buy the product | 5.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.1 |
| Positional Therapy | Users Acceptance of Each Solution | overall customer satisfaction with the product | 5.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |