Obesity, Diabetes
Conditions
Keywords
Calcium citrate, dairy product, whey protein, appetite, metabolism
Brief summary
Gut hormones have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Milk protein and calcium can each potentiate gut hormones following meal ingestion in humans. However, these nutrients may interact synergistically (and with other minerals in milk) such that specific co-ingestion of these nutrients is required to obtain the full therapeutic potential for metabolism and energy balance. This proposal is to perform a pilot study on the effect of co-ingesting Capolac® plus protein on circulating gut hormone responses.
Detailed description
Participants will be asked to arrive to the laboratory between 08:00 and 10:00 am after not eating for between 8-14 hours i.e. in a fasted state (water intake is permitted and encouraged). Participants will then be given one of three test drinks: 1) calcium citrate (1000 mg); 2) milk mineral supplement (equating to 1000 mg calcium); or 3) milk mineral supplement (equating to 1000 mg calcium) plus whey protein hydrolysate (50 g). Each of these drinks will also contain 500 mL of water and artificial sweetener (80 mg sucralose). Blood samples will be taken before, and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after ingestion of the test drink to determine the concentrations of gut hormones (GIP, GLP-1 and PYY) circulating in the bloodstream. We will also ask participants to complete an appetite questionnaire at baseline and every 30 minutes after ingestion of the test drink to assess their appetite sensations. After the 120-minute time point, we will remove the cannula and the trial day will be complete.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTWhey Protein Hydrolysate
50 g whey protein hydrolysate
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTCalcium Citrate
1000 mg calcium as calcium citrate
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTMilk Mineral Supplement
Milk Minerals containing 1000 mg calcium
Sponsors
University of Bath
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
Participants and Researchers will be blinded to the interventions.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy men and women age between 18-65 yrs. * Able to consume provided supplement. * Weigh stable for the past 3 month (no change within 3%).
Exclusion criteria
* Any previous or current metabolic, cardio-pulmonary or musculoskeletal disease * Not between the ages of 18-65 years * A body mass index below 18.5 kg/m2 or above 30 kg/m2 (body mass (kg) divided by your height (m) squared) * Taking medications that may influence your metabolism * Plans to change your lifestyle (diet and/or physical activity) during the study period * Not willing to refrain from alcohol containing drinks or unaccustomed exercise one day before the laboratory sessions. * Current smoker
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Postprandial plasma GLP-1 area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min). | 120 min | Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Postprandial plasma GIP area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min) | 120 min | Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) concentrations |
| Postprandial plasma PYY area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min) | 120 min | Plasma peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) concentrations. |
| Blood pressure | 120 min | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure |
| Energy metabolism (carbohydrate and fat oxidation) | 120 min | Carbohydrate and fat oxidation (g/h) measured via indirect calorimetry |
| Postprandial plasma glucose | 120 min | Plasma glucose concentrations (mmol/L). |
| Subjective ratings of appetite (au) | 120 min | Visual analogue scales of appetite ratings |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed