Muscle Atrophy, Sarcopenia
Conditions
Keywords
Sarcopenia, Resistance exercise, Protein
Brief summary
The aim of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups trial is to investigate the effects of 12 weeks resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation on energy metabolism, markers of appetite, inflammation and hormonal response and body composition and strength and functional performance. Generally healthy, retired men aged 60-80 years will be recruited (n = 52 in total, n = 13 per group). Participants will be randomised to either: a) control group, b) whey protein supplement group, c) resistance exercise + control group or d) resistance exercise + whey protein supplementation group.
Detailed description
With demographics indicating that the world's population aged \>60 years will increase from 600 million reported in 2000, to \>2 billion by 2050, there is an increasing interest in health issues related to ageing. One area of particular interest is sarcopenia, defined as the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength and physical function as a consequence of ageing. Sarcopenia has been associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease, poor metabolic and cognitive function, reduced quality of life and early mortality. Studies have reported beneficial effects of both resistance exercise and increasing protein intake independently and in combination on markers of sarcopenia (mostly increases in muscle mass, strength and physical function). However, little is known about the effects of combined intervention on energy metabolism, appetite and cognitive and endocrine function. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups trial will investigate these, alongside assessing the effects of combined intervention on total lean tissue mass, muscular strength and functional performance.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTWhey Protein
25 g whey protein supplementation twice daily (breakfast and lunch)
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTControl
23.75 g maltodextrin twice daily (breakfast and lunch)
OTHERResistance Exercise
60 minutes of resistance exercise twice a week
Sponsors
University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
Coventry University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
60 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Retired Men aged 60-80 years * Body Mass Index 18.5-30 kg/m2 * Not participated in resistance exercise within the last 6 months * Free from musculoskeletal injury
Exclusion criteria
* Retired Men aged \<60 or \>80 years * Current smokers, or ex-smokers ceasing \<6 months ago * Body Mass Index \<18.5 and \>30 kg/m2 * Currently participating in resistance exercise regularly (within last 6 months) * Not weight stable and/or looking to start a weight loss programme * Individuals participating in another research project (within the last 6 months) involving dietary and/or exercise intervention * Existing or past medical history of vascular disease, cancer, diabetes, neurological, kidney, pulmonary, digestive (Coeliac disease), thyroidal disease, osteoporosis or history of falls * Currently taking protein/amino acid supplements regularly * Currently prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), diabetic medication, beta-blockers, statins * Uncontrolled blood pressure (Blood pressure \>160/100 mmHg) * Self-reported lactose intolerant or allergic to wheat or potatoes * Individuals with a pacemaker * Neuromuscular disorders or injuries
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in components of 24-h energy expenditure and its components (kcal/d) | 0 to 12 weeks | Measured by whole-room calorimetry |
| Changes in body composition (kg) | 0 to 12 weeks | Fat-free mass, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass measured by bio-electrical impedance analysis |
| Changes in 24-h substrate oxidation (g/d) | 0 to 12 weeks | Measured by whole-room calorimetry |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Isotonic Strength (kg) - Leg press and leg extension | 0 to 12 weeks | — |
| Biochemical: Inflammtion | 0 to 12 weeks | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), Annexin A1 |
| Interstitial Glucose | 0 to 12 weeks | 24 Hour Continuous Glucose Monitoring |
| Biochemical: Appetite hormones | 0 to 12 weeks | Ghrelin, leptin, and PYY |
| Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) | 0 to 12 weeks | Balance, Gait speed and time to sit and stand from a chair 5 times |
| Biochemical: Insulin Resistance (HOMAR-IR) | 0 to 12 weeks | — |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 0 to 12 weeks | — |
| Biochemical: Myostatin | 0 to 12 weeks | — |
| Habitual Physical Activity | 0 to 12 weeks | Accelerometer |
| Endurance (Six Minute Walk Test) | 0 to 12 weeks | — |
| Cognitive Function - Cambridge Cognition Neuropsychological Testing Battery | 0 to 12 weeks | — |
| Salivary:Diurnal Cortisol | 0 to 12 weeks | — |
| Biochemical: Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) | 0 to 12 weeks | — |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed