Proadrenomedullin and Copeptin in Patients With Septic Shock

Septic Shock

Proadrenomedullin, Copeptin, Vasopressors, Septic Shock

This study evaluates the usefulness of pro-adrenomedullin (precursor of a vasodilatory peptide involved in septic shock pathogenesis) and copeptin (a stable peptide of the arginine vasopressin precursor) to predict, at the moment of septic shock diagnosis or their changes at 6 hours, the vasopressor requirements (measured by inotropic index and vasopressor dependency ratio) and volume requirement for resuscitation.

Physiologically, adrenomedullin has a potent and prolonged vasodilatory effect. In both experimental animals and humans, the intravenous administration of ADM induces a marked and prolonged hypotension. Serum ADM levels are elevated in patients with septic shock. In fact, ADM seems to be one of the main mediators involved in hypotension that these patients present. ADM is not stable in plasma due to its short half-life and rapid binding to receptors. ADM levels can be measured indirectly by determining proadrenomedullin (proADM) which is a more stable molecule and whose levels are reflected in the plasma of ADM. Copeptin is released primarily in response to changes in serum osmolarity or blood volume by increasing peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. Copeptin is elevated in patients with shock of different etiologies such as hemorrhagic shock or septic shock. It is not defined in what situations and at what moment an invasive monitoring of the cardiac output and the different hemodynamic variables that reflect the preload and afterload in patients with septic shock should be performed. In fact, there is great variability in the management and treatment of patients with sepsis and septic shock, which includes the selection of patients who require invasive monitoring and the time of onset. Having a biomarker or the combination of biomarkers that allow early determination of which patients will evolve poorly with the development of a shock that requires volume in large quantities and high doses of vasopressors will allow identifying a subgroup of patients that should be performed early hemodynamic monitoring and intensify medical treatment to try to reverse these severe hemodynamic changes.

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