Cocaine Use Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
HIV, sexual behavior
Brief summary
This project is a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial evaluating the feasibility, tolerability, acceptability and adherence for lorcaserin among actively using, men who have sex with men (MSM) with cocaine use disorders.The study will enroll 45 individuals who will randomly be assigned to either the treatment (lorcaserin) arm or the placebo arm, to be taken twice a day for 12 weeks.
Detailed description
This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week parallel group pilot study with 2:1 random assignment to 20 mg of extended-release oral lorcaserin versus placebo. Participants are recruited via street outreach, recruitment flyers, sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and HIV clinics, needle exchanges, community organizations, MSM bars, online Web sites, and social media. Potential participants complete a brief telephone screen to assess initial eligibility and, if eligible, are scheduled for an in-person screening visit. All participants give informed consent using University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved consent forms. A 10-item true/false questionnaire is used to verify participants' understanding of the trial. The target sample size for the study was 45 participants (The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) closed down the study early due to a long-term safety study showing that long term use of lorcaserin could be hazardous to your health). Only 22 of the 45 participants were randomized to the study. With the proposed sample size, we estimate that proportions for our feasibility and acceptability outcomes would be estimated within margins of sampling error (Mean squared error (MSEs); i.e., half widths of 95% confidence intervals) of ≤14.4 percentage points, and means with MSEs of 0.30 standard deviations, both typical for a small pilot study. Participants are screened for eligibility based on inclusion criteria. At Enrollment, participants are instructed to take one pill each day of extended-release lorcaserin 20mg or placebo. Medications are dispensed in bottles with Medication Events Monitoring (MEMS) caps, which are wireless medication monitoring devices that record each opening as a real-time medication event. All participants are asked about potential adverse events at each follow-up visit; symptom-driven physical exams and safety laboratory monitoring are done at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Adverse events are classified using the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Table for Grading Severity of Adult Adverse Experiences for HIV Prevention Trials Network. Participants are seen every week for substance use counseling and urine tests for cocaine metabolites. Trained staff, supervised by a clinical psychologist, administered brief (20-30 minutes) substance use counseling at follow-up visits. Audio-computer assisted self-interviews (ACASI) are used to standardize data collection and minimize reporting bias. Standardized measures are used to assess drug and alcohol use using timeline followback, substance use treatment, craving and severity of cocaine dependence, and sexual risk behavior. Acceptability measures include questions on attitudes about trial participation, level of satisfaction with trial procedures, and trial medication.
Interventions
DRUGlorcaserin
lorcaserin 20 mg tablet
DRUGPlacebo Oral Tablet
placebo 20 mg. tablet
BEHAVIORALSubstance use counseling
Manual-driven psychosocial substance use counseling program using cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing techniques and incorporating the Stages of Change Model.
BEHAVIORALACASI
Audio-computer assisted self-interviews (ACASI) is a self-administered standardized questionnaire on substance and alcohol use, substance use treatment, sexual risk behavior, partnership sexual risk, and
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTCocaine metabolites
Rapid qualitative urine test Medtox Verdict II (Medtox Diagnostics, Burlington, NC) and tamper-evident sweat patches (PharmChek®, PharmChem, Inc., Fort Worth, Tx)
BEHAVIORALEcological Momentary Assessment (EMA)
EMA are questions sent to the participant 4-5 times a day to determine real-time behavior and participant experiences.
BEHAVIORALBalloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)
BART is a computerized measure of risk taking behavior. The BART models real-world risk behavior through the conceptual frame of balancing the potential for reward versus loss. This is a test for impulsivity.
BEHAVIORALQualitative Exit Interview
The qualitative exit interview assessed acceptability measures and included questions on attitudes about trial participation, level of satisfaction with trial procedures, and trial medication.
Sponsors
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Glenn-Milo Santos
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Intervention model description
12-week parallel group pilot study with 2:1 random assignment to 20 mg of extended-release oral lorcaserin versus placebo
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Male gender assigned at birth and transgender men; * self-reported anal intercourse with men in the prior six months while under the influence of cocaine; * cocaine use disorder by (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-V) and Structured clinical interviews (SCID) criteria; * current cocaine use confirmed by urinalysis and cocaine use at least 15 days in the past 30 days; * HIV-negative by rapid test or HIV-positive with a medical record of HIV infection; * no current acute illnesses requiring prolonged medical care; * no chronic illnesses that are likely to progress clinically during trial; * able and willing to provide informed consent and adhere to visit schedule; * age 18-65 years; * baseline complete blood count (CBC), total protein, albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes without clinically significant abnormalities as determined by study clinician in conjunction with symptoms, physical exam, and medical history
Exclusion criteria
* Any psychiatric condition (e.g., depression with suicidal ideation, schizophrenia) or medical condition that would preclude safe study participation; * HIV-positive test result at screening visit but previously unaware of HIV infection (i.e., newly diagnosed with HIV infection at screening; those with a medical record of HIV infection are eligible); * any moderate to severe alcohol or substance use disorders (other than cocaine use disorders), according to DSM-V criteria; * known allergy or previous adverse reaction to lorcaserin; * current T-cell count (CD4) count \< 200 cells/mm3 ; * moderate/sever liver disease (Aspartate Transferase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) \> 3 times upper limit or normal); * severely impaired renal function (creatinine clearance £ 30 ml/min); * use of medications that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)); * predisposition to priapism; * currently participating in another longitudinal intervention research study; * body mass index (BMI) \< 15; or ≥ 30 with desire to use weight management medication, or BMI \> 35; * anticipated use of agents that are associated with valvulopathy and/or pulmonary hypertension * Are currently treated with an opiate-substitute (buprenorphine or methadone) maintenance treatment or received therapy with any opiate-substitute within 30 days preceding screening * Currently in court-mandated cocaine use treatment; * Had previous history of suicidal behavior in the last 12 months (yes answer to the suicidal behavior question 6 of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)); or currently have suicidal ideation as determined by 'yes' answers to questions 4 or 5 on the C-SSRS administered by a study clinician; * Any physical condition affecting drug absorption (e.g., gastrectomy); * 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrating Corrected QT interval (QTc) \> 450 or a Q wave, R wave and S wave (QRS) interval \> 120 msec at screening. If Fridericia (QTcF) exceeds 450 msec, or QRS exceeds 120 msec, the ECG should be repeated two more times and the average of the three QTc values should be used to determine the subject's eligibility. (Note: Participants newly diagnosed with HIV at screening who consent to be contacted for re-screening will be called in the subsequent month, or later, depending on participant preference).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Percentage of Weekly Follow-up Visits of Randomized Study Participants | 12 weeks | To determine the feasibility of retaining individuals on lorcaserin vs. placebo, the investigators have calculated the mean weekly percentage of follow-up visits of those randomized in the study |
| Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | 12 weeks | To explore the tolerability of lorcaserin vs. placebo the investigators will compute the number of adverse events, both overall and by type. A participant could have more than one AE. |
| Cumulative Percent Adherence of Medication Events Monitoring (MEMs) Cap | 12 weeks | To evaluate the adherence of lorcaserin vs. placebo, the investigators measured adherence as the frequency of taking the study drug as measured by the number of MEMS cap openings (wireless medication monitoring devices that record each opening as a real-time medication event). Cumulative percent adherence was calculated by dividing the frequency of openings at a given time point divided by the number of days since baseline. |
| Proportion of Self-reported Past Week Cocaine Use Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at 12 Weeks | 12 weeks | The outcome measure determines the proportion of self-reported past week cocaine use by Time-Line-Follow-back (TLFB) among lorcaserin and placebo groups at Baseline and at 12 weeks. |
| Proportion of Urine-positive Samples With Cocaine Positivity Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at Week 12 | Week 12 | The outcome measure determines the proportion of urine-positive samples with cocaine positivity among lorcaserin and placebo groups at Baseline and at Week 12 |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
On 2/13/2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety alert after concluding the assessment of the long-term safety of lorcaserin in CAMELLIA clinical trial among 6,000 participants who took lorcaserin for over 4.3 years and were overweight or obese, with cardiovascular disease. The analysis showed an increased risk of cancer. In response to the safety alert, active participants in our study were instructed to stop study medication use and informed of the FDA safety alert.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Treatment lorcaserin, extended release
lorcaserin: lorcaserin 20 mg tablet | 16 |
| Control Placebo
Placebo Oral Tablet: placebo 20 mg. tablet | 6 |
| Total | 22 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Treatment | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 36 years | 40 years | 39 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 15 Participants | 4 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ever Received Cocaine Treatment | 6 Participants | 2 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 5 Participants | 0 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 3 Participants | 4 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 7 Participants | 2 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 16 participants | 6 participants | 22 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 16 Participants | 6 Participants | 22 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 16 | 0 / 6 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 16 / 16 | 6 / 6 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 16 | 1 / 6 |
Outcome results
Primary
Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive)
To explore the tolerability of lorcaserin vs. placebo the investigators will compute the number of adverse events, both overall and by type. A participant could have more than one AE.
Time frame: 12 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_UNITS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Hyperglycemia | 3 Adverse Events |
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Coughing | 2 Adverse Events |
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Abdominal Pain | 2 Adverse Events |
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Rash | 3 Adverse Events |
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Diarrhea | 3 Adverse Events |
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Other | 2 Adverse Events |
| Control Group | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Diarrhea | 0 Adverse Events |
| Control Group | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Hyperglycemia | 1 Adverse Events |
| Control Group | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Rash | 0 Adverse Events |
| Control Group | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Coughing | 1 Adverse Events |
| Control Group | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Other | 4 Adverse Events |
| Control Group | Adverse Clinical Events in the Lorcaserin and Placebo Arms (Descriptive) | Abdominal Pain | 1 Adverse Events |
p-value: 0.53Fisher Exact
Primary
Cumulative Percent Adherence of Medication Events Monitoring (MEMs) Cap
To evaluate the adherence of lorcaserin vs. placebo, the investigators measured adherence as the frequency of taking the study drug as measured by the number of MEMS cap openings (wireless medication monitoring devices that record each opening as a real-time medication event). Cumulative percent adherence was calculated by dividing the frequency of openings at a given time point divided by the number of days since baseline.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Population: MEMS Cap openings will track daily adherence; each dispenser opening is recorded as a medication event sent to a remote database in real time. The MEMs Cap openings will be calculated as the proportion of MEMs Cap opening over the number of days since enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Cumulative Percent Adherence of Medication Events Monitoring (MEMs) Cap | 51.6 percent adherence | Standard Deviation 27.7 |
| Control Group | Cumulative Percent Adherence of Medication Events Monitoring (MEMs) Cap | 66.2 percent adherence | Standard Deviation 21.7 |
p-value: 0.32Fisher Exact
Primary
Mean Percentage of Weekly Follow-up Visits of Randomized Study Participants
To determine the feasibility of retaining individuals on lorcaserin vs. placebo, the investigators have calculated the mean weekly percentage of follow-up visits of those randomized in the study
Time frame: 12 weeks
Population: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an early termination of this study after concluding the assessment in the long-term safety of lorcaserin in another clinical trial among obese, cardiovascular patients who had been taking lorcaserin for an average of 4.3 years. At the time of early termination, we had enrolled a total of 22 participants and this is why the overall number varies for this analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Mean Percentage of Weekly Follow-up Visits of Randomized Study Participants | Treatment Group | 83 mean percent of visit retention | Standard Deviation 22 |
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Mean Percentage of Weekly Follow-up Visits of Randomized Study Participants | Control Group | 81 mean percent of visit retention | Standard Deviation 26 |
p-value: 0.91Fisher Exact
Primary
Proportion of Self-reported Past Week Cocaine Use Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at 12 Weeks
The outcome measure determines the proportion of self-reported past week cocaine use by Time-Line-Follow-back (TLFB) among lorcaserin and placebo groups at Baseline and at 12 weeks.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Population: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an early termination of this study after concluding the assessment in the long-term safety of lorcaserin in another clinical trial among obese, cardiovascular patients who had been taking lorcaserin for an average of 4.3 years. At the time of early termination, we had enrolled a total of 22 participants and this is why the overall number varies for this analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Proportion of Self-reported Past Week Cocaine Use Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at 12 Weeks | Proportion of self-reported weekly cocaine use by Time-Line-Follow-Up (TLFU) at baseline | 12 Participants |
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Proportion of Self-reported Past Week Cocaine Use Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at 12 Weeks | Proportion of self-reported weekly cocaine use by TLFU at Week 12 | 7 Participants |
| Control Group | Proportion of Self-reported Past Week Cocaine Use Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at 12 Weeks | Proportion of self-reported weekly cocaine use by Time-Line-Follow-Up (TLFU) at baseline | 6 Participants |
| Control Group | Proportion of Self-reported Past Week Cocaine Use Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at 12 Weeks | Proportion of self-reported weekly cocaine use by TLFU at Week 12 | 6 Participants |
p-value: 0.541Fisher Exact
Primary
Proportion of Urine-positive Samples With Cocaine Positivity Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at Week 12
The outcome measure determines the proportion of urine-positive samples with cocaine positivity among lorcaserin and placebo groups at Baseline and at Week 12
Time frame: Week 12
Population: At baseline, we had 16 participants in the lorcaserin arm and 6 in the placebo arm. 8 participants in the lorcaserin arm and no participants in the placebo arm tested positive for cocaine use disorder cocaine use disorder (CUD). At week 12, four participants lost to follow-up (LTFU) in the lorcaserin arm and 1 LTFU in the placebo arm, thus causing a difference in the overall number analyzed at week 12.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Proportion of Urine-positive Samples With Cocaine Positivity Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at Week 12 | Urine positive samples with cocaine use at baseline | 8 Participants |
| Mean Percent of Weekly Follow-up Visits by Treatment and Control Arms | Proportion of Urine-positive Samples With Cocaine Positivity Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at Week 12 | Urine positive samples with cocaine use at Week 12 | 7 Participants |
| Control Group | Proportion of Urine-positive Samples With Cocaine Positivity Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at Week 12 | Urine positive samples with cocaine use at baseline | 0 Participants |
| Control Group | Proportion of Urine-positive Samples With Cocaine Positivity Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at Week 12 | Urine positive samples with cocaine use at Week 12 | 1 Participants |
95% CI: [0.24, 3.82]