Chronic Disease, Diet Modification, Health Behavior, Lifestyle, Sedentary, Physical Activity, Weight Gain
Conditions
Keywords
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, Community Garden, Health Behavior Change, Physical Activity, Diet, Obesity, Neighborhood, Microbiome, Inflammatory biomarkers
Brief summary
An interdisciplinary team with extensive garden study experience conducted a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial to see whether gardening reduced risk factors for diseases like cancer and heart disease. The pilot trial will provide preliminary data on associations between human microbiome, diet, physical activity, and social interactions and the outcomes of weight status and key inflammatory biomarkers.
Detailed description
The pilot study will lead to development of a future, large randomized controlled clinical trial, by fulfilling the following aims: Pilot Aim 1: Demonstrate feasibility of recruitment and ability to perform study procedures. Pilot Aim 2: Demonstrate the ability to measure accurately chronic disease risk factors such as diet, physical activity, weight gain, microbiome characteristics and inflammatory biomarkers. Pilot Aim 3: Provide preliminary results on the efficacy of gardens as a preventive intervention, and estimates for a detailed power analysis for the proposed subsequent larger trial. Aim 3a: Demonstrate that compared to non-gardeners, gardeners have 1) greater intake of fruits and vegetables; 2) better Healthy Eating Index (HEI); 3) lower Diet Inflammatory Index (DII); 4) reduced sedentary time and increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); and reduced age-associated weight gain. Aim 3b: For gardeners and non-gardeners, sample garden soil, gut, skin, and oral microbiome at six time points from April through September to characterize and compare bacterial load, pathogenic taxa, taxonomic diversity, relative dominance, indicator taxa, and metabolomic results. Aim 3c: Demonstrate that gardening reduces inflammatory biomarkers linked to heart disease and cancer, including CRP, IL1b, IL4, IL6, IL10, and TNFa, and that the effect of gardening is mediated by diet, weight gain, physical activity and characteristics of the microbiome.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCommunity Garden Intervention
The investigators will recruit 30 prospective gardeners who have not been gardening for the past two years and who are listed on Denver Urban Gardens (DUG) wait lists. DUG randomly assigns people on each garden wait list to available plots, using a lottery. This creates a natural randomized experiment. Participants randomized to the garden intervention will receive a standardized garden resource package, which includes the following: 1. A garden plot in a Denver Urban Garden 2. Seeds and plant starts 3. Introductory gardening workshop 4. Social events including garden-specific events and garden mentoring. The non-gardening group will remain on the DUG wait lists and will not receive these resources. Duration of the intervention is 1 year.
Sponsors
University of Colorado, Boulder
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Able to give informed consent in English or Spanish * Aged 18 or over * Currently on the wait list for a new garden * Not have gardened in the past 2 gardening seasons
Exclusion criteria
* Is not able to complete the study requirements in Spanish or English * Aged 17 or younger * Has gardened in the past 2 gardening seasons
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Inflammatory biomarkers from baseline at 20 weeks | 20 weeks | Samples include hs-CRP, TNF-alpha, IL1b, IL4, IL6, IL10 |
| Change in taxonomic diversity from baseline at 20 weeks | Every 3-4 weeks up to 20 weeks (Week 1, Week 4, Week 7, Week 10, Week 14, Week 18) | Microbiome data will be derived from 1 gut, 2 skin, and 1 oral samples |
| Change in relative dominance from baseline at 20 weeks | Every 3-4 weeks up to 20 weeks (Week 1, Week 4, Week 7, Week 10, Week 14, Week 18) | Microbiome data will be derived from 1 gut, 2 skin, and 1 oral samples |
| Change in indicator taxa from baseline at 20 weeks | Every 3-4 weeks up to 20 weeks (Week 1, Week 4, Week 7, Week 10, Week 14, Week 18) | Microbiome data will be derived from 1 gut, 2 skin, and 1 oral samples |
| Change in fruit and vegetable intake from baseline at 20 weeks | Measurements will occur during weeks 1-2 (3 random recalls) and weeks 18-20 (3 random recalls) | 6 24-hour diet recalls will be collected at random |
| Change in sedentary time behavior from baseline at 20 weeks | 2 measurements over 6 months, T1 (Week 1) and T6 (Week 20) | Accelerometers will be adhered to thigh and collect data for 7 days |
| Change in bacterial load from baseline at 20 weeks | Every 3-4 weeks up to 20 weeks (Week 1, Week 4, Week 7, Week 10, Week 14, Week 18) | Microbiome data will be collected six time points using 1 gut, 2 skin, and 1 oral samples |
| Change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from baseline at 20 weeks | 2 measurements over 6 months, T1 (Week 1) and T6 (Week 20) | Accelerometers will be adhered to thigh and collect data for 7 days |
| Change in weight (kg) from baseline at 20 weeks | 2 measurements over 6 months, T1 (Week 1) and T6 (Week 20) | Objective measurements of weight will be collected |
| Change in waist circumference from baseline at 20 weeks | 2 measurements over 6 months, T1 (Week 1) and T6 (Week 20) | Objective measurement of waist circumference |
| Change in pathogenic taxa from baseline at 20 weeks | Every 3-4 weeks up to 20 weeks (Week 1, Week 4, Week 7, Week 10, Week 14, Week 18) | Microbiome data will be derived from 1 gut, 2 skin, and 1 oral samples |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in blood pressure from baseline at 20 weeks | 20 weeks | — |
| Change in lipid profile from baseline at 20 weeks | 20 weeks | Including LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides |
| Change in HbA1C from baseline at 20 weeks | 20 weeks | — |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed