Lumbar Puncture, Spinal; Puncture, Complications, Headache, Stress, Emotional
Conditions
Keywords
Stress, Performance of procedures, Lumbar Puncture
Brief summary
This study explores lumbar puncture operators stress associated with their performance of the procedure, across three experience levels: Experts, Intermediates, and Novices. The study will investigate the association of this potential stress to patient experienced stress and patient related outcomes of the lumbar puncture procedure.
Detailed description
The consequences of being in a state of Acute Mental Stress are reduced working memory, decreased psychomotor performance, and impaired performance. Although some levels of increased stress response might be beneficial, there seems to be an upper-limit when performance is reduced. According to the Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress (CATS), the stress sensation arises when the requirements exceed the resources for a given task. For the LP procedure, a stress sensation among novice residents might arise due to the combination of the LP being a complex procedure depending on both technical as non-technical aspects combined with residents uncertainties for procedural performance and a fear of doing harm. Despite a growing recognition of stress among residents, the acute mental stress of residents performing invasive procedures has been unacknowledged. Within neurology, internal medicine, and emergency medicine a particular subject for this stress might pertain to residents' first performance of the lumbar puncture. However, for non-surgical invasive procedures as the LP, there is a lack of evidence for measurements of AMS across experience levels and how this potential stress might influence the performance and patient related outcomes. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore stress levels across lumbar puncture experience levels and how this potential stress might affect procedural performance and the patients' experience of stress and outcomes of the procedure. Additionally, the study will explore a potential correlation between patient stress and the risk of developing post-dural puncture headache.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Region Zealand
Rigshospitalet, Denmark
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 80 Years
Inclusion criteria
Physicians: Inclusion Criteria physicians: * Medical Doctor or Medical student working as substitute junior medical officer * Speaking Danish fluently * Understanding and accepting study implications * For novice group only: Medical student having clinical rotation at the study sites
Exclusion criteria
physicians: * N/A For expert group physicians: Consultant (or other senior physician position); LP experience \> 100 procedures; supervisor for novice performer; Performing LP on a regular basis. For intermediate group physicians: Performing LP on a regular basis; LP experience of 10-80 procedures. For novice group physicians: No previous lumbar puncture experience For patients enrolled in the study: Inclusion Criteria Patients: * Referred to the outpatient clinic for a LP; * Glasgow Coma Scale 15; * Proficiency in the Danish Language; * Age between 18 and 80 years; * Understanding and accepting study implications * Able to co-operate to the procedure without a need for personal assistance; * Providing written and orally informed consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate Variability during performance (Timedomain analysis) | A recording of 5 minutes obtained five minutes before obtaining liquor or abandoning the procedure. | Rate Variability before performance Timedomain analysis: RMSDD (ms), pNN50 (%) |
| State Trait Anxiety Inventory - Short (during performance) | Just before needle insertion | A questionaire exploring the stress related anxiety |
| Heart Rate Variability before performance (Heart rate) | A recording of 5 minutes obtained five minutes before performance. | Heart Rate Variability: Heart rate (bp/min) |
| Heart Rate Variability before performance (Spectrum analysis) | A recording of 5 minutes obtained five minutes before performance. | Heart Rate Variability: Total power (Sum of Low Frequency, Very Low frequency, High Frequency) (ms) |
| Heart Rate Variability before performance (Timedomain analysis) | A recording of 5 minutes obtained five minutes before performance. | Heart Rate Variability before performance Timedomain analysis: RMSDD (ms), pNN50 (%) |
| Heart Rate Variability during performance (Heart rate) | A recording of 5 minutes obtained five minutes before obtaining liquor or abandoning the procedure. | Heart Rate Variability: Heart rate (bp/min) |
| Heart Rate Variability during performance (Spectrum analysis) | A recording of 5 minutes obtained five minutes before obtaining liquor or abandoning the procedure. | Heart Rate Variability: Total Power (Sum of Low Frequency, Very Low frequency, High Frequency) (ms) |
| Cognitive Appraisal | Five minutes before performance | Cognitive Appraisal explores the individuals perception of resources and demands for the performance (scores range from 1/6 to 6) |
| State Trait Anxiety Inventory - Short (before performance) | Five minutes before performance | A questionaire exploring the stress related anxiety |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Procedure outcomes | Registered during procedure operation | Number of needle insertions, |
| Duration of time to needle insertion | Obtained during procedure, Time from needle penetration of the skin to obtaining liquor (mm:ss) | A time stamp from first needle penetration of the skin to obtaining the liquor or abandoning the procedure. |
| Confidence in operator | Assessed five minutes after termination of the procedure | A 10-point anchored Likert scale: 0=not confident - 10=very confident |
| Pain intensity during procedure | Assessed five minutes after termination of the procedure | A 10-point anchored Likert scale; 0= no pain - 10= Worst imaginable pain. |
| Post Dural Puncture Headache | Telephone interview seven days after the procedure performance date | Post Dural Puncture Headache, following the Lübeckers classification |
| Patients State Trait Anxiety Inventory - Short | : Five minutes before performance; Just Before Needle insertion; Five minutes after termination of the procedure | A questionaire exploring the stress related anxiety (scores range from 6-24) |
Countries
Denmark
Contacts
Primary ContactMikael J Henriksen, MD
Backup ContactLars Konge, MD, PhD
Outcome results
None listed