Menopause Related Conditions, Postmenopausal Symptoms
Conditions
Keywords
vaginal dryness, lubricant, lubrication, intravaginal ring, IVR, vaginal, extended release
Brief summary
This investigation is designed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the VR101 lubricating intravaginal ring (IVR) in treating the symptoms of vaginal dryness. In the proposed investigation, participants will use VR101 devices and sham control rings in a crossover study design. All participants who successfully complete the crossover study will be given the option to continue using VR101 for a total of 13 consecutive weeks to evaluate the long-term safety of the new device.
Detailed description
CI02, A Pivotal Clinical Investigation to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of J3 Bioscience Lubricating Intravaginal Ring VR101 in Relieving Symptoms of Vaginal Dryness, is a multi-center, investigator- and participant-blind, randomized crossover study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of VR101 and establish its substantial equivalence to the predicate device, building on the results obtained in CI01, VR101: A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Preliminary Feasibility and Safety of a Lubricating Intravaginal Ring to Relieve the Symptoms of Vaginal Dryness. The data from CI02 will be used to support a premarket 510(k) notification to the FDA to enable regulatory clearance of the device in the United States (US). At least 60 participants (up to 69 may be enrolled to account for the anticipated drop-out rate) who consent to be enrolled and meet inclusion/exclusion criteria will be enrolled in the study. To qualify, women must be over the age of 35 who self-report having experienced vaginal dryness symptoms that interfere with daily activities, including but not limited to sexual activity, in the last 60 days; and their clinician-assigned baseline VHI score must be 22 or lower. Enrolled participants will be randomly assigned to be treated initially by VR101 (GROUP V1S2) or a sham control (GROUP S1V2). Participants randomly assigned to GROUP V1S2 will insert a VR101 device and leave it in place for 7 days, then remove the first device and replace it with a fresh device on day 7. Subsequently, 2 additional devices will be inserted and removed serially on a 7-day schedule until a total of 4 devices are used by each study participant, with the last device removed at day 28. Participants assigned to S1V2 will insert a sham control ring and leave it in place for 7 days, then remove the first ring and replace it with a new ring on day 7. Subsequently, 2 additional sham rings will be inserted and removed serially on a 7-day schedule until a total of 4 sham rings are used by each study participant, with the last sham ring removed at day 28. Following completion of the first 28-day treatment course with either VR101 device or sham control, participants will undergo a 21-day washout period during which no products (devices or sham rings) will be used, before crossing over to treatment with the other product. All participants who successfully complete the crossover study will be given the option to complete the long-term safety evaluation. V1S2 participants who elect to enter the safety study will switch back to VR101 following completion of the crossover study and use a new VR101 device every day for 13 consecutive weeks. S1V2 participants who elect to enter the safety study will continue using a new VR101 device every 7 days for 9 additional weeks, or a total of 13 consecutive weeks.
Interventions
DEVICEVR101 Device (Efficacy)
Self-insertion of VR101 Device for 7 days, followed by replacement with a fresh VR101Device, until 4 each Devices have been used for 7 days each, with total consecutive device use equal to 28 days
OTHERSham Control Ring
Self-insertion of Sham Ring for 7 days, followed by replacement with a fresh Sham Ring, until 4 each Sham Rings have been used for 7 days each, with total consecutive Sham use equal to 28 days
DEVICEVR101 Device (Safety)
Following the 4-week use of shams and a 3-week washout period participants randomized to the Safety Study will use a new VR101 device every 7 days for 13 consecutive weeks.
Sponsors
Advanced Clinical Research Services, LLC
Phil Triolo and Associates LC
J3 Bioscience, Inc.
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Masking description
VR101 devices and Sham control rings differ only in that VR101 device rings contain glycerol-based lubricant, whereas the Sham controls do not. The product, either VR101 device or Sham ring, is randomly assigned to participants when they are enrolled in the study. Once inserted in the vagina, the devices are indistinguishable. Thus, Investigators cannot tell whether a VR101 device or Sham is in place while performing any vaginal examination. All products (VR101 devices or Sham rings) are intravaginally placed by participants in a room that is not occupied by Care Providers or Investigators, so it is impossible for them to know which product has been assigned. The packaging of all products is identical.
Intervention model description
Participants randomly assigned to GROUP V1S2 will insert a VR101 device and leave it in place for 7 days, then remove the first device and replace it with a fresh device on day 7. Subsequently, 2 additional devices will be inserted and removed serially on a 7-day schedule until a total of 4 devices are used by each study participant, with the last device removed at day 28. Participants assigned to S1V2 will insert a sham control ring and leave it in place for 7 days, then remove the first ring and replace it with a new ring on day 7. Subsequently, 2 additional sham rings will be inserted and removed serially on a 7-day schedule until a total of 4 sham rings are used by each study participant, with the last sham ring removed at day 28. Following completion of the first 28-day treatment course with either VR101 or sham control, participants will undergo a 21-day washout period during which no devices will be used, before crossing over to treatment with the other device.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
35 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Potential participants must: * Completely understand and sign the informed consent form (ability to read and understand the consent form in the English language). * Be female 35 years of age or older. * Express willingness to comply with the study visit schedule (see Table 4 in study procedures section). * Over the course of the study: * Express willingness to abstain from the use of any vaginal moisturizers or lubricants or any other topically applied vaginal products not provided by study staff during VR101 or sham use, or during the Washout Period * Express willingness to abstain from the use of any HRT (hormone replacement therapy) or hormone-containing birth control products * Express willingness to abstain from use of any vaginal ring, diaphragm, cervical cap, or pessary products * In the previous 60 days, have self-reported vaginal dryness that interferes with daily activities, which may include sexual intercourse * Present with a VHI score of 22 or less, as scored by a trained clinician during the initial visit
Exclusion criteria
Potential participants self-reporting any of the following will be ineligible for study entry: * Current use of HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) or any hormone-containing birth control products. * Vulvar or vaginal procedures (biopsies, radiation) in the last 3 months * Active vulvar or vaginal infections/lesions or complaints, as well as undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding * History of chronic pelvic pain, interstitial cystitis, vulvar vestibulitis, pelvic inflammatory disease within the past 3 months * Known current, clinically evident cervical or vaginal infection * Participants who have given birth or terminated pregnancy in the past 6 weeks. * Postpartum or post-abortion endometritis, unless symptoms resolved at least 3 months prior to study entry * Current persistent, abnormal vaginal bleeding * History of inability to place a vaginal ring * History of any abnormality of the vagina resulting in distortion of the vaginal canal or incompatibility with intravaginal ring placement * Body habitus or history of lower genital tract abnormalities or prior surgeries which may not allow the vagina to be appropriately accessed * Known or suspected allergy or hypersensitivity to polyurethanes or glycerol * Known current alcohol or illicit drug abuse * Participants who have not recovered from adverse events due to chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer * Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection of the urogenital tract, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements * Any condition that in the opinion of the investigator or study staff that would constitute contraindications to participation in the study or would compromise ability to comply with the study protocol * Current use of a vaginal ring, pessary, cervical cap or diaphragm unless willingness to discontinue for the study duration is expressed * Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant in the next 6 months * Current breastfeeding and inability or unwillingness to discontinue breastfeeding for the duration of the study NOTE: IUD (Intrauterine Device, e.g., ParaGard®) users may be enrolled provided they commit to exercising caution when removing VR101 as IUD strings have been noted to interfere with VR101 removal. NOTE: Participants who have previously undergone anterior and/or posterior vaginal repair and have received a vaginal mesh implant may have difficulty placing VR101, although no safety issues with VR101 use in CI01 participants who had vaginal mesh implants were noted.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians | Baseline, 28 Days | The Vaginal Health Index (VHI) ranges from 5 to 20 and is calculated via addition of clinician-determined ratings for Vaginal Elasticity, Fluid Volume, Epithelial Integrity, Moisture and pH (each ranges from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best). |
| Serious Adverse Device Effects | Up to 24 weeks total, comprising up to 17 weeks total VR101 use and up to 4 weeks total sham control use. | Number of Participants with Serious Adverse Device Effects Over the VR101 Treatment Period |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vaginal Dryness Severity Survey (Population Analysis) | 7 Days | Claim 1: VR101 relieves the symptoms of vaginal dryness for up to 7 days. Participants were asked to rate the severity of their vaginal dryness on a four-point scale throughout the investigation. Responses were assigned numerical values as follows: * I have not experienced vaginal dryness (assigned a score of 0) * Mild (assigned a score of 1) * Moderate (assigned a score of 2) * Severe (assigned a score of 3) To assess the ability of VR101 to relieve the symptoms of dryness on the final day of ring use (nominally 7 days), participants were asked to report their dryness severity in the last 24 hours when removing their first VR101. This score was compared to the participant's assessment of their dryness severity in the week prior to VR101 use. |
| Vaginal Dryness Severity Survey (Individual Analysis) | 7 Days | Claim 1: VR101 relieves the symptoms of vaginal dryness for up to 7 days. Participants were asked to rate the severity of their vaginal dryness on a four-point scale throughout the investigation. Responses were assigned numerical values as follows: * I have not experienced vaginal dryness (assigned a score of 0) * Mild (assigned a score of 1) * Moderate (assigned a score of 2) * Severe (assigned a score of 3) To assess the ability of VR101 to relieve the symptoms of dryness on the final day of ring use (nominally 7 days), participants were asked to report their dryness severity in the last 24 hours when removing their first VR101. This score was compared to the participant's assessment of their dryness severity in the week prior to VR101 use. |
| VR101 Ease of Use Survey | First Ring Insertion | Claim 2: VR101 is easy to use by following the provided instructions. To assess the ability to use VR101 by following the instructions for use and without professional medical assistance, participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with the following statement, the ring was easy to use by following the provided instructions, when removing their first VR101. The following scale was used to rate the level of agreement: * Disagree completely (assigned a score of -4) * Disagree a lot (assigned a score of -3) * Disagree somewhat (assigned a score of -2) * Disagree a little (assigned a score of -1) * Neither agree nor disagree (assigned a score of 0) * Agree a little (assigned a score of 1) * Agree somewhat (assigned a score of 2) * Agree a lot (assigned a score of 3) * Agree completely (assigned a score of 4) The scores of the 67 participants are summarized below. Favorable scores were defined as those of 1 or higher. |
| Number of VR101 Devices Considered as Comfortable / Uncomfortable | Up to 4 weeks total | Claim 3: VR101 is comfortable during use In each daily diary, the participant was asked to rate her level of agreement with the statement the ring was comfortable to me today. The following scale was used to rate the level of agreement: * Disagree completely (assigned a score of -4) * Disagree a lot (assigned a score of -3) * Disagree somewhat (assigned a score of -2) * Disagree a little (assigned a score of -1) * Neither agree nor disagree (assigned a score of 0) * Agree a little (assigned a score of 1) * Agree somewhat (assigned a score of 2) * Agree a lot (assigned a score of 3) * Agree completely (assigned a score of 4) |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| V1S2 Participants randomly assigned to GROUP V1S2 were instructed to insert a VR101 device and leave it in place for 7 days, then remove the first device and replace it with a fresh device on day 7. Subsequently, participants were instructed to insert and remove 2 additional devices serially on a 7-day schedule until a total of 4 devices were used by each participant, with the last device removed at day 28. | 36 |
| S1V2 Participants assigned to S1V2 were instructed to insert a sham control ring and leave it in place for 7 days, then remove the first ring and replace it with a new ring on day 7. Subsequently, they were instructed to insert and remove 2 additional sham rings serially on a 7-day schedule until a total of 4 sham rings were used by each participant, with the last sham ring removed at day 28. | 36 |
| Total | 72 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | V1S2 | Total | S1V2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 59.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 | 59.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 | 59.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 5 Participants | 7 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 31 Participants | 65 Participants | 34 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Menopausal Status Menopausal | 36 Participants | 71 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Menopausal Status Not Menopausal | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 35 Participants | 70 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 36 Participants | 72 Participants | 36 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 69 | 0 / 67 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 46 / 69 | 31 / 67 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 69 | 0 / 67 |
Outcome results
Primary
Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians
The Vaginal Health Index (VHI) ranges from 5 to 20 and is calculated via addition of clinician-determined ratings for Vaginal Elasticity, Fluid Volume, Epithelial Integrity, Moisture and pH (each ranges from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best).
Time frame: Baseline, 28 Days
Population: Completers Only: Participants that completed both study periods.~Worst-Case, Non-Statistical, Per-Protocol: Subjects who didn't complete a study period were assigned the last available score for Day 28. Subjects who missed an entire study period were assigned the worst-performing change score from the remaining population for Day 28.~LOCF: Same as the per-protocol group, except participants missing an entire study period were assigned a change score of 0 (no efficacy) for that period.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VR101 | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians | Completers Only | 1.76 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 3.32 |
| VR101 | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians | Worst-Case, Non-Statistical, Per-Protocol | 1.38 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 3.55 |
| VR101 | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians | LOCF | 1.63 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 3.21 |
| Sham Control | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians | Completers Only | 0.55 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 3.7 |
| Sham Control | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians | Worst-Case, Non-Statistical, Per-Protocol | 0.97 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 4.04 |
| Sham Control | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians | LOCF | 0.49 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 3.56 |
Primary
Serious Adverse Device Effects
Number of Participants with Serious Adverse Device Effects Over the VR101 Treatment Period
Time frame: Up to 24 weeks total, comprising up to 17 weeks total VR101 use and up to 4 weeks total sham control use.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| VR101 | Serious Adverse Device Effects | 0 Participants |
| Sham Control | Serious Adverse Device Effects | 0 Participants |
Post Hoc
Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians - Post-Hoc Analysis 1
The Vaginal Health Index (VHI) ranges from 5 to 20 and is calculated via addition of clinician-determined ratings for Vaginal Elasticity, Fluid Volume, Epithelial Integrity, Moisture and pH (each ranges from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best). The SAS Proc Mixed model was employed with Kenward-Roger degrees of freedom. The treatment effect was defined as the change in VHI between baseline and day 28. The subject, sequence, period and treatment were all included as effects. Furthermore, last observation carried forward (LOCF) for the raw score was used for cases where the Day 28 observation was missing within a treatment period if the subject had at least one measurement, including baseline, within the treatment period.
Time frame: Baseline, 28 Days
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VR101 | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians - Post-Hoc Analysis 1 | Baseline Included as Covariate | 1.59 Score on a Scale | Standard Error 0.33 |
| VR101 | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians - Post-Hoc Analysis 1 | Baseline not included as Covariate | 1.68 Score on a Scale | Standard Error 0.41 |
| Sham Control | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians - Post-Hoc Analysis 1 | Baseline Included as Covariate | 0.44 Score on a Scale | Standard Error 0.34 |
| Sham Control | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians - Post-Hoc Analysis 1 | Baseline not included as Covariate | 0.35 Score on a Scale | Standard Error 0.41 |
Post Hoc
Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians - Post-Hoc Analysis 2
The Vaginal Health Index (VHI) ranges from 5 to 20 and is calculated via addition of clinician-determined ratings for Vaginal Elasticity, Fluid Volume, Epithelial Integrity, Moisture and pH (each ranges from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best). The missingness of VHI scores was evaluated in detail, with the eventual conclusion that a missing at random (MAR) assumption was plausible for the missing VHI scores (at either day 0 or day 28). This conclusion was supported by the observation that no participants reported withdrawing due to a lack of perceived VR101 efficacy. The analysis also modeled raw VHI values rather than the treatment effect (change in VHI from day 0 to day 28), but reported summary statistics in terms of net treatment effect. No LOCF imputations were performed.
Time frame: Baseline, 28 Days
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VR101 | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians - Post-Hoc Analysis 2 | Classical Mixed Model | 0.48 Score on a Scale | Standard Error 0.21 |
| VR101 | Efficacy of VR101 Treatments at 28 Days Assessed by Change in VHI (Vaginal Health Index) Scores Assigned by Clinicians - Post-Hoc Analysis 2 | Unequal Variance Model | 0.49 Score on a Scale | Standard Error 0.2 |
Other Pre-specified
Number of VR101 Devices Considered as Comfortable / Uncomfortable
Claim 3: VR101 is comfortable during use In each daily diary, the participant was asked to rate her level of agreement with the statement the ring was comfortable to me today. The following scale was used to rate the level of agreement: * Disagree completely (assigned a score of -4) * Disagree a lot (assigned a score of -3) * Disagree somewhat (assigned a score of -2) * Disagree a little (assigned a score of -1) * Neither agree nor disagree (assigned a score of 0) * Agree a little (assigned a score of 1) * Agree somewhat (assigned a score of 2) * Agree a lot (assigned a score of 3) * Agree completely (assigned a score of 4)
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks total
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| VR101 | Number of VR101 Devices Considered as Comfortable / Uncomfortable | 1629 Daily Diary Entries |
| Sham Control | Number of VR101 Devices Considered as Comfortable / Uncomfortable | 215 Daily Diary Entries |
Other Pre-specified
Vaginal Dryness Severity Survey (Individual Analysis)
Claim 1: VR101 relieves the symptoms of vaginal dryness for up to 7 days. Participants were asked to rate the severity of their vaginal dryness on a four-point scale throughout the investigation. Responses were assigned numerical values as follows: * I have not experienced vaginal dryness (assigned a score of 0) * Mild (assigned a score of 1) * Moderate (assigned a score of 2) * Severe (assigned a score of 3) To assess the ability of VR101 to relieve the symptoms of dryness on the final day of ring use (nominally 7 days), participants were asked to report their dryness severity in the last 24 hours when removing their first VR101. This score was compared to the participant's assessment of their dryness severity in the week prior to VR101 use.
Time frame: 7 Days
Population: Participants who completed their first week of VR101 use
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| VR101 | Vaginal Dryness Severity Survey (Individual Analysis) | 48 Participants |
| Sham Control | Vaginal Dryness Severity Survey (Individual Analysis) | 15 Participants |
| Worsened | Vaginal Dryness Severity Survey (Individual Analysis) | 3 Participants |
Other Pre-specified
Vaginal Dryness Severity Survey (Population Analysis)
Claim 1: VR101 relieves the symptoms of vaginal dryness for up to 7 days. Participants were asked to rate the severity of their vaginal dryness on a four-point scale throughout the investigation. Responses were assigned numerical values as follows: * I have not experienced vaginal dryness (assigned a score of 0) * Mild (assigned a score of 1) * Moderate (assigned a score of 2) * Severe (assigned a score of 3) To assess the ability of VR101 to relieve the symptoms of dryness on the final day of ring use (nominally 7 days), participants were asked to report their dryness severity in the last 24 hours when removing their first VR101. This score was compared to the participant's assessment of their dryness severity in the week prior to VR101 use.
Time frame: 7 Days
Population: Participants who completed their first week of VR101 use
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| VR101 | Vaginal Dryness Severity Survey (Population Analysis) | 0.71 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| Sham Control | Vaginal Dryness Severity Survey (Population Analysis) | 1.77 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
Other Pre-specified
VR101 Ease of Use Survey
Claim 2: VR101 is easy to use by following the provided instructions. To assess the ability to use VR101 by following the instructions for use and without professional medical assistance, participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with the following statement, the ring was easy to use by following the provided instructions, when removing their first VR101. The following scale was used to rate the level of agreement: * Disagree completely (assigned a score of -4) * Disagree a lot (assigned a score of -3) * Disagree somewhat (assigned a score of -2) * Disagree a little (assigned a score of -1) * Neither agree nor disagree (assigned a score of 0) * Agree a little (assigned a score of 1) * Agree somewhat (assigned a score of 2) * Agree a lot (assigned a score of 3) * Agree completely (assigned a score of 4) The scores of the 67 participants are summarized below. Favorable scores were defined as those of 1 or higher.
Time frame: First Ring Insertion
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| VR101 | VR101 Ease of Use Survey | 62 Participants |
| Sham Control | VR101 Ease of Use Survey | 5 Participants |