Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Smoking, Cigarette, Tobacco Smoking, Tobacco Use, Tobacco Use Cessation
Conditions
Keywords
Pacific Islander, Native Hawaiian, NHPI, Tobacco Health, Tobacco Use, Tobacco Smoking, Tobacco Use Cessation, Smoking Cessation, Smoking, Cigarette Use, Young Adult
Brief summary
The current study aimed to test a culturally tailored program designed to help Pacific Islanders (PIs) between the ages of 18 and 30 quit smoking cigarettes by using a randomized controlled trial design with one intervention group and one control group.
Detailed description
This randomized control trial (RCT) consisted of a baseline assessment (Wave 0) and three follow-up assessments (Waves 1-3). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 2 months, 5 months, and 8 months after the baseline assessment. The objective of the study was to test a culturally-tailored online program designed to help PI young adults quit smoking cigarettes. The online program contained (1) personalized, automated text messages, (2) interactive, online educational modules, and (3) an online forum. Hypotheses for this study include: 1. Participants in the intervention program tailored to PIs would have significantly higher rates of abstinence, lower rates of relapse, and lower smoking frequency and intensity at each follow-up time point than those in the standard intervention program. 2. Participants with impaired affective decision capacity (low scores on Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)) would benefit more from the tailored intervention program than participants with normal affective decision capacity (high IGT scores). 3. Effects from the tailored intervention program would be more pronounced among participants with particular dispositional phenotypes (depression, hostility, impulsivity) and baseline severity of tobacco addiction (nicotine dependence). 4. High-intensity users of the tailored intervention program would be more successful than low intensity users in reducing the frequency and intensity of cigarettes smoked. 5. The tailored intervention program would have greater success at engaging and retaining participants than the standard intervention program.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALMotivating Pacifika Against Cigarettes and Tobacco
Participants received one encouraging text message per day prior to their quit date. During the intervention, they received daily text messages with decreasing frequency per week. Participants were also able to craft personal text messages. On-demand text messages were optional and could be requested by texting key words to the program hotline. The online MPACT program allowed participants to access eight educational modules and a forum where they could communicate with other participants. The modules focused on different aspects of quitting smoking, such as how to deal with withdrawal symptoms, triggers of tobacco use, and stress. Participants were limited to one module per day in order to increase the duration of exposure to the program. Upon completion, participants no longer received text messages but they were still able to access the educational modules, forum, and on-demand text messages.
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Claremont Graduate University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Self-identified as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander * Between the ages 18 and 30 * Lived in Southern California * Would be living in Southern California for the next year * Owned a cell phone with a text messaging plan * Had access to a computer with internet for at least 2 hours per week * Smoked daily or most days of the week (\>3 days) * Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime
Exclusion criteria
• Was currently using another smoking cessation method
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of cigarettes smoked in last 30 days | 8 months | How many cigarettes has the participant smoked in the last 30 days? |
| Cigarette smoked in past 7 days | 8 months | Has the participant smoked a cigarette in the past 7 days? |
| Cigarette smoked in past 24 hours | 8 months | Has the participant smoked a cigarette in the past 24 hours? |
| Expired carbon monoxide (CO) | 8 months | Biomarker validation (expired CO) of self-reported tobacco use |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Expired carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 months | Biomarker validation (expired CO) of self-reported tobacco use |
| Number of cigarettes smoked in last 30 days | 2 months | How many cigarettes has the participant smoked in the last 30 days? |
| Cigarette smoked in past 7 days | 2 months | Has the participant smoked a cigarette in the past 7 days? |
| Cigarette smoked in past 24 hours | 2 months | Has the participant smoked a cigarette in the past 24 hours? |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed