Cardiovascular Diseases, Dyslipidemias, Lipid Profile
Conditions
Keywords
Quinoa, Functional food, Cardiovascular disease, Cholesterol, Lipid profile, Randomised Control Trial
Brief summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common chronic diseases in older populations, which has been increasing in line with rising overweight and obesity levels in recent years. Dietary intake is a major modifiable risk factor for CVD, and one such recommendation is to increase the intake of essential (omega-3) polyunsaturated fats in our diets, for example by consuming more oily fish. We know, however, from large population level dietary surveys, that many individuals within the United Kingdom (UK) population are not consuming enough oily fish. Therefore, alternative dietary sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fats are required to help meet consumer needs. Quinoa is a traditional Andean seed crop consumed in a similar fashion to staple cereal grains in Europe, and the popularity of quinoa has been growing worldwide because of its nutritional content and perceived healthiness. Quinoa contains a small amount of fat, but the ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 essential fats is more favourable in quinoa than in other plant oils. An opportunity therefore exists to incorporate quinoa flour into more frequently consumed food products (e.g. biscuits) as an alternative means of increasing consumers omega-3 intake. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of consuming quinoa-enriched biscuits, compared to control, on markers of CVD risk over 4-weeks in older adults.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTQuinoa biscuit
2x15g biscuits per day for 28 consecutive days (4 weeks).
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTControl biscuit
2x15g biscuits per day for 28 consecutive days (4 weeks).
Sponsors
The Regional Centre for Studies in Food and Health (CREAS), Valparaíso, Chile
University of Ulster
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
Double Blind: researcher and particiapant unaware of the intervention assignment
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
50 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Free-living, apparently healthy adults * Aged 50-75 years at recruitment * Low fish consumers (\<2 servings/wk) * Non-smokers * Not regularly consuming plant stanols
Exclusion criteria
* Non-free-living adults * Aged \<50 or \>75 years at recruitment * Fish consumers (2 servings/wk or more) * Current smokers * Pregnant/lactating females * Coeliac disease, wheat intolerance or any other food allergy or intolerance that would prevent consumption of the biscuits * Currently taking any fish oil-containing supplement * Diagnosed with a chronic medical condition (such as diabetes; CVD autoimmune/ inflammatory disorders; cancer) * Prescribed cholesterol or blood pressure lowering medications * Daily consumption of plant stanols
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol | Change from baseline compared to control arm | Plasma cholesterol |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| LDL-cholesterol | Change from baseline compared to control arm | measured in plasma |
| HDL-cholesterol | Change from baseline compared to control arm | measured in plasma |
| total/HDL-cholesterol ratio | Change from baseline compared to control arm | measured in plasma |
| Poly-unsaturated fatty acid status | Change from baseline compared to control arm | measured in plasma |
| Triglycerides | Change from baseline compared to control arm | measured in plasma |
| Inflammatory status | Change from baseline compared to control arm | C-reactive protein |
| Blood pressure | Change from baseline compared to control arm | Diastolic and systolic |
| Weight | Change from baseline compared to control arm | Kg |
| Antioxidant status | Change from baseline compared to control arm | Ferric-reducing Ability Plasma |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed