Hypertension, Prehypertension, Aging
Conditions
Keywords
Inspiratory muscle strength training
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of inspiratory muscle strength training for lowering blood pressure and improving physiological function (vascular, motor, and cognitive) in middle-aged and older adults with elevated systolic blood pressure.
Detailed description
Over, the proposed research project has the long-term potential to influence clinical practice by establishing a novel lifestyle intervention for treating multiple domains of age- and hypertension-associated physiological dysfunction and thereby reducing the risk of clinical disease and disability.
Interventions
Subjects will perform inspiratory muscle strength training for 6 weeks.
OTHERSham training
Subjects will perform sham training for 6 weeks.
Sponsors
Douglas Seals
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
50 Years to 64 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Ability to provide informed consent * Willing to accept random assignment to condition * Women will be confirmed as postmenopausal (either natural or surgical) based on cessation of menses for \>1 year. * Resting systolic blood pressure 120-159 mmHg * Resting diastolic blood pressure \<100 mmHg * Subjects taking anti-hypertensive medications will be included provided they meet the other inclusion criteria, including elevated systolic blood pressure. These medications will not be withheld prior to experimental protocols. * Free from alcohol dependence or abuse, as defined by the American Psychiatry Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual or Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
Exclusion criteria
* Current smoking * Chronic clinical disease (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease/irritable bowel syndrome, coronary artery/peripheral artery/cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis, neurological disorders or diseases that may affect motor/cognitive function \[multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, polio, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, or other brain diseases of aging\]), except hypertension * Postmenopausal \<1 year * Scoring \<21 on the mini-mental state examination * Moderate or sever peripheral artery disease (ankle-brachial index 0.7) * Taking a medication that your doctor deems unsafe to hold for \>1 week * A graded exercise test will be performed by all subjects. If there is physician concern or an adverse event, the subject will not participate in the study. * No weight stable in the prior 3 months (\>2 kg weight change) or unwilling to remain weight stable throughout study (rationale: recent weight change or weight loss can influence vascular function)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | 6 weeks | Resting blood pressure |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Endothelium-dependent dilation | 6 weeks | Flow-mediated dilation |
| Arterial stiffness | 6 weeks | Aortic pulse wave velocity |
| Motor function | 6 weeks | NIH Toolbox motor test battery |
| Ambulatory blood pressure | 6 weeks | 24-hour mean blood pressure |
| Systemic markers of oxidative stress | 6 weeks | Oxidized LDL levels in blood |
| Endothelial cell markers of oxidative stress | 6 weeks | Nitrotyrosine levels in biopsied endothelial cells |
| Cognitive function | 6 weeks | NIH Toolbox cognition test battery |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed