Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effect of investigational drug nivolumab in combination with either gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy, or in combination with another investigational agent ipilimumab in patients with advanced unresectable biliary tract cancer. Gemcitabine/cisplatin is the standard of care treatment for biliary tract cancer. Nivolumab and ipilimumab are types of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy works by encouraging the body's own immune system to attack the cancer cells. Nivolumab (Opdivo) is FDA approved for the treatment of several cancers including metastatic melanoma, advanced lung, kidney, head & neck and bladder cancer. The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab (Yervoy) is FDA approved for metastatic melanoma.
Interventions
DRUGGemcitabine
Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV
DRUGCisplatin
Cisplatin 25 mg/m2 IV
DRUGIpilimumab
Ipilimumab 1 mg/kg IV
DRUGNivolumab
Nivolumab 360 mg or 240 mg IV
Sponsors
University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients must have a pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the biliary tract (intra-hepatic, extra-hepatic (hilar, distal) or gall bladder) that is not eligible for curative resection, transplantation, or ablative therapies. Tumors of mixed histology are excluded. * Patients may have received prior radiation, chemoembolization, radioembolization or other local ablative therapies or hepatic resection if completed ≥ 4 weeks prior to registration AND if patient has recovered to \<= grade 1 toxicity. Extrahepatic palliative radiation is permitted if completed ≥ 2 weeks prior to enrollment AND if patient has recovered to ≤ grade 1 toxicity. * Patients must have radiographically measurable disease in at least one site not previously treated with radiation or liver directed therapy (including bland, chemo- or radio-embolization, or ablation) either within the liver or in a metastatic site. * Must be ≥18 years of age * Must have a Child-Pugh score of A (prognosis in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis) * Must have an ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status of 0-1 * Ability to understand and willingness to sign IRB-approved informed consent * Willing to provide archived tissue, if available, from a previous diagnostic biopsy * Must be able to tolerate CT (computerized tomography) and/or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) with contrast * Must have adequate organ function obtained ≤ 2 weeks prior to registration
Exclusion criteria
* Patients may not have received prior systemic treatment (chemotherapy or targeted therapy) for advanced BTC (biliary tract cancer). Prior adjuvant chemotherapy is permitted provided it was completed \> 6 months from registration. * Must not have a diagnosis of immunodeficiency, or have received systemic steroid therapy, or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to trial treatment. * Must not have known Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, or HIV seropositivity. Testing is not required in absence of clinical suspicion. * Must not have prior history of organ transplantation or brain metastasis. * Must not have undergone a major surgical procedure \< 4 weeks prior to registration. * Must not have an active second malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancer or cervical carcinoma in situ. Patients with history of malignancy are eligible provided primary treatment of that cancer was completed \> 1 year prior to registration and the patient is free of clinical or radiologic evidence of recurrent or progressive malignancy. * Must have no ongoing active, uncontrolled infections * Must not have received a live vaccine within 30 days of planned start of the study therapy. * Must not have a psychiatric illness, other significant medical illness, or social situation which, in the investigator's opinion, would limit compliance or ability to comply with study requirements. * Women must not be pregnant or breastfeeding since study drugs may harm the fetus or child. * Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use 2 methods of adequate contraception (hormonal plus barrier or 2 barrier forms) OR abstinence prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation and for 5 months (for women) and 7 months (for men) following completion of study therapy. * Participants with an active, known or suspected autoimmune disease which may affect vital organ function, or has/may require systemic immunosuppressive therapy for management are excluded. Participants with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll. * Participants with a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (\>10 mg daily prednisone equivalent) or other immunosuppressive medications within 7 days of start of study treatment. Inhaled or topical steroids, and adrenal replacement steroid doses \> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalent, are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Percentage of Patients Alive and Without Progression at 6 Months Following the Initiation of Treatment | 6 Months | The primary endpoint is PFS (Progression Free Survival) at 6 months following the initiation of treatment. Progression will be defined clinically or on imaging as per immune related response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (irRECIST) definition. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Median Progression Free Survival Time | Patients will be followed until death, withdrawal from study, or until 2 years, whichever is earliest | The median time patients are alive without progression following the initiation of treatment wherein progression will be defined clinically or on imaging as per irRECIST criteria. |
| Median Overall Survival Time | Patients will be followed until death, withdrawal from study, or until 2 years, whichever is earliest | The median overall survival time following the initiation of treatment. |
| Overall Response Rate (ORR) | Up to two years | Overall Response Rate will be determined as per the combined RECIST v1.1 and irRECIST criteria |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Gemcitabine + Cisplatin + Nivolumab Gemcitabine1000 mg/m2 IV and Cisplatin 25 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks + Nivolumab 360 mg IV on day 1 every 3 weeks for up to 8, 3-week cycles. Followed by Nivolumab alone at 240 mg IV every 2 weeks. Total duration no longer than 2 years of study treatment. | 37 |
| Nivolumab + Ipilimumab Nivolumab 240 mg IV on day 1 every 2 weeks + Ipilimumab 1 mg/kg IV on day 1 every 6 weeks; for up to 2 years in absence of disease progression. | 38 |
| Total | 75 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Nivolumab + Ipilimumab | Gemcitabine + Cisplatin + Nivolumab | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 61 years | 59 years | 60 years |
| Disease status at enrollment locally advanced | 4 Participants | 4 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Disease status at enrollment metastatic | 34 Participants | 33 Participants | 67 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 6 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 36 Participants | 31 Participants | 67 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 4 Participants | 0 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 4 Participants | 4 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 28 Participants | 32 Participants | 60 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 20 Participants | 17 Participants | 37 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 18 Participants | 20 Participants | 38 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 22 / 35 | 23 / 33 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 34 / 35 | 28 / 33 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 25 / 35 | 23 / 33 |
Outcome results
Primary
The Percentage of Patients Alive and Without Progression at 6 Months Following the Initiation of Treatment
The primary endpoint is PFS (Progression Free Survival) at 6 months following the initiation of treatment. Progression will be defined clinically or on imaging as per immune related response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (irRECIST) definition.
Time frame: 6 Months
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine + Cisplatin + Nivolumab | The Percentage of Patients Alive and Without Progression at 6 Months Following the Initiation of Treatment | 59.4 percentage of participants |
| Nivolumab + Ipilimumab | The Percentage of Patients Alive and Without Progression at 6 Months Following the Initiation of Treatment | 21.2 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Median Overall Survival Time
The median overall survival time following the initiation of treatment.
Time frame: Patients will be followed until death, withdrawal from study, or until 2 years, whichever is earliest
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine + Cisplatin + Nivolumab | Median Overall Survival Time | 10.6 months |
| Nivolumab + Ipilimumab | Median Overall Survival Time | 8.2 months |
Secondary
Median Progression Free Survival Time
The median time patients are alive without progression following the initiation of treatment wherein progression will be defined clinically or on imaging as per irRECIST criteria.
Time frame: Patients will be followed until death, withdrawal from study, or until 2 years, whichever is earliest
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine + Cisplatin + Nivolumab | Median Progression Free Survival Time | 6.6 months |
| Nivolumab + Ipilimumab | Median Progression Free Survival Time | 3.9 months |
Secondary
Overall Response Rate (ORR)
Overall Response Rate will be determined as per the combined RECIST v1.1 and irRECIST criteria
Time frame: Up to two years
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine + Cisplatin + Nivolumab | Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 22.9 percentage of patients |
| Nivolumab + Ipilimumab | Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 3.0 percentage of patients |