Walnut Consumption and Diabetes Risk

Association Between Walnut Consumption and Diabetes Risk in NHANES May be Gender Sex Specific

Status

Completed

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT03224533

Enrollment

34121

Registered

2017-07-21

Start date

2015-06-01

Completion date

2017-05-30

Last updated

2017-07-21

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus

Keywords

nut consumption, NHANES, epidemiology, plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c

Brief summary

Multiple NHANES surveys were combined and weighted to evaluate relationships between walnut consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus using various independent measures of diabetes status and risk. After risks were ascertained, interactions with gender were analyzed.

Detailed description

Background. Dietary interventions and cohort studies of tree nuts lowering glucose levels for diabetes suggest a possible effect with walnuts. Objective. To examine the associations between walnut consumption and diabetes risk through data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods. NHANES survey data for 1999 through 2014 was pooled for adults with 24 hour recall dietary data. Risk of diabetes was based on self-report, medication use, fasting plasma glucose levels, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Individuals were characterized as reporting consumption of walnuts, mixed 'nuts', or no nuts.

Interventions

DIAGNOSTIC_TESTDiabetes Outcome

based on self report definition, fasting plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c

Study design

Observational model

CASE_CONTROL

Time perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

18 Years to 80 Years

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

* NHANES data from 1999-2014 with food recalls and dietary food intake

Exclusion criteria

* not having data on either day of the 24-hour food intake * individuals who consumed peanuts, but not other nuts on the day of recall, were excluded from the analysis

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Diabetes Outcome- self report	1999-2014	Based on self-report as told by a doctor
Diabetes Outcome- Fasting Plasma Glucose	1999-2014	Based on FPG levels
Diabetes Outcome- Hemoglobin A1c	1999-2014	Based on HbA1c levels
Diabetes Outcome- Combined Definition	1999-2014	Based on both FPG and HbA1c levels

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Sex Interaction	1999-2014	based on the previously stated definition outcomes

Countries

United States

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026