Goiter
Conditions
Keywords
Goiter
Brief summary
Thyroid disorders are one of the most common endocrine problems in children and adolescents. Diagnostic considerations can be approached from the perspective of the goiter.A goiter, or thyromegaly, is an enlargement of the thyroid gland.Persons with enlarged thyroids can have normal function of the gland (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (hypothyroidism), or overproduction of the hormones (hyperthyroidism).
Detailed description
Congenital goiter most commonly occurs in neonates born to mothers with known thyroid disease especially Graves' disease. Other causes of congenital goitrous hypothyroidism are thyroid dyshormonogenesis, endemic iodine deficiency and maternal goitrogen ingestion or iodine excess (expectorants, povidone iodine). The most common causes of euthyroid goiter in childhood are chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and a colloid goiter (simple goiter). Thyroid enlargement that is not caused by inflammatory, infectious or neoplastic causes is termed a colloid goiter, also. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis , also known as Hashimoto thyroiditis, is an autoimmune, inflammatory process that causes up to 55% to 65% of all euthyroid goiters, and almost all cases of thyroiditis in childhood and adolescence. A large North American prevalence study showed that as many as 1.2% of children aged 11 to18 years have chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, as defined by an enlarged thyroid gland and detectable serum thyroid antibodies. Thyroid nodules are relatively common in adolescents; these nodules are usually asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally, but they raise the fear of cancer. A multi-nodular goiter is almost invariably caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis and it carries a good prognosis. The asymptomatic, solitary thyroid nodule is a thyroid adenoma, thyroid carcinoma or a thyroid cyst. Thyroid carcinoma occurs in approximately one per one million persons/year in the first-two decades of life. No reported data are found as regard of causes of goiter in children in our locality.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Assiut University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_ONLY
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Days to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Children of both sexes of ages since birth up to 18 years old who are presented by goiter.
Exclusion criteria
* Any patient with neck swelling other than goiter. * Refusal of participation.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Serum T3 and T4 | 1 day | Serum T3 and T4 for diagnosis of cause of goiter |
| Neck ultrasonography | 1 day | Neck ultrasonography for confirmation of diagnosis of goiter and for diagnosis of cause of goiter |
Contacts
Primary ContactHanaa A Mohammed, MD
Backup ContactEman A Abdel-Raoof, MD
Outcome results
None listed