Acute Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Follicular Lymphoma, Graft Versus Host Disease, Hodgkin Lymphoma, Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Marginal Zone Lymphoma, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Myelodysplasia-Related Changes, Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma, Refractory Plasma Cell Myeloma, Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Conditions
Brief summary
This pilot phase II trial studies how well high dose cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil work in preventing graft versus host disease in patients with hematological malignancies undergoing myeloablative or reduced intensity donor stem cell transplant. Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can make an immune response against the body's normal cells (called graft versus host disease). Giving high dose cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil after the transplant may stop this from happening.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To estimate the graft versus host disease (GVHD)-free relapse/progression-free survival (GRFS) at one-year post hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and to evaluate the clinical activity of post-transplant high dose cyclophosphamide (PTCy). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To summarize toxicities/complications/infections including type, frequency, severity, attribution, time course and duration through 100 days post-transplant. II. To estimate the cumulative incidence (CI) of acute and chronic GVHD. III. To characterize the time course of neutrophil and platelet recovery/engraftment. IV. To estimate overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), CI of relapse/progression and non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 100 days, 1 year and 2 years. V. To describe quality of life at 100 days, 6 months, 1 and 2 years. VI. To characterize immune cell reconstitution and T cell repertoire post high dose cyclophosphamide in mismatched donor HCT. VII. To characterize quality of life. OUTLINE: CONDITIONING REGIMEN: Patients are assigned to 1 of 3 conditioning regimens at the discretion of the attending physician and principal investigator. REGIMEN A (REDUCED INTENSITY CONDITIONING): Patients receive fludarabine phosphate intravenously (IV) over 60 minutes on days -7 to -3 and melphalan hydrochloride IV over 20 minutes on day -2. REGIMEN B (MYELOABLATIVE CONDITIONING \[MAC\]): Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 1-3 hours and busulfan IV over 3 hour on days -5 to -2. REGIMEN C (MAC): Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 60 minutes on days -7 to -5 and total body irradiation (TBI) twice daily (BID) on days -4 to -1. TRANSPLANT: Patients undergo peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) on day 0. GVHD PROPHYLAXIS: Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 1-2 hours on days 3-4, mycophenolate mofetil IV or orally (PO) thrice daily (TID) beginning on day 5 and stopping on day 35 if no severe GVHD is present, and tacrolimus IV continuously on days 5-180 with a taper beginning on day 90 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up twice weekly for 100 days, twice monthly for 6 months, monthly until no evidence of GVHD, and then yearly for up to 2 years.
Interventions
DRUGMycophenolate Mofetil
Given IV or PO
PROCEDUREPeripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
Undergo PBSC HCT
OTHERQuality-of-Life Assessment
Ancillary studies
DRUGTacrolimus
Given IV
RADIATIONTotal-Body Irradiation
Undergo TBI
DRUGFludarabine Phosphate
Given IV
PROCEDUREHematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Undergo PBSC HCT
OTHERLaboratory Biomarker Analysis
Correlative studies
Given IV
DRUGBusulfan
Given IV
DRUGCyclophosphamide
Given IV
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
City of Hope Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
5 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients with acute leukemia or chronic myelogenous leukemia with no circulating blasts and with less than 10% blasts in the bone marrow * Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with intermediate-2 or high risk per International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) (or intermediate, high, very high risk by Revised International Prognostic Scoring System \[IPSS-R\]) or myeloproliferative neoplasm; primary or secondary if high-risk features or refractory disease * Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular, marginal zone, diffuse large B-cell, Hodgkin lymphoma, or mantle cell lymphoma with chemosensitive disease at time of transplantation; all types of lymphoma are eligible * High risk, or refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma * No available human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor * Available matched unrelated donor * Ejection fraction at rest \>= 50% * Karnofsky performance status (KPS) \>= 70 * Measured creatinine clearance more than 60 mL/min. The updated Schwartz formula should be used for pediatric patients (\>=5 to 12 years old) * Carbon monoxide diffusing capability test (DLCO) \>= 50% (adjusted for hemoglobin) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) \>= 50% * Total bilirubin \< 1.5 x the upper limit of normal; patients who have been diagnosed with Gilbert's disease are allowed to exceed the defined bilirubin value of 1.5 x the upper limit of normal * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \< 2.5 x the upper limit of normal * Alkaline phosphatase \< 2.5 x the upper limit of normal * Female subjects (unless postmenopausal for at least 1 year before the screening visit, or surgically sterilized), agree to practice two (2) effective methods of contraception at the same time, or agree to completely abstain from heterosexual intercourse, from the time of signing of the informed consent through 12 months post-transplant * Male subjects (even if surgically sterilized), of partners of women of childbearing potential must agree to one of the following: practice effective barrier contraception, or abstain from heterosexual intercourse from the time of signing the informed consent through 12 months post-transplant * All subjects must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document DONOR INCLUSION CRITERIA * 7 out of 8 at high resolution using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based typing with either antigen or allele mismatched HLA (-A, -B, -C, and -DR) or 8/8 HLA-mismatched with either double DQ mismatch (10/12) or combined DQ and DP mismatch * Donor must be willing to donate peripheral blood stem cells * Suitable donor * Medically cleared to donate per National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) * Absence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) to the mismatched HLA-locus * Donor choices per matched unrelated donor (MUD) committee according to center standard operating procedure (SOP)
Exclusion criteria
* Prior allogeneic transplant * Active central nervous system (CNS) involvement by malignant cells * Patients with uncontrolled bacterial, viral or fungal infections (currently taking medication and with progression or no clinical improvement) at time of enrollment * Patients with transformed lymphoma (e.g., Richter's transformation arising in follicular lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia) * Patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) * Patients with active hepatitis B or C determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) * Myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrollment or New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV heart failure, uncontrolled angina, severe uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias, or electrocardiographic evidence of acute ischemia or active conduction system abnormalities; prior to study entry, any electrocardiography (ECG) abnormality at screening must be documented by the investigator as not medically relevant * Female patients who are lactating or pregnant * Patients with a serious medical or psychiatric illness likely to interfere with participation in this clinical study * History of another primary malignancy that has not been in remission for at least 3 years (the following are exempt from the 3-year limit: non-melanoma skin cancer, fully excised melanoma in situ \[Stage 0\], curatively treated localized prostate cancer, and cervical or breast carcinoma in situ on biopsy or a squamous intraepithelial lesion on PAP smear) * Psychosocial issues: no appropriate caregivers identified, or non-compliant to medications * Subjects, who in the opinion of the investigator, may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Graft-Versus-Host Disease-Free, Relapse-Free Survival (GRFS) at 1 Year | From stem cell infusion to grade 3-4 acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), moderate-severe chronic GVHD, relapse, progression or death (from any cause), whichever occurs first, assessed for up to 1 year. | Estimates will be calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, Greenwood formula will be used to calculate standard error (SE), and log-log transformation method will be used to construct 95% confidence intervals. Graft versus host disease (GVHD, acute and chronic), disease status and vital status will be monitored per clinical standard operating procedure. For this endpoint failure is defined as the first occurrence of grade 3 or 4 acute GVHD, or moderate/severe chronic GVHD, or disease relapse (for patients in complete remission at the start of conditioning) or disease progression (for patients with active disease at the start of conditioning) or death (from any cause). Patients not experiencing any of these will be censored at his/her date of last contact. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (aGVHD) of Grades 2-4 According to the Consensus Grading | Up to 100 days post-stem cell infusion | Acute graft versus host disease is graded according to the 1994 Keystone Consensus Grading. aGVHD grade was evaluated from day 0 through 100 days post-transplant. The first day of acute GVHD onset at grades 2-4 was used to calculate the cumulative incidence. Relapse/death prior to onset was considered competing events. |
| Overall Survival (OS) at 1 Year | From start of transplant to death, or last follow up, whichever occurs first, assessed for up to 1 year. | Estimates was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, Greenwood formula was used to calculate SE, and log-log transformation method was used to construct 95% confidence intervals. Each patient's vital status was monitored per clinical standard operating procedure. For this endpoint failure is defined as death (from any cause). Patients not experiencing a death event was censored at his/her date of last contact. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Regimen A (Fludarabine, Melphalan, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 60 minutes on days -7 to -3 and melphalan hydrochloride IV over 20 minutes on day -2.
Patients undergo PBSC HCT on day 0.
Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 1-2 hours on days 3-4, mycophenolate mofetil IV or PO TID beginning on days 5 and stopping on day 35 if no severe GVHD is present-35, and tacrolimus IV continuously on days 5-180 with a taper beginning on day 90 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Cyclophosphamide: Given IV
Fludarabine Phosphate: Given IV
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Undergo PBSC HCT
Laboratory Biomarker Analysis: Correlative studies
Melphalan Hydrochloride: Given IV
Mycophenolate Mofetil: Given IV or PO
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Undergo PBSC HCT
Quality-of-Life Assessment: Ancillary studies
Tacrolimus: Given IV | 19 |
| Regimen B (Fludarabine, Busulfan, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 1-3 hours and busulfan IV over 3 hour on days -5 to -2.
Patients undergo PBSC HCT on day 0.
Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 1-2 hours on days 3-4, mycophenolate mofetil IV or PO TID beginning on days 5 and stopping on day 35 if no severe GVHD is present-35, and tacrolimus IV continuously on days 5-180 with a taper beginning on day 90 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Busulfan: Given IV
Cyclophosphamide: Given IV
Fludarabine Phosphate: Given IV
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Undergo PBSC HCT
Laboratory Biomarker Analysis: Correlative studies
Mycophenolate Mofetil: Given IV or PO
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Undergo PBSC HCT
Quality-of-Life Assessment: Ancillary studies
Tacrolimus: Given IV | 0 |
| Regimen C (Fludarabine, TBI, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 60 minutes on days -7 to -5 and TBI BID on days -4 to -1.
Patients undergo PBSC HCT on day 0.
Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 1-2 hours on days 3-4, mycophenolate mofetil IV or PO TID beginning on days 5 and stopping on day 35 if no severe GVHD is present-35, and tacrolimus IV continuously on days 5-180 with a taper beginning on day 90 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Cyclophosphamide: Given IV
Fludarabine Phosphate: Given IV
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Undergo PBSC HCT
Laboratory Biomarker Analysis: Correlative studies
Mycophenolate Mofetil: Given IV or PO
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Undergo PBSC HCT
Quality-of-Life Assessment: Ancillary studies
Tacrolimus: Given IV
Total-Body Irradiation: Undergo TBI | 19 |
| Total | 38 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Regimen A (Fludarabine, Melphalan, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) | Total | Regimen C (Fludarabine, TBI, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 63 years | 53 years | 44 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 3 Participants | 11 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 15 Participants | 26 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 4 Participants | 8 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants | 4 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 12 Participants | 24 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 19 participants | 38 participants | 19 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 8 Participants | 19 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 11 Participants | 19 Participants | 8 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 9 / 19 | 0 / 19 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 19 / 19 | 19 / 19 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 12 / 19 | 6 / 19 |
Outcome results
Primary
Graft-Versus-Host Disease-Free, Relapse-Free Survival (GRFS) at 1 Year
Estimates will be calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, Greenwood formula will be used to calculate standard error (SE), and log-log transformation method will be used to construct 95% confidence intervals. Graft versus host disease (GVHD, acute and chronic), disease status and vital status will be monitored per clinical standard operating procedure. For this endpoint failure is defined as the first occurrence of grade 3 or 4 acute GVHD, or moderate/severe chronic GVHD, or disease relapse (for patients in complete remission at the start of conditioning) or disease progression (for patients with active disease at the start of conditioning) or death (from any cause). Patients not experiencing any of these will be censored at his/her date of last contact.
Time frame: From stem cell infusion to grade 3-4 acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), moderate-severe chronic GVHD, relapse, progression or death (from any cause), whichever occurs first, assessed for up to 1 year.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Regimen A (Fludarabine, Melphalan, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) | Graft-Versus-Host Disease-Free, Relapse-Free Survival (GRFS) at 1 Year | 53 percentage of survival probability |
| Regimen C (Fludarabine, TBI, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) | Graft-Versus-Host Disease-Free, Relapse-Free Survival (GRFS) at 1 Year | 84 percentage of survival probability |
Secondary
Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (aGVHD) of Grades 2-4 According to the Consensus Grading
Acute graft versus host disease is graded according to the 1994 Keystone Consensus Grading. aGVHD grade was evaluated from day 0 through 100 days post-transplant. The first day of acute GVHD onset at grades 2-4 was used to calculate the cumulative incidence. Relapse/death prior to onset was considered competing events.
Time frame: Up to 100 days post-stem cell infusion
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Regimen A (Fludarabine, Melphalan, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) | Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (aGVHD) of Grades 2-4 According to the Consensus Grading | 47 percentage of probability |
| Regimen C (Fludarabine, TBI, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) | Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (aGVHD) of Grades 2-4 According to the Consensus Grading | 53 percentage of probability |
Secondary
Overall Survival (OS) at 1 Year
Estimates was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, Greenwood formula was used to calculate SE, and log-log transformation method was used to construct 95% confidence intervals. Each patient's vital status was monitored per clinical standard operating procedure. For this endpoint failure is defined as death (from any cause). Patients not experiencing a death event was censored at his/her date of last contact.
Time frame: From start of transplant to death, or last follow up, whichever occurs first, assessed for up to 1 year.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Regimen A (Fludarabine, Melphalan, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) | Overall Survival (OS) at 1 Year | 68 percentage of probability |
| Regimen C (Fludarabine, TBI, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis) | Overall Survival (OS) at 1 Year | 100 percentage of probability |