Periodontitis
Conditions
Brief summary
The importance of micronutrients has been extensively reviewed and it was concluded that for prevention and treatment of periodontitis daily nutrition should include sufficient antioxidants, vitamin D and calcium. Up to now there is limited research available investigating the effect of vitamin C supplementation on the periodontal condition. Supplementation of vitamins and micronutrients has however raised numerous questions on clinical efficacy. Recently, a significant increase of medical literature on the effect of nutraceutical dietary aliments on general health has been noted. the aim of the present study is twofold. The first objective is to investigate the effect of twice-daily kiwifruit consumption as sole treatment modality in untreated periodontitis, followed after two months by initial periodontal therapy supported by continued kiwifruit consumption. The second objective is to investigate the effect of twice daily kiwifruit consumption on periodontal and systemic parameters of these periodontitis patients 3 months after treatment.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTKiwifruit addition to the diet
Subjects were instructed to eat two kiwifruit per day during the whole study period. No recommendation on the type of kiwifruit, brand or origin was delivered. Kiwifruit was suggested to be taken as a whole and not mixed with sugar or other ingredients. No changes to their routinely dietary habits were suggested.
PROCEDURENon Surgical periodontal treatment
Non-surgical treatment of periodontal pockets with hand and ultrasonic instrumentation
Sponsors
University of Pisa
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE (Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
Single-centre randomized, parallel design, clinical trial with a 5-month follow
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* proximal attachment loss of ≥3 mm in ≥2 non-adjacent teeth, * PPD≥4 mm and bleeding on probing on at least 25 % of their total sites * documented radiographic bone loss
Exclusion criteria
* younger than 18 years or older than 70 years, * pregnant or lactating females, * females using contraceptive pharmacological medications, * reported diagnosis of any systemic illnesses including cardiovascular, renal, and liver diseases, * in need of antibiotic treatment during initial periodontal treatment (IPT), * IPT in the previous 6 months, * allergic to latex, kiwifruit and fruits in general, * suffering of eating or digestive disease or food intolerances, * smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes of FMBS. Unit of measure % |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in FMPS. Unit of measure % |
| Pocket probing depth (PPD) | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in PPD. Unit of measure: mm |
| Clinical attachment level (CAL) | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in CAL. Unit of measure: mm |
| Recession of the gingival margin (REC) | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in REC. Unit of measure: mm |
| Triglycerides | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in triglycerides. Unit of measure: mmol/L |
| Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in LDL. Unit of measure: mmol/L |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in DBP. Unit of measure: mmHg |
| Cholesterol | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in total cholesterol, Unit of measure: mmol/L |
| Glycated Haemoglobin | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in Glycated haemoglobin. Unit of measure: mmol/mol |
| Vitamin C | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in Vitamin C. Unit of measure: µg/L |
| Systemic inflammation | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in C reactive protein (CRP). Unit of measure: mg/L |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in SBP Unit of measure: mmHg |
| High-density lipoprotein (HDL) | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment | Changes in HDL. Unit of measure: mmol/L |
Outcome results
None listed