Adiposity
Conditions
Keywords
Pregnancy, teratogenesis
Brief summary
This study investigates the associations between measured maternal lipids (Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol , triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) at 28 weeks' gestation and offspring adiposity at 5-7 years. This was examined in a large observational study based in Belfast, UK.
Detailed description
The concept of fuel mediated teratogenesis, as proposed by Freinkel in his 1980 Banting Lecture, postulated that altered fuel metabolism during pregnancy had a long lasting metabolic effect on the offspring. Although in the intervening years the focus has largely been on maternal glucose as the principal fetal fuel, animal studies have documented that other nutrients such as lipids can also be transferred across the placenta. Furthermore, the latter part of pregnancy is associated with a significant hyperlipidemia including hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Although the relation of maternal lipids during pregnancy to birth outcomes is well documented, few studies have examined this relation to longer term outcomes. Such an association, if present, would lend further support to the presence of developmental programming in the offspring based on fuel mediated teratogenesis. Against such a background, the aim of this study was to examine the association between maternal lipids during pregnancy and later offspring adiposity controlled for relevant confounders including maternal body mass index (BMI), gestational glycemia and offspring birth weight. The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study was an international multicentre epidemiologic study that examined the associations of hyperglycemia during pregnancy to adverse maternal/fetal pregnancy outcomes. Eligible pregnant women attended the Royal Victoria Maternity Hospital for an oral glucose tolerance test between 24-32 weeks gestation to assess glucose tolerance. An additional fasting serum sample for analysis of lipids was taken. The mothers and their offspring were invited to return to the study 5-7 years later. At this visit, offspring weight, height and skin fold thickness measurements were taken.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Diabetes UK
Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* In a pregnant state in the first/second trimester * Attending the Royal Victoria Maternity Hospital
Exclusion criteria
* Age younger than 18 years * A plan to undergo delivery at another hospital * An uncertain date of last menstrual period and no ultrasonographic estimation between 6 and 24 weeks of gestational age * Inability to complete the oral glucose-tolerance test within 32 weeks of gestation * Multiple pregnancy * Conception by means of gonadotropin ovulation induction or in vitro fertilization * Glucose testing before recruitment or a diagnosis of diabetes during the current pregnancy * Diagnosis of diabetes before the current pregnancy and requiring treatment with medication * Participation in another study that could interfere with the HAPO study * Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis B or C virus * Previous participation in the HAPO study * Inability to converse in the languages used on centre forms without the aid of an interpreter
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BMI Z score | 5-7 years | Adiposity expressed as body mass index (BMI) Z score |
| Sum of skin fold thicknesses | 5-7 years | Sum of triceps, subscapular and suprailiac |
Outcome results
None listed