Nutrition
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to collect nutritional information from young children aged 15-36 months to validate a newly developed food frequency questionnaire.
Detailed description
The primary purpose of this study is to validate a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) against a reference method (2-day weighed food records) in a sample of young children aged 15-36 months. In addition to dietary data, the investigators also collected information on parental demographics, toddler health with regards to allergies and intolerance, parental feeding practices, parent and child weight and height and lastly, saliva samples to study inflammatory markers. Therefore, in addition to the validation of the FFQ- the data will also be used to study associations between dietary patterns, food and nutrient intake and (i) parental feeding practices and (ii) inflammatory biomarkers from saliva
Interventions
OTHERthis study is observational, it is not an intervention
Sponsors
Danone Asia Pacific Holdings Pte, Ltd.
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
15 Months to 36 Months
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. 15-36 months old boys and girls who are healthy 2. Toddlers who are from either Chinese, Malay or Indian ethnic group
Exclusion criteria
1. Toddlers with any acute or chronic illness, such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease, or illness that negatively affects food intake (e.g. Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis). 2. Toddlers with history of antibiotics used in the last 1 week before the study. 3. Toddlers with history of vaccination in the last 2 weeks before the study 4. Toddlers with one or both parents of Caucasian origin.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire | up to 1 month | Ninety-one parents completed the sqFFQ and a 2-day weighed food record as the reference method. Intake of energy and nutrients (energy, carbohydrates, fat, protein, fibre, sugars, calcium and iron) were determined for each method and compared using Pearson correlations. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers | up to 1 month | C-reactive protein, salivary IgA, alpha amylase |
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| FFQ Group The study included toddlers of 15-39 months of age of Chinese, Malay, or Indian ethnicity in Singapore. | 91 |
| Total | 91 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | FFQ Group |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 91 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 23 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 7 |
| Region of Enrollment Singapore | 91 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 47 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 44 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 91 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 91 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 91 |
Outcome results
Primary
Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire
Ninety-one parents completed the sqFFQ and a 2-day weighed food record as the reference method. Intake of energy and nutrients (energy, carbohydrates, fat, protein, fibre, sugars, calcium and iron) were determined for each method and compared using Pearson correlations.
Time frame: up to 1 month
Population: Ninety-one parents of Singaporean toddlers who completed the sqFFQ and a 2-day weighed food record. Here pearson correlation between the two methods (FFQ and food diary) is presented.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| FFQ Group | Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire | total Energy | 0.39 Pearson correlation |
| FFQ Group | Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire | Protein | 0.35 Pearson correlation |
| FFQ Group | Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire | total fat | 0.28 Pearson correlation |
| FFQ Group | Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire | total carbohydrates | 0.32 Pearson correlation |
| FFQ Group | Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire | sugars | 0.42 Pearson correlation |
| FFQ Group | Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire | fibre | 0.56 Pearson correlation |
| FFQ Group | Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire | Calcium | 0.62 Pearson correlation |
| FFQ Group | Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire | Iron | 0.28 Pearson correlation |
Secondary
Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers
C-reactive protein, salivary IgA, alpha amylase
Time frame: up to 1 month
Population: Subjects who had sufficient saliva sample for analysis. There was not sufficient saliva sample to measure the CRP values, thus CRP values are not reported.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FFQ Group | Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers | IgA | 119314 ug/ml | Standard Deviation 157368 |
| FFQ Group | Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers | Amylase | 79 ug/ml | Standard Deviation 60 |