Smoking Cessation
Conditions
Brief summary
This will be an open-label, randomised, 2-period, single-dose crossover study to determine the comparative bioavailability of cytisine following single-dose administration in healthy male and female subjects under fed and fasted conditions. The study will be comprised of a pre-study screen, followed by 2 treatment periods (1 and 2) and a post-study follow-up.
Interventions
DRUGCytisine
Cytisine 1.5 mg Film-Coated Tablets
Sponsors
Achieve Life Sciences
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Healthy males and females between 18 and 55 years of age. 1. If a female subject of child bearing potential, a negative pregnancy test at screening and admission and willing to use an effective method of contraception (unless of non-childbearing potential or where abstaining from sexual intercourse is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject) from first dose until 3 months after last dose of investigational medicinal product (IMP). 2. If a female subject of non-child bearing potential, a negative pregnancy test at screening and admission. For the purposes of this study, this is defined as the subject being amenorrheic for at least 12 consecutive months or at least 4 months post-surgical sterilisation (including bilateral fallopian tube ligation or bilateral oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy). Menopausal status will be confirmed by demonstrating at screening that levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) fall within the respective pathology reference range. In the event a subject's menopause status has been clearly established (for example, the subject indicates she has been amenorrheic for 10 years), but FSH levels are not consistent with a post-menopausal condition, determination of subject eligibility will be at Investigator's discretion following consultation with the Sponsor. 3. If a male subject, willing to use an effective method of contraception (unless anatomically sterile or where abstaining from sexual intercourse is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject) from first dose until 3 months after last dose of IMP. 2. Subject with a body mass index (BMI) of 18-32 kg/m\^2. BMI = body weight in kg / \[height in m\]\^2. 3. Subject with no clinically significant abnormal serum biochemistry, haematology and urine examination values within 28 days before the first dose of IMP. 4. Subject with negative urinary drugs of abuse screen, determined within 28 days before the first dose of IMP (a positive alcohol or cotinine result may be repeated at Investigator's discretion). 5. Subject with negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (Hep B) and hepatitis C virus antibody (Hep C) results. 6. Subject with no clinically significant abnormalities in 12-lead ECG determined after minimum of 5 minutes in supine position within 28 days before the first dose of IMP. 7. Subject with no clinically significant abnormalities in vital signs (systolic blood pressure between 90-150 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 50 and 90 mmHg, and pulse rate (PR) between 40-110 bpm, measured on the dominant arm after minimum of 5 minutes in supine position) determined within 28 days before first dose of IMP. 8. Subject must be available to complete the study (including post study follow-up) and comply with study restrictions. 9. Subject must provide written informed consent to participate in the study.
Exclusion criteria
1. Known hypersensitivity/allergy reaction to varenicline, other cytisine-derivatives or any of the excipients in the Tabex formulation (lactose, cellulose, talc, magnesium). 2. History of severe hypersensitivity reactions to any other drugs. 3. History of any medical condition (e.g. gastrointestinal, renal or hepatic) or surgical condition (e.g. cholecystectomy, gastrectomy) that may affect drug pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion). 4. Difficulty in donating blood on either arm or known history. 5. History of alcoholism or drug abuse within last 2 years. 6. Regular nicotine intake (e.g., smoking, nicotine patch, nicotine chewing gum or electronic cigarettes) within previous 3 months and inability to refrain from nicotine intake from Screening until end of study. 7. Use of prescription or non-prescription drugs, including vitamins, herbal and dietary supplements within 14 days (or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer) prior to the first dose of IMP, unless in the opinion of the Investigator the medication will not interfere with the study procedures or compromise subject safety. 8. Participated in any investigational drug clinical trial within the previous 3 months or a marketed drug trial within the previous 30 days prior to randomization on Day 1 of Period 1. 9. Donation of 450 mL or more blood or had history of significant blood loss due to any reason or had plasmapheresis within 3 months before the first dose of IMP. 10. Any special food restrictions that may hinder ability to consume the high fat breakfast provided during the study; such as lactose intolerance, vegan, low-fat, low sodium, etc. 11. Any inability or difficulty in fasting. 12. Inability to communicate well with Investigators (i.e., language problem, poor mental development or impaired cerebral function). 13. Any other condition that the Principal Investigator considers making the subject unsuitable for this study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Plasma Cytisine Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) | Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute) |
| Plasma Cytisine PK: Total Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (AUC0-∞) | Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma Cytisine PK: Residual Area, or Percentage of Extrapolated Part for the Calculation of AUC0-∞ (AUC%) | Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute) | — |
| Plasma Cytisine PK: Apparent Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (Lambda z) | Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute) | — |
| Plasma Cytisine PK: Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-Life (t1/2) | Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute) | — |
| Plasma Cytisine PK: Time of Occurrence of Cmax (Tmax) | Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute) | — |
| Urine Cytisine PK: Percentage of Drug Excreted in Urine (Ae%) | Pre-dose (within 30 minutes prior to first dose); 0-2 hours, 2-4 hours, 4-8 hours, 8-12 hours and 12-24 hours post-dose | To assess the renal elimination of cytisine via measurement of urinary concentrations of cytisine. |
| Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | Day -1 to Day 7 plus 6-8 days (post-study follow-up) | An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. TEAEs are defined as AEs not present prior to first administration of investigational product, or AEs present before first administration of study drug that worsen after the subject receives the first dose of study drug. A serious adverse event (SAE) is defined as an AE that: results in death; is life-threatening; requires hospitalization or prolongs existing inpatient's hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity; results in a congenital abnormality or birth defect; is an important medical event which requires medical intervention to prevent any of the above outcomes. Event severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Relationship of event to study drug was categorized as definite, probably, possible, unlikely, not related, or not applicable (N/A). |
| Urine Cytisine PK: Amount Excreted in Urine Over Time (Ae) | Pre-dose (within 30 minutes prior to first dose); 0-2 hours, 2-4 hours, 4-8 hours, 8-12 hours and 12-24 hours post-dose | — |
| Plasma Cytisine PK: AUC From Time Zero to the Last Sampling Time (AUC0-t) | Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute) | — |
Countries
United Kingdom
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine 3 mg Cytisine, Schedule A: Fed Then Fasted
* Period 1: Cytisine (2 x 1.5 mg tablets) administered 30 minutes after the start of a high fat breakfast (fed state).
* Period 2: Cytisine (2 x 1.5 mg tablets) administered after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours (fasting state).
3 mg Cytisine, Schedule B: Fasted Then Fed
* Period 1: Cytisine (2 x 1.5 mg tablets) administered after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours (fasting state).
* Period 2: Cytisine (2 x 1.5 mg tablets) administered 30 minutes after the start of a high fat breakfast (fed state). | 24 |
| Total | 24 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | 3 mg Cytisine |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 35.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.25 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Caucasian | 23 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other, Not Specified | 1 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 13 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 11 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 24 | 0 / 24 | 0 / 24 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 6 / 24 | 7 / 24 | 10 / 24 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 24 | 0 / 24 | 0 / 24 |
Outcome results
Primary
Plasma Cytisine Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
Time frame: Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute)
Population: PK Set: All participants who received doses under both fed and fasted conditions and did not have an occurrence of vomiting which rendered the concentration profile unreliable. (Two participants were excluded for vomiting before twice the median Tmax had been reached following 3 mg cytisine administered in a fed state.)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Plasma Cytisine Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) | 22.9 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 5.44 |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Plasma Cytisine Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) | 30.8 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 7.91 |
90% CI: [66.39, 84.08]
Primary
Plasma Cytisine PK: Total Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (AUC0-∞)
Time frame: Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute)
Population: PK Set: All participants who received doses under both fed and fasted conditions and did not have an occurrence of vomiting which rendered the concentration profile unreliable. (Two participants were excluded for vomiting before twice the median Tmax had been reached following 3 mg cytisine administered in a fed state.)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Plasma Cytisine PK: Total Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (AUC0-∞) | 170 h*ng/mL | Standard Deviation 30.3 |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Plasma Cytisine PK: Total Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (AUC0-∞) | 176 h*ng/mL | Standard Deviation 33.1 |
90% CI: [94.2, 99.98]
Secondary
Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship
An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. TEAEs are defined as AEs not present prior to first administration of investigational product, or AEs present before first administration of study drug that worsen after the subject receives the first dose of study drug. A serious adverse event (SAE) is defined as an AE that: results in death; is life-threatening; requires hospitalization or prolongs existing inpatient's hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity; results in a congenital abnormality or birth defect; is an important medical event which requires medical intervention to prevent any of the above outcomes. Event severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Relationship of event to study drug was categorized as definite, probably, possible, unlikely, not related, or not applicable (N/A).
Time frame: Day -1 to Day 7 plus 6-8 days (post-study follow-up)
Population: Safety Analysis Set: all participants who received at least one dose of cytisine.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 Mild TEAE | 6 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Definitely Related to Study Drug | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Leading to Withdrawal of Study Drug | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Probably Related to Study Drug | 1 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 Moderate TEAE | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 Serious TEAE | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Unlikely Related to Study Drug | 1 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 Severe TEAE | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Not Related to Study Drug | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Possibly Related to Study Drug | 3 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Relationship to Study Drug = N/A | 1 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE | 6 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Relationship to Study Drug = N/A | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE | 7 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 Serious TEAE | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Leading to Withdrawal of Study Drug | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 Mild TEAE | 7 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 Moderate TEAE | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 Severe TEAE | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Definitely Related to Study Drug | 0 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Probably Related to Study Drug | 1 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Possibly Related to Study Drug | 5 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Unlikely Related to Study Drug | 1 participants |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious TEAEs, and Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to AEs, by Severity and Relationship | ≥ 1 TEAE Not Related to Study Drug | 0 participants |
Secondary
Plasma Cytisine PK: Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-Life (t1/2)
Time frame: Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute)
Population: PK Set: All participants who received doses under both fed and fasted conditions and did not have an occurrence of vomiting which rendered the concentration profile unreliable. (Two participants were excluded for vomiting before twice the median Tmax had been reached following 3 mg cytisine administered in a fed state.)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Plasma Cytisine PK: Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-Life (t1/2) | 4.77 hours | Standard Deviation 1.16 |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Plasma Cytisine PK: Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-Life (t1/2) | 4.59 hours | Standard Deviation 0.832 |
Secondary
Plasma Cytisine PK: Apparent Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (Lambda z)
Time frame: Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute)
Population: PK Set: All participants who received doses under both fed and fasted conditions and did not have an occurrence of vomiting which rendered the concentration profile unreliable. (Two participants were excluded for vomiting before twice the median Tmax had been reached following 3 mg cytisine administered in a fed state.)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Plasma Cytisine PK: Apparent Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (Lambda z) | 0.154 1/hour | Standard Deviation 0.0391 |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Plasma Cytisine PK: Apparent Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (Lambda z) | 0.156 1/hour | Standard Deviation 0.0314 |
Secondary
Plasma Cytisine PK: AUC From Time Zero to the Last Sampling Time (AUC0-t)
Time frame: Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute)
Population: PK Set: All participants who received doses under both fed and fasted conditions and did not have an occurrence of vomiting which rendered the concentration profile unreliable. (Two participants were excluded for vomiting before twice the median Tmax had been reached following 3 mg cytisine administered in a fed state.)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Plasma Cytisine PK: AUC From Time Zero to the Last Sampling Time (AUC0-t) | 163 h*ng/mL | Standard Deviation 29.4 |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Plasma Cytisine PK: AUC From Time Zero to the Last Sampling Time (AUC0-t) | 169 h*ng/mL | Standard Deviation 33 |
90% CI: [93.3, 99.85]
Secondary
Plasma Cytisine PK: Residual Area, or Percentage of Extrapolated Part for the Calculation of AUC0-∞ (AUC%)
Time frame: Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute)
Population: PK Set: All participants who received doses under both fed and fasted conditions and did not have an occurrence of vomiting which rendered the concentration profile unreliable. (Two participants were excluded for vomiting before twice the median Tmax had been reached following 3 mg cytisine administered in a fed state.)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Plasma Cytisine PK: Residual Area, or Percentage of Extrapolated Part for the Calculation of AUC0-∞ (AUC%) | 4.37 percentage of extrapolated part | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Plasma Cytisine PK: Residual Area, or Percentage of Extrapolated Part for the Calculation of AUC0-∞ (AUC%) | 3.85 percentage of extrapolated part | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
Secondary
Plasma Cytisine PK: Time of Occurrence of Cmax (Tmax)
Time frame: Pre-dose (within 60 minutes of dosing); 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours post-dose (+/- 1 minute)
Population: PK Set: All participants who received doses under both fed and fasted conditions and did not have an occurrence of vomiting which rendered the concentration profile unreliable. (Two participants were excluded for vomiting before twice the median Tmax had been reached following 3 mg cytisine administered in a fed state.)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Plasma Cytisine PK: Time of Occurrence of Cmax (Tmax) | 2.75 hours |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Plasma Cytisine PK: Time of Occurrence of Cmax (Tmax) | 0.75 hours |
p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.5, 2.25]Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test
Secondary
Urine Cytisine PK: Amount Excreted in Urine Over Time (Ae)
Time frame: Pre-dose (within 30 minutes prior to first dose); 0-2 hours, 2-4 hours, 4-8 hours, 8-12 hours and 12-24 hours post-dose
Population: PK Set: All participants who received doses under both fed and fasted conditions and did not have an occurrence of vomiting which rendered the concentration profile unreliable. (Two participants were excluded for vomiting before twice the median Tmax had been reached following 3 mg cytisine administered in a fed state.)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Urine Cytisine PK: Amount Excreted in Urine Over Time (Ae) | 2.59 mg | Standard Deviation 0.407 |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Urine Cytisine PK: Amount Excreted in Urine Over Time (Ae) | 2.47 mg | Standard Deviation 0.357 |
95% CI: [98.97, 110.87]
Secondary
Urine Cytisine PK: Percentage of Drug Excreted in Urine (Ae%)
To assess the renal elimination of cytisine via measurement of urinary concentrations of cytisine.
Time frame: Pre-dose (within 30 minutes prior to first dose); 0-2 hours, 2-4 hours, 4-8 hours, 8-12 hours and 12-24 hours post-dose
Population: PK Set: All participants who received doses under both fed and fasted conditions and did not have an occurrence of vomiting which rendered the concentration profile unreliable. (Two participants were excluded for vomiting before twice the median Tmax had been reached following 3 mg cytisine administered in a fed state.)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fed | Urine Cytisine PK: Percentage of Drug Excreted in Urine (Ae%) | 86.5 percentage of drug excreted | Standard Deviation 13.6 |
| 3 mg Cytisine, Fasted | Urine Cytisine PK: Percentage of Drug Excreted in Urine (Ae%) | 82.4 percentage of drug excreted | Standard Deviation 11.9 |