Neck Pain
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to assess the benefit of adding stretching exercises to cervical mobilization and cervical range of motion exercises on cervical range of motion, pain, pain threshold, level of disability and patient satisfaction for patient with non-specific mechanical neck pain
Detailed description
All recruited participants will sign a statement of informed consent. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (combined intervention group and standard intervention group). The following questionnaires were completed in the following order: Neck Disability Index (NDI), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Global Rating of Change Scale (GROC). Next, Cervical Range of Motion (ROM) and Pain threshold were measured for both groups. The combined intervention group received the cervical passive mobilization, stretching, and home program (Stretching and ROM exercise). The standard intervention group received cervical mobilization and home program (ROM exercises).
Interventions
The combined intervention group received the cervical passive mobilization, stretching, and home program (Stretching and ROM exercise).Stretching, cervical passive mobilization, and range of motion: The manual therapy was conducted by a physical therapist who has licensed from the California Board of Physical Therapy. The cervical passive mobilization were selected by the physical therapist based on the participant's condition. Stretching techniques were performed in the combined intervention group for 30 seconds and repeated 3 times twice a week in the following order on the following muscles: anterior, middle and posterior scalene, upper fibers of trapezius, pectoralis minor and interspinous muscles .AROM Exercise were performed 10 repetitions 3-4 times daily. The ACROM exercise consisted of the subject placing fingers over the manubrium bone and placing chin on the fingers. The subject was then instructed to rotate to one side as far as possible and return to neutral.
OTHERThe standard intervention
The standard intervention group will receive cervical mobilization and home program (ROM exercises). Cervical mobilization and range of motion: The manual therapy was conducted by a physical therapist who has experience in manual therapy and is licensed from the California Board of Physical Therapy. The manual therapy intervention will consist of Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements (PAIVMs). The nature of PAIVMs techniques was selected by the physical therapist based on the participant's condition. Active Cervical Range of Motion Exercises (ACROM) were performed 10 repetitions 3-4 times daily. Subjects were advised to maintain their usual activity within the limits of pain. The ACROM exercise consisted of the subject placing fingers over the manubrium bone and placing chin on the fingers. The subject was then instructed to rotate to one side as far as possible and return to neutral .
Sponsors
Loma Linda University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* The participant will be eligible to participate in the study if he or she is between 18 and 60 years of age, had non-specific neck pain for at least 2 weeks
Exclusion criteria
* Participants will be excluded from the study if they had one or more of the following conditions: had previous surgery in cervical spine area, chronic disease such as diabetes, vertigo, dizziness, fracture of the cervical vertebra or scapula, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis as approximately 60% of people who aged between 50-60 years will have osteoarthritis.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cervical Range of Motion | Participants ROM measurement at baselines | The cervical range of motion device (CROM) will be used to assess the changes in active range of motion for cervical rotation, flexion and extension when comparing baseline,week two, four and eight. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Pain Rating Scale | NPRS score at baseline | Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) is a liner outcome measurement used to determine the level of the participant's pain when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight. It consists of a straight 10 cm line that is scored from 0 to 10 with 10 mm intervals. The zero represents no pain while a 10 represents very severe pain that participant cannot stand. The standard error is correct as stated. |
| Neck Disability Index | NDI score at baseline | Neck disability index measuring the level of neck disability when comparing baseline, week two, four, and eight. It consists of ten items each item is scored from 0 to 5 with a minimum score 0 and highest score 50. A score of zero (0) represents no disability while a score of 50 represents severe, full disability. |
| Global Rating of Change | GROC score at week two | The Global rating of change (GROC) is used to measure the amount of improvement that the patient achieves from the intervention or rehabilitation program when comparing baseline, week two, four, and eight. The score ranges from -7 to 0 to 7 in which -/+3 to -/+ 1 represents a small change, -/+ 4 to -/+5 represents moderate change and -/+6 to -/+7 means a large change. The negative and positive means the patient condition worsens or improves respectively. The points are scores on a scale (-7-0-+7 = 15 point scale). |
| Pressure Pain Threshold | Pressure Pain Threshold score at baseline | Pressure pain threshold is an electronic device used to measure the amount of force that is required to produce pain when comparing baseline, week two, four, and eight. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| The Combined Intervention Group The combined intervention group: The combined intervention group received the cervical passive mobilization, stretching, and home program (Stretching and ROM exercise).
Stretching, cervical passive mobilization, and range of motion: The manual therapy was conducted by a physical therapist who has experience in manual therapy and is licensed from the California Board of Physical Therapy. The manual therapy intervention will consist of Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements (PAIVMs). The nature of PAIVMs techniques were selected by the physical therapist based on the participant's condition.
Stretching exercise will be given to the participants by the physical therapist. Stretching techniques were performed in the combined intervention group for 30 seconds and repeated 3 times twice a week in the following order on the following muscles: anterior, middle and posterior scalene, upper fibers of trapezius, pectoralis minor muscles and interspinous muscles. | 18 |
| The Standard Intervention The standard intervention: The standard intervention group received cervical mobilization and home program (ROM exercises).
Cervical mobilization and range of motion: The manual therapy was conducted by a physical therapist who has experience in manual therapy and is licensed from the California Board of Physical Therapy. The manual therapy intervention will consist of Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements (PAIVMs). The nature of PAIVMs techniques was selected by the physical therapist based on the participant's condition.
Active Cervical Range of Motion Exercises (ACROM) were performed 10 repetitions 3-4 times daily. Subjects were advised to maintain their usual activity within the limits of pain. The ACROM exercise consisted of the subject placing fingers over the manubrium bone and placing chin on the fingers. The subject was then instructed to rotate to one side as far as possible and return to neutral. | 20 |
| Total | 38 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 1 | 3 |
| Overall Study | participant developed specific neck pain | 1 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | The Standard Intervention | Total | The Combined Intervention Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 20 Participants | 38 Participants | 18 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 30.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 | 31 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.3 | 31.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 20 Participants | 38 Participants | 18 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 20 participants | 38 participants | 18 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 12 Participants | 24 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 8 Participants | 14 Participants | 6 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 20 | 0 / 22 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 1 / 20 | 0 / 22 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 20 | 0 / 22 |
Outcome results
Primary
Cervical Range of Motion
The cervical range of motion device (CROM) will be used to assess the changes in active range of motion for cervical rotation, flexion and extension when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight.
Time frame: Participants measurement at week four
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Flexion | 54.9 Degree | Standard Error 2.5 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Rotation | 73.0 Degree | Standard Error 2.2 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Lateral Flexion | 50.0 Degree | Standard Error 2.1 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Extesion | 82.9 Degree | Standard Error 3.1 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Lateral Flexion | 51.6 Degree | Standard Error 2.1 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Rotation | 74.0 Degree | Standard Error 3.4 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Lateral Flexion | 45.3 Degree | Standard Error 1.6 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Rotation | 70.6 Degree | Standard Error 2.3 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Flexion | 55.0 Degree | Standard Error 2.3 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Rotation | 74.3 Degree | Standard Error 2.5 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Lateral Flexion | 43.6 Degree | Standard Error 1.8 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Extesion | 70.3 Degree | Standard Error 3.1 |
Primary
Cervical Range of Motion
The cervical range of motion device (CROM) will be used to assess the changes in active range of motion for cervical rotation, flexion and extension when comparing baseline,week two, four and eight.
Time frame: Participants ROM measurement at week 8
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Flexion | 53.9 Degree | Standard Error 2.5 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Extesion | 79.2 Degree | Standard Error 2.8 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Rotation | 78.5 Degree | Standard Error 2.5 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Rotation | 72.9 Degree | Standard Error 2.4 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Lateral Flexion | 51.2 Degree | Standard Error 2.4 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Lateral Flexion | 55.3 Degree | Standard Error 2.6 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Lateral Flexion | 47.3 Degree | Standard Error 1.9 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Flexion | 53.2 Degree | Standard Error 2.6 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Rotation | 71.3 Degree | Standard Error 2.1 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Extesion | 74.5 Degree | Standard Error 4 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Lateral Flexion | 74.4 Degree | Standard Error 1.9 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Rotation | 71.5 Degree | Standard Error 2.8 |
Primary
Cervical Range of Motion
The cervical range of motion device (CROM) will be used to assess the changes in active range of motion for cervical rotation, flexion and extension when comparing baseline,week two, four and eight.
Time frame: Participants ROM measurement at baselines
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Rotation | 60.1 Degree | Standard Error 3.8 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Flexion | 46.2 Degree | Standard Error 2.6 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Extesion | 71.2 Degree | Standard Error 3.4 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Rotation | 65.9 Degree | Standard Error 3 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Lateral Flexion | 41.8 Degree | Standard Error 2.5 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Lateral Flexion | 43.9 Degree | Standard Error 1.9 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Lateral Flexion | 39.9 Degree | Standard Error 1.9 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Rotation | 62.7 Degree | Standard Error 2.1 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Rotation | 66.1 Degree | Standard Error 2.5 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Flexion | 46.1 Degree | Standard Error 2.2 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Lateral Flexion | 42.2 Degree | Standard Error 1.4 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Extesion | 68.5 Degree | Standard Error 2.4 |
Primary
Cervical Range of Motion
The cervical range of motion device (CROM) will be used to assess the changes in active range of motion for cervical rotation, flexion and extension when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight.
Time frame: Participants ROM measurement at week 2
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Flexion | 52.3 Degree | Standard Error 2.4 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Extesion | 77.5 Degree | Standard Error 2.7 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Rotation | 71.9 Degree | Standard Error 3.1 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Rotation | 66.8 Degree | Standard Error 2.6 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Lateral Flexion | 46.3 Degree | Standard Error 1.7 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Lateral Flexion | 48.4 Degree | Standard Error 1.6 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Lateral Flexion | 41.3 Degree | Standard Error 2 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Flexion | 49.7 Degree | Standard Error 2.3 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Rotation | 67.8 Degree | Standard Error 2.1 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Extesion | 71.1 Degree | Standard Error 3.7 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Left Lateral Flexion | 44.3 Degree | Standard Error 1.3 |
| The Standard Intervention | Cervical Range of Motion | Right Rotation | 68.6 Degree | Standard Error 2.4 |
Secondary
Global Rating of Change
The Global rating of change (GROC) is used to measure the amount of improvement that the patient achieves from the intervention or rehabilitation program when comparing baseline, week two, four and right. The score ranges from -7 to 0 to 7 in which -/+3 to -/+ 1 represents a small change, -/+ 4 to -/+5 represents moderate change and -/+6 to -/+7 means a large change. The negative and positive means the patient condition worsens or improves respectively.
Time frame: GROC score at week eight
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Global Rating of Change | 4.9 points | Standard Error 0.6 |
| The Standard Intervention | Global Rating of Change | 3.3 points | Standard Error 1 |
Secondary
Global Rating of Change
The Global rating of change (GROC) is used to measure the amount of improvement that the patient achieves from the intervention or rehabilitation program when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight. The score ranges from -7 to 0 to 7 in which -/+3 to -/+ 1 represents a small change, -/+ 4 to -/+5 represents moderate change and -/+6 to -/+7 means a large change. The negative and positive means the patient condition worsens or improves respectively.
Time frame: GROC score at week four
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Global Rating of Change | 4.9 points | Standard Error 0.5 |
| The Standard Intervention | Global Rating of Change | 4.5 points | Standard Error 0.5 |
Secondary
Global Rating of Change
The Global rating of change (GROC) is used to measure the amount of improvement that the patient achieves from the intervention or rehabilitation program when comparing baseline, week two, four, and eight. The score ranges from -7 to 0 to 7 in which -/+3 to -/+ 1 represents a small change, -/+ 4 to -/+5 represents moderate change and -/+6 to -/+7 means a large change. The negative and positive means the patient condition worsens or improves respectively. The points are scores on a scale (-7-0-+7 = 15 point scale).
Time frame: GROC score at week two
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Global Rating of Change | 2.6 points | Standard Error 0.5 |
| The Standard Intervention | Global Rating of Change | 2.1 points | Standard Error 0.5 |
Secondary
Neck Disability Index
Neck disability index measuring the level of neck disability when comparing baseline, week two, four, and eight. It consists of ten items each item is scored from 0 to 5 with a minimum score 0 and highest score 50. A score of zero (0) represents no disability while a score of 50 represents severe, full disability.
Time frame: NDI score at week two
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Neck Disability Index | 7.2 points | Standard Error 1 |
| The Standard Intervention | Neck Disability Index | 8.1 points | Standard Error 0.9 |
Secondary
Neck Disability Index
Neck disability index measuring the level of neck disability when comparing baseline, week two, four, and eight. It consists of ten items each item is scored from 0 to 5 with a minimum score 0 and highest score 50. A score of zero (0) represents no disability while a score of 50 represents severe, full disability.
Time frame: NDI score at baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Neck Disability Index | 12.2 points | Standard Error 1.1 |
| The Standard Intervention | Neck Disability Index | 10.6 points | Standard Error 1.1 |
Secondary
Neck Disability Index
Neck disability index measuring the level of neck disability when comparing baseline, week two, four, and eight. It consists of ten items each item is scored from 0 to 5 with a minimum score 0 and highest score 50. A score of zero (0) represents no disability while a score of 50 represents severe, full disability.
Time frame: NDI score at week four
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Neck Disability Index | 3.8 points | Standard Error 1.2 |
| The Standard Intervention | Neck Disability Index | 5.1 points | Standard Error 1.1 |
Secondary
Neck Disability Index
Neck disability index measuring the level of neck disability when comparing baseline, week two, four, and eight. It consists of ten items each item is scored from 0 to 5 with a minimum score 0 and highest score 50. A score of zero (0) represents no disability while a score of 50 represents severe, full disability.
Time frame: NDI score at week eight
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Neck Disability Index | 3.7 points | Standard Error 1 |
| The Standard Intervention | Neck Disability Index | 6.5 points | Standard Error 2.6 |
Secondary
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) is a liner outcome measurement used to determine the level of the participant's pain when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight. It consists of a straight 10 cm line that is scored from 0 to 10 with 10 mm intervals. The zero represents no pain while a 10 represents very severe pain that participant cannot stand.
Time frame: NPRS score at week four
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Numeric Pain Rating Scale | 1.7 Cm | Standard Error 0.4 |
| The Standard Intervention | Numeric Pain Rating Scale | 1.8 Cm | Standard Error 0.4 |
Secondary
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) is a liner outcome measurement used to determine the level of the participant's pain when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight. It consists of a straight 10 cm line that is scored from 0 to 10 with 10 mm intervals. The zero represents no pain while a 10 represents very severe pain that participant cannot stand.
Time frame: NPRS score at week two
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Numeric Pain Rating Scale | 3.6 Cm | Standard Error 0.4 |
| The Standard Intervention | Numeric Pain Rating Scale | 3.0 Cm | Standard Error 0.4 |
Secondary
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) is a liner outcome measurement used to determine the level of the participant's pain when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight. It consists of a straight 10 cm line that is scored from 0 to 10 with 10 mm intervals. The zero represents no pain while a 10 represents very severe pain that participant cannot stand.
Time frame: NPRS score at week eight
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Numeric Pain Rating Scale | 1.5 Cm | Standard Error 0.5 |
| The Standard Intervention | Numeric Pain Rating Scale | 1.8 Cm | Standard Error 0.6 |
Secondary
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) is a liner outcome measurement used to determine the level of the participant's pain when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight. It consists of a straight 10 cm line that is scored from 0 to 10 with 10 mm intervals. The zero represents no pain while a 10 represents very severe pain that participant cannot stand. The standard error is correct as stated.
Time frame: NPRS score at baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Numeric Pain Rating Scale | 5.2 Cm | Standard Error 0.4 |
| The Standard Intervention | Numeric Pain Rating Scale | 4.3 Cm | Standard Error 0.4 |
Secondary
Pressure Pain Threshold
Pressure pain threshold is an electronic device used to measure the amount of force that is required to produce pain when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight.
Time frame: Pressure Pain Threshold score at week four
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Pressure Pain Threshold | Right Pressure Pain Threshold | 5.6 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.5 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Pressure Pain Threshold | Left Pressure Pain Threshold | 5.8 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.6 |
| The Standard Intervention | Pressure Pain Threshold | Right Pressure Pain Threshold | 5.3 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.5 |
| The Standard Intervention | Pressure Pain Threshold | Left Pressure Pain Threshold | 5.6 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.5 |
Secondary
Pressure Pain Threshold
Pressure pain threshold is an electronic device used to measure the amount of force that is required to produce pain when comparing baseline, week two, four, and eight.
Time frame: Pressure Pain Threshold score at baseline
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Pressure Pain Threshold | Right Pressure Pain Threshold | 4.5 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.4 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Pressure Pain Threshold | Left Pressure Pain Threshold | 4.3 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.4 |
| The Standard Intervention | Pressure Pain Threshold | Right Pressure Pain Threshold | 5.0 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.5 |
| The Standard Intervention | Pressure Pain Threshold | Left Pressure Pain Threshold | 4.7 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.4 |
Secondary
Pressure Pain Threshold
Pressure pain threshold is an electronic device used to measure the amount of force that is required to produce pain when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight.
Time frame: Pressure Pain Threshold score at week two
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Pressure Pain Threshold | Right Pressure Pain Threshold | 4.7 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.3 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Pressure Pain Threshold | Left Pressure Pain Threshold | 4.5 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.3 |
| The Standard Intervention | Pressure Pain Threshold | Right Pressure Pain Threshold | 4.6 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.4 |
| The Standard Intervention | Pressure Pain Threshold | Left Pressure Pain Threshold | 4.5 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.4 |
Secondary
Pressure Pain Threshold
Pressure pain threshold is an electronic device used to measure the amount of force that is required to produce pain when comparing baseline, week two, four and eight.
Time frame: Pressure Pain Threshold score at week eight
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Intervention Group | Pressure Pain Threshold | Right Pressure Pain Threshold | 5.8 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.6 |
| Combined Intervention Group | Pressure Pain Threshold | Left Pressure Pain Threshold | 5.5 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.7 |
| The Standard Intervention | Pressure Pain Threshold | Right Pressure Pain Threshold | 4.9 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.4 |
| The Standard Intervention | Pressure Pain Threshold | Left Pressure Pain Threshold | 5.4 pound per centimeter square | Standard Error 0.6 |