Obesity, Weight Loss
Conditions
Brief summary
This weight loss study will investigate the impact of diet composition and meal size (large breakfast meals and smaller evening meals) on body weight, energy balance and eating behaviour, by altering calorie (meal) distribution.
Detailed description
The aim of this study is to further strengthen our understanding of the role of dietary components (in particular fibre and protein) in a healthy diet. The information gained from this research will lead to better policy advice, particularly in relation to healthy weight management, metabolic control, mental health and intestinal health. It will also lay the foundations to produce healthier primary products and aid the food industry in developing new and healthier products (e.g. products that aid hunger control and satiety). This will be addressed through four interlinked objectives: O1: Healthy weight management and improved metabolic and mental health O2: Identification of gut bacteria and compounds of relevance to vascular and gut health O3: Linking fibre consumption to intestinal microbial communities and health O4: Mathematical modelling of interactions between diet and gut microbial communities
Interventions
OTHERHigh Fibre
High fibre/carbohydrate (50% CHO, 35% fat and 15% Protein) with 45% calories at breakfast and 20% evening meal provided and buffet lunch. Total dietary fibre will be at least 30g/d for 2000kcal intake and provided as a mixed soluble and insoluble fibre sources to maintain palatability of the diet (e.g. wheat bran, fava bean, lentil, buckwheat).
OTHERHigh Protein
• High protein diet (30% protein, 35% fat and 35% CHO) with 45% calories at breakfast and 20% evening meal provided and buffet lunch. Protein will be a mixed meat matrix to include poultry, fish, red meat, prawns, eggs, dairy. Total dietary fibre will be no more than 15g/d for 2000kcal intake.
Sponsors
University of Aberdeen
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* BMI ranging from 27-42 kg/m2; * those habitually consuming breakfast (at least 5 times a week).
Exclusion criteria
* women who are pregnant, planning to be pregnant or breastfeeding * subjects with food allergy * diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, renal, hepatic, haematological disease or coronary heart disease * having given a pint of blood for transfusion purposes within the last month * unsuitable veins for blood sampling * inability to understand the participant information sheet * inability to speak, read and understand the English language * those on any prescription medications (other than oral contraceptives) * those on any specific diet regimes * those on any weight loss programmes (that may be affecting lifestyle, physical activity and diet).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Energy Balance | measured up to day 71 of study | Chronic influence on energy balance (body weight, kg) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Acute effects on biomarkers of health after test meals | Baseline & week 4 of each treatment | blood samples analysed for Glucose, Lipids and Hormones |
| Acute effects on gastric emptying after test meals | Baseline & week 4 of each treatment | gastric emptying (stable isotope, Octanoic acid labelled breath samples) |
| Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) before & after test meals | Baseline & week 4 of each treatment | Chronic influence on metabolism or Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) using indirect calorimetry measurement |
| Acute effects on appetite after test meals | Baseline & week 4 of each treatment | Appetite questionnaires recorded on Visual Analogue Scales every 30mins on test days |
| Bone Density | Baseline & week 4 of each treatment | Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scan to measure fat mass, fat free mass & bone density as part of the 4 compartment model |
| Body Composition | Baseline & week 4 of each treatment | Air Displacement Plethysmography (BodPod) to measure body fat as part of the 4 compartment model |
| Total Body Water | Baseline & week 4 of each treatment | Deuterium Dilution to measure Total Body Water (TBW) as part of the 4 compartment model |
| Faecal sample analysis for gut health | up to 10 weeks | Chronic influence on changes in gut microbiota |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed