Intimate Partner Violence
Conditions
Keywords
Dating violence prevention, Adolescent boys, Middle school, Web-based prevention
Brief summary
This study will develop and test a web-based intervention to enhance emotion regulation skills and parent-son relationship communication to decrease adolescent boys' risk for dating violence involvement as well as attitudes supporting relationship aggression.
Detailed description
Over the past ten years dating violence (DV) has been recognized as a significant public health problem affecting adolescents. Emerging data suggest that boys and girls have different developmental trajectories toward violence and therefore prevention programs that target their unique pathways to DV are needed. Despite this need, there is a relative dearth of such gender-informed programs for early adolescent boys. This research project aims to prevent the emergence of DV perpetration/ victimization among boys by developing a web-based intervention that is informed by research on gender-specific pathways to violence and harnesses the influence of parents during the early adolescent years. Among boys, the perpetration of delinquency-related violence and attitudes supporting violence has been found to predict later perpetration of DV. Thus, gender-informed interventions designed to prevent DV in boys need to target skills that underlie violent behavior and attitudes. The goal of this study is to develop and test a web-based intervention to enhance emotion regulation skills and parent-son relationship communication to prevent DV. Development and testing will occur in three phases. In the Development Phase, the intervention modules will be developed and iteratively reviewed by both a panel of experts familiar with the research in the field as well as an advisory group of parents and teens from the target population. In the Acceptability Testing Phase, testing will be conducted to assess acceptability and feasibility, and this will be followed by revisions to the intervention program based on feedback and observations. During the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Phase, 120 families will complete the intervention program in an observed setting, to ensure fidelity to intervention dosing. Parents and adolescents will complete the program together and then complete assessments of aggressive and risk behaviors, parent-child communication, and emotion regulation at baseline, 3-,and 9-month follow-ups.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALProject STRONG
The web-based program consists of a number of games, activities, and didactic information that teens move through with their parent. Didactic information introduces teens and parents to specific emotion management, communication, and problem solving strategies as well as sexual health and healthy relationship information. Games and activities allow parents and teens to practice and apply strategies to developmentally appropriate situations.
Sponsors
Rhode Island Hospital
Northeastern University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
12 Years to 14 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 1\) adolescent enrolled in the 7th or 8th grade, * 2\) parent/legal guardian and teen are English speaking, * 3\) parent/legal guardian is willing to provide consent for the adolescent to participate in the study, * 4\) adolescent is willing to provide assent for their own participation.
Exclusion criteria
* 1\) observable cognitive or developmental delays that would preclude participation, * 2\) residing with participating parent/guardian less than half time
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline, 3 months, and 9 months | The Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI) is a behavioral measure of abuse perpetration and victimization. It was completed by teens in reference to conflict or disagreement with a current or recent dating partner. Each question is asked twice, first regarding perpetration and, again in relation to victimization producing a perpetration and a victimization sub scale. Percentages include teens endorsing any perpetration or victimization. |
| Change in General Aggressive Behavior From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline, 3 months, 9 months | The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) is a 34-item questionnaire that rates five types of aggression (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, hostility, and indirect aggression). Item responses ranged from 1-5, with 1=Not at all like me, 2=A little like me, 3=Somewhat like me, 4=Very much like me, 5=Completely like me. Higher scores indicate more aggression. |
| Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline, 3 months, and 9 months | Adolescent Relationship Violence Questionnaire (ARVQ) is a 22-item questionnaire is a composite measure developed to assess changes in knowledge, attitudes, and methods of dealing with relationship violence. Item responses ranged from 1-4 with 1=strongly agree, 2=agree, 3=disagree 4=strongly disagree. Higher scores indicate more favorable attitudes. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline, 3 months, and 9 months | The Adolescent Self-Regulatory Inventory (ASRI) is a 33 item survey that measures adolescents' use of both functional and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies. It produces two sub scales measuring short-term and long-term self-regulation. Item responses range from 1-5 with 1= Not at all true for me, 2= Rarely true for me, 3= True some of the time, 4= True most of the time, 5= Really true for me. Items were reverse coded so that higher scores indicate more use of emotion regulation behaviors. |
| Change in Distress Tolerance From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline, 3 months, 9 months | The Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress (BIRD) is a 5-minute computerized distress tolerance task for adolescents. This measure generates a score of total time that adolescents persist on a frustrating task, which has been linked to distress tolerance. Scores are recorded in milliseconds (ms) with a maximum time participants can persist is 300 seconds (0-300 is the range). Higher score indicate longer persistence during the frustrating task. |
| Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline, 3 months, and 9 months | Parent Adolescent Communication Survey (PACS) is 20 item survey measuring quality of communication between adolescents and their parents. Adolescents will complete the measure in reference to the parent participating in the intervention with them. This is completed by parents and youth. This scale also produces two sub scales: The Open Family Communication Scale (OFCS) and The Problems in Family Communication Scale (PFCS). Item responses range from 1-5 with 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Moderately disagree, 3=Neither agree neither disagree, 4=Moderately agree, 5=Strongly agree. On the OFCS subscale, higher scores indicate more open communication. One the PFCS subscale, higher scores indicate fewer problems in family communication, thus higher scores on both subscales are favorable. |
| Change in Emotion Regulation Skills Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline, 3 months, 9 months | The Emotion Regulation Behavioral Skills (ERBS) scale is comprised of 8 items rated on a scale of 1 all the time to 5 never and was specifically created for to detect the use of the specific affect management strategies taught in the Project STRONG intervention. Sample items include How often did you…get away from whatever was causing your feeling? …talk to someone about whatever was causing your feeling? Higher scores indicate greater use of emotion regulation skills. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Families were individually randomized at the level of the dyad, thus our study randomized 119 dyads. Parents and teens were not randomized separately. There were only two study arms, CONTROL families and STRONG families.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Waitlist Control Parents and teens enrolled in the study and randomized to the control condition wait until they complete their 3-month and 9-month follow-up surveys before completing the web-based program. | 60 |
| Project STRONG The web-based program consists of a number of games, activities, and didactic information that teens move through with their parent. Didactic information introduces teens and parents to specific emotion management, communication, and problem solving strategies as well as sexual health and healthy relationship information. Games and activities allow parents and teens to practice and apply strategies to developmentally appropriate situations.
Project STRONG: The web-based program consists of a number of games, activities, and didactic information that teens move through with their parent. Didactic information introduces teens and parents to specific emotion management, communication, and problem solving strategies as well as sexual health and healthy relationship information. Games and activities allow parents and teens to practice and apply strategies to developmentally appropriate situations. | 54 |
| Total | 114 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 6 | 6 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | Project STRONG | Waitlist Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 42.53 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.75 | 13.04 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 | 42.52 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.18 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 27 Participants | 15 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 87 Participants | 39 Participants | 48 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Non-white | 32 Participants | 15 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Unknown/Not-reported | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 81 Participants | 38 Participants | 43 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 114 participants | 54 participants | 60 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 102 Participants | 0 Participants | 54 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 12 Participants | 54 Participants | 60 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 60 | 0 / 59 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 60 | 0 / 59 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 60 | 0 / 59 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months
Adolescent Relationship Violence Questionnaire (ARVQ) is a 22-item questionnaire is a composite measure developed to assess changes in knowledge, attitudes, and methods of dealing with relationship violence. Item responses ranged from 1-4 with 1=strongly agree, 2=agree, 3=disagree 4=strongly disagree. Higher scores indicate more favorable attitudes.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 9 months
Population: COMPLETER ANALYSIS
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitlist Control | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent Baseline ARVQ | 3.01 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 3-month ARVQ | 3.03 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 9-months ARVQ | 3.10 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent Baseline ARVQ | 3.43 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 3-month ARVQ | 3.45 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.31 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 9-month ARVQ | 3.44 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.32 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 3-month ARVQ | 3.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.3 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent Baseline ARVQ | 2.98 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.3 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent Baseline ARVQ | 3.47 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.29 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 3-month ARVQ | 3.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 9-month ARVQ | 3.51 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.31 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Attitudes About Relationship Violence From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 9-months ARVQ | 3.02 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
Primary
Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months
The Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI) is a behavioral measure of abuse perpetration and victimization. It was completed by teens in reference to conflict or disagreement with a current or recent dating partner. Each question is asked twice, first regarding perpetration and, again in relation to victimization producing a perpetration and a victimization sub scale. Percentages include teens endorsing any perpetration or victimization.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 9 months
Population: COMPLETER ANALYSIS
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month DV Victimization | DV Absent | 50 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline DV Victimization | DV Present | 14 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month DV Victimization | DV Present | 10 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month DV Perpetration | DV Absent | 49 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline DV Perpetration | DV Absent | 46 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month DV Victimization | DV Absent | 50 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline DV Perpetration | DV Present | 14 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline DV Victimization | DV Absent | 46 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month DV Perpetration | DV Absent | 50 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month DV Victimization | DV Present | 10 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month DV Perpetration | DV Present | 10 Participants |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month DV Perpetration | DV Present | 11 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month DV Perpetration | DV Present | 11 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month DV Perpetration | DV Present | 9 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline DV Victimization | DV Absent | 41 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline DV Victimization | DV Present | 13 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month DV Victimization | DV Absent | 40 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month DV Victimization | DV Present | 14 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month DV Victimization | DV Absent | 43 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month DV Victimization | DV Present | 11 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline DV Perpetration | DV Absent | 40 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline DV Perpetration | DV Present | 14 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month DV Perpetration | DV Absent | 43 Participants |
| Project STRONG | Change in Dating Violence (DV) Perpetration From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month DV Perpetration | DV Absent | 45 Participants |
Primary
Change in General Aggressive Behavior From Baseline to 9 Months
The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) is a 34-item questionnaire that rates five types of aggression (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, hostility, and indirect aggression). Item responses ranged from 1-5, with 1=Not at all like me, 2=A little like me, 3=Somewhat like me, 4=Very much like me, 5=Completely like me. Higher scores indicate more aggression.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 9 months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitlist Control | Change in General Aggressive Behavior From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline AQ Total | 2.02 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.52 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in General Aggressive Behavior From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month AQ Total | 2.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in General Aggressive Behavior From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month AQ Total | 2.03 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.55 |
| Project STRONG | Change in General Aggressive Behavior From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline AQ Total | 2.01 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.52 |
| Project STRONG | Change in General Aggressive Behavior From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month AQ Total | 2.02 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
| Project STRONG | Change in General Aggressive Behavior From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month AQ Total | 1.99 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.6 |
Secondary
Change in Distress Tolerance From Baseline to 9 Months
The Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress (BIRD) is a 5-minute computerized distress tolerance task for adolescents. This measure generates a score of total time that adolescents persist on a frustrating task, which has been linked to distress tolerance. Scores are recorded in milliseconds (ms) with a maximum time participants can persist is 300 seconds (0-300 is the range). Higher score indicate longer persistence during the frustrating task.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 9 months
Population: COMPLETER ANALYSIS
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitlist Control | Change in Distress Tolerance From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline BIRD | 256.68 seconds | Standard Deviation 78.7 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Distress Tolerance From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month BIRD | 240.98 seconds | Standard Deviation 80.06 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Distress Tolerance From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month BIRD | 227.17 seconds | Standard Deviation 84.39 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Distress Tolerance From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline BIRD | 251.19 seconds | Standard Deviation 78.05 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Distress Tolerance From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month BIRD | 230.66 seconds | Standard Deviation 84.04 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Distress Tolerance From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month BIRD | 243.14 seconds | Standard Deviation 78.35 |
Secondary
Change in Emotion Regulation Skills Baseline to 9 Months
The Emotion Regulation Behavioral Skills (ERBS) scale is comprised of 8 items rated on a scale of 1 all the time to 5 never and was specifically created for to detect the use of the specific affect management strategies taught in the Project STRONG intervention. Sample items include How often did you…get away from whatever was causing your feeling? …talk to someone about whatever was causing your feeling? Higher scores indicate greater use of emotion regulation skills.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 9 months
Population: COMPLETER ANALYSIS
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitlist Control | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline ERBS | 2.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month ERBS | 2.01 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month ERBS | 1.86 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline ERBS | 2.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month ERBS | 2.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.92 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month ERBS | 2.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.91 |
Secondary
Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months
The Adolescent Self-Regulatory Inventory (ASRI) is a 33 item survey that measures adolescents' use of both functional and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies. It produces two sub scales measuring short-term and long-term self-regulation. Item responses range from 1-5 with 1= Not at all true for me, 2= Rarely true for me, 3= True some of the time, 4= True most of the time, 5= Really true for me. Items were reverse coded so that higher scores indicate more use of emotion regulation behaviors.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 9 months
Population: COMPLETER ANALYSIS
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitlist Control | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline Short-Term Self-Regulation | 3.60 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.65 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month Short-Term Self-Regulation | 3.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month Short-Term Self-Regulation | 3.44 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline Long-Term Self-Regulation | 3.22 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.57 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month Long-Term Self-Regulation | 3.24 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.55 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month Long-Term Self-Regulation | 3.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.51 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month Long-Term Self-Regulation | 3.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.52 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline Short-Term Self-Regulation | 3.63 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.67 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | Baseline Long-Term Self-Regulation | 3.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | 3-month Short-Term Self-Regulation | 3.63 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.71 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month Long-Term Self-Regulation | 3.33 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Emotion Regulation Skills From Baseline to 9 Months | 9-month Short-Term Self-Regulation | 3.71 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
Secondary
Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months
Parent Adolescent Communication Survey (PACS) is 20 item survey measuring quality of communication between adolescents and their parents. Adolescents will complete the measure in reference to the parent participating in the intervention with them. This is completed by parents and youth. This scale also produces two sub scales: The Open Family Communication Scale (OFCS) and The Problems in Family Communication Scale (PFCS). Item responses range from 1-5 with 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Moderately disagree, 3=Neither agree neither disagree, 4=Moderately agree, 5=Strongly agree. On the OFCS subscale, higher scores indicate more open communication. One the PFCS subscale, higher scores indicate fewer problems in family communication, thus higher scores on both subscales are favorable.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 9 months
Population: COMPLETER ANALYSIS
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 3-month # of Relationship Topics | 1.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.18 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 3-month PFCS | 37.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.58 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 3-months OFCS | 36.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.82 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 9-month PFCS | 38.06 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.13 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent Baseline PFCS | 34.39 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.52 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 9-month # of Relationship Topics | 1.80 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent Baseline OFCS | 38.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.08 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent Baseline OFCS | 40.17 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.98 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 3-month PFCS | 34.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.4 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 3-month OFCS | 40.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.41 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 9-month OFCS | 35.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.96 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 9-month PFCS | 33.60 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.03 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent Baseline # of Relationship Topics | 4.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.83 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 9-month OFCS | 40.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.71 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 3-month # of Relationship Topics | 3.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.05 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent Baseline # of Relationship Topics | 3.24 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.79 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 9-month # of Relationship Topics | 3.70 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.06 |
| Waitlist Control | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent Baseline PFCS | 37.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.63 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 9-month # of Relationship Topics | 3.57 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.89 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent Baseline OFCS | 37.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.05 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 3-months OFCS | 36.87 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.18 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent Baseline # of Relationship Topics | 3.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.14 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 9-month OFCS | 35.16 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.23 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent Baseline PFCS | 32.46 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.23 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 3-month PFCS | 31.98 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.98 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 9-month OFCS | 40.16 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.8 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent Baseline PFCS | 38.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.68 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 3-month PFCS | 39.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.29 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 3-month # of Relationship Topics | 2.96 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.43 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 9-month # of Relationship Topics | 1.96 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.05 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent Baseline OFCS | 39.33 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.89 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 3-month OFCS | 40.73 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.06 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 9-month PFCS | 40.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.05 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent Baseline # of Relationship Topics | 4.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.79 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Parent 3-month # of Relationship Topics | 4.56 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.65 |
| Project STRONG | Change in Parent-Adolescent Communication From Baseline to 9 Months | Adolescent 9-month PFCS | 33.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.69 |