Hypertension
Conditions
Brief summary
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Lifestyle counseling is recommended as a first line therapy for reducing blood pressure (BP) and risk for cardiovascular events. Recent studies suggest that e-based lifestyle interventions are effective in evoking therapeutic change in BP1. However, BP response and adherence to exercise and diet behavior varies significantly after e-based interventions due to variations in treatment methodologies. Consensus is not yet established for a standardized e-counseling protocol for hypertension. As noted in our systematic review, the two dominant models of e-counseling procedures are expert-driven (protocol driven, prescriptive) and user-driven (self-guided, collaborative). Expert-driven programs prescribe specific changes for lifestyle behavior which are intended to facilitate compliance to behavioral change. In contrast, the user-driven method actively involves the subject in goal-setting and/or the selection of the intervention used to reach the behavioral goal. One conclusion from the systematic review is that these models are used indiscriminately in e-counseling programs. There is currently inadequate data to determine the efficacy of programs that are expert-driven vs. user-driven in reducing BP while modifying lifestyle behaviour. It is possible that a combination of expert-driven and user-driven features for lifestyle e-counseling is most effective. However, before these two approaches can be combined, it is essential to establish the strengths and limitations of each model.
Detailed description
This study will use a 3-parallel group, randomized controlled design: 3 (Groups: Control, expert-driven, and user-driven e-Counselling) by 2 (Assessments: baseline, 4-month). Controls will receive general e-information on BP management. The expert-driven e-Counselling group will provide a prescribed exercise and a diet plan. The user-driven e-Counselling group will a program that enables the patient to choose areas of focus. All subjects will be sent 16 e-messages on a weekly schedule.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALControl Group
Received general information about blood pressure control. All subjects will be sent 16 e-messages on a weekly schedule.
BEHAVIORALExpert-Driven Group
The user-driven e-Counselling group will receive a lifestyle program where the user are able to choose areas of focus. All subjects will be sent 16 e-messages on a weekly schedule.
BEHAVIORALUser-driven group
The user-driven e-Counselling group will receive a lifestyle program where the user are able to choose areas of focus. All subjects will be sent 16 e-messages on a weekly schedule.
Sponsors
University of Toronto
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
35 Years to 74 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Unchanged prescription for anti-hypertensive medication at least 2 months before enrollment. * Participants prescribed antihypertensive medication were also required to have SBP ≥130 mmHg and/or DBP ≥85 mmHg, in order to prevent floor effects.
Exclusion criteria
included: * Diagnosis of kidney disease, major psychiatric illness (e.g. psychosis), alcohol or drug dependence in the previous year, pregnancy and sleep apnea. There was no racial or gender bias in the selection of participants.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Change from Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure at 4 months |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Change from Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure at 4 months | — |
| Blood Lipids (HDL, LDL, Cholesterol) | Change from Baseline Blood Lipids (HDL, LDL, Cholesterol) at 4 months | — |
| Fruit and Vegetables | Change from Baseline Daily servings of Fruit and Vegetables at 4 months | Diet History Questionaire |
| Daily Steps | Change from Baseline Daily Steps at 4 months | Pedometer |
Outcome results
None listed