Rheumatoid Arthritis
Conditions
Brief summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increase cardiovascular risk and endothelial dysfunction. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is expected to improve endothelial dysfunction through some metabolic effects. The investigators intend to find the role of HCQ to improve endothelial dysfunction in RA patients. This study will also evaluate correlation HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance), FFA (free fatty acid) and ox-LDL (oxidized-LDL) level change, with endothelial dysfunction improvement.
Interventions
DRUGHydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine 400mg once daily initially
DRUGPlacebo
Placebo
Sponsors
Indonesia University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Rheumatoid Arthritis patients (2010 ACR/EULAR criteria) * Being or will be treated with methotrexate (monotherapy) * Agree to join the study
Exclusion criteria
* Autoimmune diseases other than RA * Acute severe infection, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, stroke * Malignancy or chronic inflammatory diseases * Eye disease involving the retina and visual field defects * G6PD (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) deficiency * History of smoking within last 5 years * Lipid lowering, insulin resistance lowering, antidiabetic, insulin, ACE(angiotensin converting enzyme)-inhibitor or ARB(angiotensin receptor blocker) drugs
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Endothelial dysfunction marker | 3 months | VCAM |
Countries
Indonesia
Outcome results
None listed