Electroencephalographic Neonatal Seizures
Conditions
Keywords
Electroencephalographic neonatal seizures, Brivaracetam, Epilepsy, ENS, Newborns, Pharmacokinetic
Brief summary
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of brivaracetam (BRV) in neonates who have seizures that are not adequately controlled with previous antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment, and to identify the optimal BRV dose (Exploratory Cohort) for the treatment of subjects enrolled into the Confirmatory Cohorts of this study.
Interventions
DRUGBrivaracetam (BRV) intravenous (iv)
Exploratory Cohort: Subjects will be dosed with BRV (0.5 mg/kg twice daily (bid)) according to the sites standard procedures. Treatment with 1 or more of the following antiepileptic drugs (AEDs): phenobarbital (PB), midazolam (MDZ), phenytoin (PHT), levetiracetam (LEV), or lidocaine (LDC) (first-line, second-line, or subsequent treatment) will continue in parallel with BRV treatment. Confirmatory Cohort: For subjects who enter the Confirmatory Cohorts, for the strength of BRV 1 mg/kg bid (2 mg/kg/day) has been determined based on the Pharmacokinetic (PK) findings of the Exploratory Cohort. Based on further monitoring of PK and safety findings dosing may be adjusted as new data are available. Administration of BRV is proposed as approximately 15-minute intravenous (iv) infusions. Treatment with previous antiepileptic drugs is permitted to continue if the subject is on a stable dose from 1 hour prior to initiation of the BRV treatment.
DRUGBrivaracetam (BRV) oral
Subjects can switch from intravenous (iv) to oral brivaracetam (BRV) at any time during the BRV Extension Period
Sponsors
UCB Biopharma SRL
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Days to 28 Days
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Confirmation on video-electroencephalography (VEEG) of \>= 2 minutes of cumulative electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS), or \>=3 identifiable ENS prior to entering the Evaluation Period, despite receiving previous antiepileptic drug treatment for the treatment of electroencephalographic seizures. The occurrence of ENS during an up to 1-hour period must be confirmed either by the local or central VEEG reader prior to drug administration. Preferably, the central VEEG reader should confirm the required ENS * Subject is male or female and must be at least 34 weeks of corrected gestational age (CGA). In addition, term neonates up to 27 days of postnatal age (PNA) and preterm neonates up to 40 weeks of CGA and 27 days of PNA can be enrolled * Subject weighs at least 2.3 kg at the time of enrollment * Subjects with or without concomitant hypothermia treatment
Exclusion criteria
Subjects are not permitted to be enrolled in the study if any of the following criteria are met: * Subject receiving antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment other than phenobarbital, midazolam, phenytoin, levetiracetam (≤60 mg/kg/day), or lidocaine for the treatment of seizures prior to or at the time of enrollment (Confirmatory Cohorts only) * Subject with seizures responding to any of the following: previous AED treatment immediately prior to BRV treatment, pyridoxine treatment, or correction of metabolic disturbances (hypoglycemia, hypomagnesemia, or hypocalcemia) * Subject requires extra corporeal membrane oxygenation * Subject has seizures related to prenatal maternal drug use or drug withdrawal * Subject has known severe disturbance of hemostasis, as assessed by the Investigator * Subject has a poor prognosis for survival, as judged by the Investigator * Subject has 2x upper limit of normal (ULN) of any of the following: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), with the following exception: For subjects with perinatal asphyxia, elevation of AST, ALT or ALP \<5x ULN is acceptable, if initial and peak elevation of liver function tests (LFTs) occurs within 5 days after birth, and the time course of LFT elevation is compatible with hepatic injury due to perinatal asphyxia. The determination of ULN will be based on the subject's gestational age (GA) and the site's normal range values for the respective GA * Subject has direct (conjugated) bilirubin levels \>2 mg/dL * Subject requiring or expected to require phototherapy or exchange transfusion due to elevated bilirubin * Subject with rapidly increasing bilirubin that may preclude the subject from inclusion in the study at the discretion of the Investigator
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma Concentration of Brivaracetam (BRV) Following First Dose on Day 1 | Pharmacokinetic blood samples were taken 0.5 to 1 hour, 2 to 4 hours, and 8 to 12 hours after the BRV infusion on Day 1 | Pharmacokinetic blood samples were taken 0.5 to 1 hour, 2 to 4 hours, and 8 to 12 hours after the BRV infusion on Day 1 to determine the BRV plasma concentration. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Responders to BRV Treatment From Baseline to 3 Hours After the Initial BRV Treatment | From Baseline to 3 hours after the initial BRV treatment | A BRV responder was defined as a participant who achieved the following reduction in seizure burden (electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS) in minutes per hour) without need for rescue medication, compared to the seizure burden measured during the Baseline Period immediately prior to BRV administration, evaluated for a 2-hour period starting 1 hour after the start of initial BRV treatment: At least 80% reduction in nonsevere seizure burden (Nonsevere seizure burden is defined as \<=50% seizure activity on video-electroencephalography (VEEG) in all 30-minute timespans), OR At least 50 % reduction in severe seizure burden (Severe seizure burden is defined as \>50 % seizure activity on VEEG in any 30-minute timespan). Timespans of 30 minutes refer to the following intervals within the 2-hour period: 0 to \<= 30 minutes, \> 30 to \<= 60 minutes, \>60 to \<= 90 minutes, and \>90 to \<= 120 minutes. |
| Percentage of Participants With at Least 80% Reduction in Nonsevere Seizure Burden From Baseline to 3 Hours After the Initial BRV Treatment | From Baseline to 3 hours after the initial BRV treatment | Nonsevere seizure burden was defined as \<=50% seizure activity on VEEG in all 30-minute timespans. Seizure burden was measured during the Baseline Period immediately prior to BRV administration and evaluated for a 2-hour period starting 1 hour after the start of initial BRV. Timespans of 30 minutes refer to the following intervals within the 2-hour period: 0 to \<= 30 minutes, \> 30 to \<= 60 minutes, \>60 to \<= 90 minutes, and \>90 to \<= 120 minutes. |
| Percentage of Participants With at Least 50% Reduction in Severe Seizure Burden From Baseline to 3 Hours After the Initial BRV Treatment | From Baseline to 3 hours after the initial BRV treatment | Severe seizure burden was defined as \>50% seizure activity on VEEG in any 30-minute timespan. Seizure burden was measured during the Baseline Period immediately prior to BRV administration and evaluated for a 2-hour period starting 1 hour after the start of initial BRV. Timespans of 30 minutes refer to the following intervals within the 2-hour period: 0 to \<= 30 minutes, \> 30 to \<= 60 minutes, \>60 to \<= 90 minutes, and \>90 to \<= 120 minutes. |
| Percentage Change in Average Seizure Burden Measured by Continuous VEEG From Baseline to the End of the 96-hour Evaluation Period | From Baseline to the end of the 96-hour Evaluation Period | Seizure burden was measured by continuous video-electroencephalography (VEEG). Baseline seizure burden was defined as seizure burden measured on the continuous VEEG (total electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS) in minutes per hour) during a period of up to 1 hour immediately prior to the first administration of study drug. |
| Percentage of BRV Responders at the End of the 96-hour Evaluation Period | From Baseline to the end of the 96-hour Evaluation Period | A BRV responder was defined as a participant who achieves the following reduction in seizure burden (electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS) in minutes per hour) without need for rescue medication, compared to the seizure burden measured during the Baseline Period immediately prior to BRV administration, evaluated for a 2-hour period starting 1 hour after the start of initial BRV treatment: At least 80% reduction in nonsevere seizure burden (Nonsevere seizure burden is defined as \<=50% seizure activity on VEEG in all 30-minute timespans), OR At least 50% reduction in severe seizure burden (Severe seizure burden is defined as \>50% seizure activity on VEEG in any 30-minute timespan). |
| Percentage of Participants Who Are Seizure-free at 24 Hours Following the Start of Initial BRV Treatment, Categorized by Subjects With Nonsevere or Severe Seizure Burden at Baseline | From Baseline to 24 hours after the initial BRV treatment | Seizure freedom is defined as 100 % reduction in seizure burden from Baseline. |
| Absolute Change in Average Seizure Burden Measured by Continuous Video-electroencephalography (VEEG) From Baseline to the End of the 96-hour Evaluation Period | From Baseline to the end of the 96-hour Evaluation Period | Seizure burden was measured by continuous video-electroencephalography (VEEG). Baseline seizure burden is defined as seizure burden measured on the continuous VEEG (total electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS) in minutes per hour) during a period of up to 1 hour immediately prior to the first administration of study drug. |
| Percentage of Participants With Seizure Freedom at the End of the Down-Titration Period | From Baseline to the end of the Down-Titration Period (up to 97 days) | Seizure freedom was defined as 100% reduction in seizure burden from Baseline. |
| Percentage of Participants With at Least 50% Reduction in Electroencephalographic Neonatal Seizures (ENS) Frequency Per Hour From Baseline to the End of the 96-hour Evaluation Period | From Baseline to the end of the 96-hour Evaluation Period | For this study, an ENS was defined as an EEG seizure lasting for at least 10 seconds on VEEG. Baseline seizure burden was defined as seizure burden measured on the continuous VEEG (total ENS in minutes per hour) during a period of up to 1 hour immediately prior to the first administration of study drug. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Are Seizure-free by Time Interval Over the 96-hour Evaluation Period Following the Start of the Initial BRV Treatment | From 3 hours following the start of the initial BRV treatment to the end of the 96-hour Evaluation Period | Seizure freedom was defined as 100% reduction in seizure burden from Baseline. |
| Absolute Difference in Clinical Seizures at the End of the 24-hour Evaluation Period From Baseline for Neonates With Motor Seizures at the Time of Inclusion | From Baseline to the end of the 24-hour Evaluation Period | Seizures was measured by continuous video-electroencephalography (VEEG). |
| Percent Difference in Clinical Seizures at the End of the 24-hour Evaluation Period From Baseline for Neonates With Motor Seizures at the Time of Inclusion | From Baseline to the end of the 24-hour Evaluation Period | Seizures was measured by continuous video-electroencephalography (VEEG). |
| Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) as Reported by the Investigator | Adverse Events were collected from Screening Period until the Safety Follow-Up Visit (up to Day 75) | An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation study participant administered a pharmaceutical product that did not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. |
| Time to Reduction in Seizure Burden for BRV Responders | From Baseline to the first timepoint when BRV responder criteria are met (up to 96-hour Evaluation Period) | A BRV responder was defined as a participant who achieves the following reduction in seizure burden (electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS) in minutes per hour) without need for rescue medication, compared to the seizure burden measured during the Baseline Period immediately prior to BRV administration, evaluated for a 2-hour period starting 1 hour after the start of initial BRV treatment: At least 80% reduction in nonsevere seizure burden (Nonsevere seizure burden is defined as \<=50% seizure activity on VEEG in all 30-minute timespans), OR At least 50% reduction in severe seizure burden (Severe seizure burden is defined as \>50% seizure activity on VEEG in any 30-minute timespan). |
Countries
Belgium, Czechia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, United Kingdom
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The study started to enroll participants in May 2019 and concluded in May 2021.
Pre-assignment details
No eligible study participants were enrolled in the Confirmatory Cohorts. The study stopped prematurely due to enrolment challenges, the termination was not linked to any safety issues. The Participant Flow refers to the All Subjects Screened.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Exploratory Cohort Participants in this arm received brivaracetam (BRV) 0.5 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) administered as an intravenous (iv) solution for injection twice daily (bid) during the 48-hour Evaluation Period. An additional 3 doses of BRV (0.5 mg/kg) could have been administered every 12 hours for 48 hours (at the discretion of the Investigator). Treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) per standard of care (SToC) (first-line, second-line, or subsequent treatment) were continued in parallel with BRV treatment. | 9 |
| Total | 9 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Ineligibility | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Exploratory Cohort |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 39.2 weeks STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.9 |
| Age, Customized Gestational Age <37 weeks | 2 Participants |
| Age, Customized Gestational Age >=37 weeks | 7 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other/mixed | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 8 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 6 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 3 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 9 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 5 / 9 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 9 |
Outcome results
Primary
Plasma Concentration of Brivaracetam (BRV) Following First Dose on Day 1
Pharmacokinetic blood samples were taken 0.5 to 1 hour, 2 to 4 hours, and 8 to 12 hours after the BRV infusion on Day 1 to determine the BRV plasma concentration.
Time frame: Pharmacokinetic blood samples were taken 0.5 to 1 hour, 2 to 4 hours, and 8 to 12 hours after the BRV infusion on Day 1
Population: The Pharmacokinetic Per-Protocol Set (PK-PPS) consisted of all study participants who provided at least 1 measurable post-Baseline plasma sample (with recorded sampling time) on at least 1 post-Baseline Visit with documented study drug intake times. Each participant was assessed once within the specified time-range and the average of the participants included in the given time-range is presented here. Here, 'n' (Number analyzed) signifies participants who were evaluable at specified time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exploratory Cohort | Plasma Concentration of Brivaracetam (BRV) Following First Dose on Day 1 | 0.5-1 hour | 534.2 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 15.4 |
| Exploratory Cohort | Plasma Concentration of Brivaracetam (BRV) Following First Dose on Day 1 | 2-4 hours | 500.1 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 28.2 |
| Exploratory Cohort | Plasma Concentration of Brivaracetam (BRV) Following First Dose on Day 1 | 8-12 hours | 342.7 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 13.2 |
Secondary
Absolute Change in Average Seizure Burden Measured by Continuous Video-electroencephalography (VEEG) From Baseline to the End of the 96-hour Evaluation Period
Seizure burden was measured by continuous video-electroencephalography (VEEG). Baseline seizure burden is defined as seizure burden measured on the continuous VEEG (total electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS) in minutes per hour) during a period of up to 1 hour immediately prior to the first administration of study drug.
Time frame: From Baseline to the end of the 96-hour Evaluation Period
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Absolute Difference in Clinical Seizures at the End of the 24-hour Evaluation Period From Baseline for Neonates With Motor Seizures at the Time of Inclusion
Seizures was measured by continuous video-electroencephalography (VEEG).
Time frame: From Baseline to the end of the 24-hour Evaluation Period
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Percentage Change in Average Seizure Burden Measured by Continuous VEEG From Baseline to the End of the 96-hour Evaluation Period
Seizure burden was measured by continuous video-electroencephalography (VEEG). Baseline seizure burden was defined as seizure burden measured on the continuous VEEG (total electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS) in minutes per hour) during a period of up to 1 hour immediately prior to the first administration of study drug.
Time frame: From Baseline to the end of the 96-hour Evaluation Period
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Percentage of BRV Responders at the End of the 96-hour Evaluation Period
A BRV responder was defined as a participant who achieves the following reduction in seizure burden (electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS) in minutes per hour) without need for rescue medication, compared to the seizure burden measured during the Baseline Period immediately prior to BRV administration, evaluated for a 2-hour period starting 1 hour after the start of initial BRV treatment: At least 80% reduction in nonsevere seizure burden (Nonsevere seizure burden is defined as \<=50% seizure activity on VEEG in all 30-minute timespans), OR At least 50% reduction in severe seizure burden (Severe seizure burden is defined as \>50% seizure activity on VEEG in any 30-minute timespan).
Time frame: From Baseline to the end of the 96-hour Evaluation Period
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Are Seizure-free at 24 Hours Following the Start of Initial BRV Treatment, Categorized by Subjects With Nonsevere or Severe Seizure Burden at Baseline
Seizure freedom is defined as 100 % reduction in seizure burden from Baseline.
Time frame: From Baseline to 24 hours after the initial BRV treatment
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Are Seizure-free by Time Interval Over the 96-hour Evaluation Period Following the Start of the Initial BRV Treatment
Seizure freedom was defined as 100% reduction in seizure burden from Baseline.
Time frame: From 3 hours following the start of the initial BRV treatment to the end of the 96-hour Evaluation Period
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) as Reported by the Investigator
An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation study participant administered a pharmaceutical product that did not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment.
Time frame: Adverse Events were collected from Screening Period until the Safety Follow-Up Visit (up to Day 75)
Population: The All Study Participants Screened Set consisted of all study participants who had signed the ICF and underwent the study inclusion and exclusion criteria of the current protocol.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Exploratory Cohort | Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) as Reported by the Investigator | 55.6 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With at Least 50% Reduction in Electroencephalographic Neonatal Seizures (ENS) Frequency Per Hour From Baseline to the End of the 96-hour Evaluation Period
For this study, an ENS was defined as an EEG seizure lasting for at least 10 seconds on VEEG. Baseline seizure burden was defined as seizure burden measured on the continuous VEEG (total ENS in minutes per hour) during a period of up to 1 hour immediately prior to the first administration of study drug.
Time frame: From Baseline to the end of the 96-hour Evaluation Period
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With at Least 50% Reduction in Severe Seizure Burden From Baseline to 3 Hours After the Initial BRV Treatment
Severe seizure burden was defined as \>50% seizure activity on VEEG in any 30-minute timespan. Seizure burden was measured during the Baseline Period immediately prior to BRV administration and evaluated for a 2-hour period starting 1 hour after the start of initial BRV. Timespans of 30 minutes refer to the following intervals within the 2-hour period: 0 to \<= 30 minutes, \> 30 to \<= 60 minutes, \>60 to \<= 90 minutes, and \>90 to \<= 120 minutes.
Time frame: From Baseline to 3 hours after the initial BRV treatment
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With at Least 80% Reduction in Nonsevere Seizure Burden From Baseline to 3 Hours After the Initial BRV Treatment
Nonsevere seizure burden was defined as \<=50% seizure activity on VEEG in all 30-minute timespans. Seizure burden was measured during the Baseline Period immediately prior to BRV administration and evaluated for a 2-hour period starting 1 hour after the start of initial BRV. Timespans of 30 minutes refer to the following intervals within the 2-hour period: 0 to \<= 30 minutes, \> 30 to \<= 60 minutes, \>60 to \<= 90 minutes, and \>90 to \<= 120 minutes.
Time frame: From Baseline to 3 hours after the initial BRV treatment
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Seizure Freedom at the End of the Down-Titration Period
Seizure freedom was defined as 100% reduction in seizure burden from Baseline.
Time frame: From Baseline to the end of the Down-Titration Period (up to 97 days)
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Percentage of Responders to BRV Treatment From Baseline to 3 Hours After the Initial BRV Treatment
A BRV responder was defined as a participant who achieved the following reduction in seizure burden (electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS) in minutes per hour) without need for rescue medication, compared to the seizure burden measured during the Baseline Period immediately prior to BRV administration, evaluated for a 2-hour period starting 1 hour after the start of initial BRV treatment: At least 80% reduction in nonsevere seizure burden (Nonsevere seizure burden is defined as \<=50% seizure activity on video-electroencephalography (VEEG) in all 30-minute timespans), OR At least 50 % reduction in severe seizure burden (Severe seizure burden is defined as \>50 % seizure activity on VEEG in any 30-minute timespan). Timespans of 30 minutes refer to the following intervals within the 2-hour period: 0 to \<= 30 minutes, \> 30 to \<= 60 minutes, \>60 to \<= 90 minutes, and \>90 to \<= 120 minutes.
Time frame: From Baseline to 3 hours after the initial BRV treatment
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Percent Difference in Clinical Seizures at the End of the 24-hour Evaluation Period From Baseline for Neonates With Motor Seizures at the Time of Inclusion
Seizures was measured by continuous video-electroencephalography (VEEG).
Time frame: From Baseline to the end of the 24-hour Evaluation Period
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.
Secondary
Time to Reduction in Seizure Burden for BRV Responders
A BRV responder was defined as a participant who achieves the following reduction in seizure burden (electroencephalographic neonatal seizures (ENS) in minutes per hour) without need for rescue medication, compared to the seizure burden measured during the Baseline Period immediately prior to BRV administration, evaluated for a 2-hour period starting 1 hour after the start of initial BRV treatment: At least 80% reduction in nonsevere seizure burden (Nonsevere seizure burden is defined as \<=50% seizure activity on VEEG in all 30-minute timespans), OR At least 50% reduction in severe seizure burden (Severe seizure burden is defined as \>50% seizure activity on VEEG in any 30-minute timespan).
Time frame: From Baseline to the first timepoint when BRV responder criteria are met (up to 96-hour Evaluation Period)
Population: Efficacy was not evaluated since the study was stopped after the completion of required enrollment of the Exploratory Cohort due to the lack of enrollment of eligible study participants in the Confirmatory Cohorts. Efficacy analyses was planned to be performed on Confirmatory Cohorts only.