Muscle; Fatigue
Conditions
Keywords
sensorimotor system, scapular joint position sense, fatigue
Brief summary
The aims of this study are to investigate the effects of scapular muscle fatigue on scapular joint position sense and neuromuscular performance (scapular muscle strength, the kinematics data and muscle activity of shoulder during scaption (arm elevation in the scapular plane)). The investigators hypothesize that scapular muscle fatigue would increase scapular reposition error and affect neuromuscular performance of the scapular during scaption.
Interventions
OTHERmuscle fatigue
Modified push-up plus exercise: the participants first supported by both knees and the single elbow, and then performed sustained scapular protraction for three minutes with ten repetitions in males and two minutes with five repetitions in females with forty-five seconds rest between.
Sponsors
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* no shoulder, cervical, and thoracic spine pain within six months * negative for subacromial impingement test * normal range of motion of glenohumeral joint
Exclusion criteria
* history of dislocation, fracture, or surgery of shoulder joint * history of central nervous system disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, shoulder osteoarthritis, or cervical radiculopathy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Scapular Proprioception | through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects | Test the ability of active re-position the scapula from neutral to 90% range of protraction, and elevation. |
| Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects | Test the ability of muscle activation (upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior) during active re-position the scapula from neutral to 90% range of protraction, and elevation. Muscle activation during active re-position would divide into muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), present in percent. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Strength | through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects | use dynamometer to detect the force of maximum isometric voluntary contraction of upper trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior |
| Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects | use Liberty to detect the motion of spine, humerus, and scapula during shoulder elevation in the scapular plane (scaption) |
| Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects | Test the ability of muscle activity (upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior) during shoulder elevation in the scapular plane (scaption). Muscle activation during scaption would divide into muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), present in percent. |
| Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Recruitment Timing During Arm Elevation in Scapular Plane | through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects | Test the ability of muscle onset timing (upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior) during shoulder elevation in the scapular plane (scaption). Onset timing was determined by EMG signals bigger than resting signals plus 3 times standard deviations. Origin was set at onset of kinematics data of glenohumeral joint. |
Countries
Taiwan
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Fatigued Group the only group in this study, and every subjects took the fatigued task | 30 |
| Total | 30 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Fatigued Group | — |
|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 23.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 | — |
| height | 167.57 centimeters STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.29 | — |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 15 Participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 15 Participants | — |
| weight | 59.30 kilograms STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.53 | — |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 30 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 30 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 30 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception
Test the ability of muscle activation (upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior) during active re-position the scapula from neutral to 90% range of protraction, and elevation. Muscle activation during active re-position would divide into muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), present in percent.
Time frame: through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | serrates anterior during elevation: pre-test | 18.48 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 11.05 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | serrates anterior during elevation: post-test | 26.34 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 18.76 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | serrates anterior during protraction: pre-test | 15.22 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 12.54 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | serrates anterior during protraction: post-test | 27.41 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 38.03 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | upper trapezius during elevation: pre-test | 45.17 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 20.18 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | upper trapezius during elevation: post-test | 52.46 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 53.62 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | upper trapezius during protraction: pre-test | 8.28 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 7.11 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | upper trapezius during protraction: post-test | 10.49 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 13.77 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | lower trapezius during elevation: pre-test | 3.51 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 1.97 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | lower trapezius during elevation: post-test | 3.51 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 2.17 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | lower trapezius during protraction: pre-test | 6.41 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 5.11 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Muscle Activation During Scapular Proprioception | lower trapezius during protraction: post-test | 5.59 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 4.58 |
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle activation of upper trapezius during scapular elevation.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle activation during proprioception task. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.413ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle activation of lower trapezius during scapular elevation.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle activation during proprioception task. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.984ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle activation of serratus anterior during scapular elevation.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle activation during proprioception task. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.006ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle activation of upper trapezius during scapular protraction.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle activation during proprioception task. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.154ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle activation of lower trapezius during scapular protraction.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle activation during proprioception task. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.096ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle activation of serratus anterior during scapular protraction.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle activation during proprioception task. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.037ANOVA
Primary
Change From Baseline in Scapular Proprioception
Test the ability of active re-position the scapula from neutral to 90% range of protraction, and elevation.
Time frame: through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Proprioception | elevation task: post-test | -0.19 centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Proprioception | protraction task: pre-test | -0.37 centimeters | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Proprioception | protraction task: post-test | -0.32 centimeters | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Proprioception | elevation task: pre-test | -0.48 centimeters | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on reposition error of scapular elevation. Muscle fatigue would increase reposition error during scapular elevation. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.227ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on reposition error of scapular protraction. Muscle fatigue would increase reposition error during scapular protraction. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.764ANOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane
Test the ability of muscle activity (upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior) during shoulder elevation in the scapular plane (scaption). Muscle activation during scaption would divide into muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), present in percent.
Time frame: through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior ascending 30~60: pre-test | 40.65 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 26.74 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior ascending 60~90: pre-test | 48.62 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 38.33 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior ascending 90~120: pre-test | 65.91 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 34.51 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior ascending 30~60: post-test | 51.38 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 27.85 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior ascending 60~90: post-test | 62.70 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 38.43 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior ascending 90~120: post-test | 84.61 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 30.36 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior descending 120~90: pre-test | 30.88 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 18.29 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior descending 90~60: pre-test | 23.03 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 18.35 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior descending 60~30: pre-test | 13.99 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 11 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior descending 120~90: post-test | 41.05 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 17.06 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior descending 90~60: post-test | 29.09 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 18.26 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Activity During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | serratus anterior descending 60~30: post-test | 16.91 percentage of MVIC | Standard Deviation 12.04 |
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle activation of upper trapezius during scaption.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle activation during scaption. Two way (angle x time) repeated measures. If there was an interaction between time and angle, further one way repeated measures would use to access the effects of time on muscle activation changed of upper trapezius during each angle of scaption.p-value: 0.331ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle activation of lower trapezius during scaption.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle activation during scaption. Two way (angle x time) repeated measures. If there was an interaction between time and angle, further one way repeated measures would use to access the effects of time on muscle activation changed of lower trapezius during each angle of scaption.p-value: 0.627ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle activation of serratus anterior during scaption.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle activation during scaption. Two way (angle x time) repeated measures. If there was an interaction between time and angle, further one way repeated measures would use to access the effects of time on muscle activation changed of serratus anterior during each angle of scaption.p-value: 0.042ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on muscle activation changed of serratus anterior during ascending 30\~60 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.021ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on muscle activation changed of serratus anterior during ascending 60\~90 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.018ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on muscle activation changed of serratus anterior during ascending 90\~120 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.002ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on muscle activation changed of serratus anterior during descending 120\~90 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.002ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on muscle activation changed of serratus anterior during descending 90\~60 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.035ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on muscle activation changed of serratus anterior during descending 60\~30 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.05ANOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Recruitment Timing During Arm Elevation in Scapular Plane
Test the ability of muscle onset timing (upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior) during shoulder elevation in the scapular plane (scaption). Onset timing was determined by EMG signals bigger than resting signals plus 3 times standard deviations. Origin was set at onset of kinematics data of glenohumeral joint.
Time frame: through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Recruitment Timing During Arm Elevation in Scapular Plane | upper trapezius: pre-test | -0.035 millisecond | Standard Deviation 0.326 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Recruitment Timing During Arm Elevation in Scapular Plane | lower trapezius: pre-test | 0.420 millisecond | Standard Deviation 0.563 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Recruitment Timing During Arm Elevation in Scapular Plane | serratus anterior: pre-test | -0.081 millisecond | Standard Deviation 0.204 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Recruitment Timing During Arm Elevation in Scapular Plane | upper trapezius: post-test | 0.004 millisecond | Standard Deviation 0.278 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Recruitment Timing During Arm Elevation in Scapular Plane | lower trapezius: post-test | 0.406 millisecond | Standard Deviation 0.56 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Recruitment Timing During Arm Elevation in Scapular Plane | serratus anterior: post-test | -0.05 millisecond | Standard Deviation 0.197 |
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle onset timing of upper trapezius during scaption.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle onset timing during scaption. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.5ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle onset timing of lower trapezius during scaption.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle onset timing during scaption. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.843ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle onset timing of serratus anterior during scaption.~Muscle fatigue would change muscle onset timing during scaption. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.466ANOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Strength
use dynamometer to detect the force of maximum isometric voluntary contraction of upper trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior
Time frame: through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Strength | serrates anterior muscle: pre-test | 10.42 kilograms | Standard Deviation 3.92 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Strength | serrates anterior muscle: post-test | 8.40 kilograms | Standard Deviation 3.6 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Strength | upper trapezius muscle: pre-test | 23.39 kilograms | Standard Deviation 10.99 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Strength | upper trapezius muscle: post-test | 20.87 kilograms | Standard Deviation 10.48 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Strength | lower trapezius muscle: pre-test | 4.47 kilograms | Standard Deviation 2.08 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Scapular Muscle Strength | lower trapezius muscle: post-test | 4.31 kilograms | Standard Deviation 1.89 |
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle strength of serratus anterior during maximum voluntary isometric muscle contraction.~Muscle fatigue would decrease muscle strength during maximum voluntary isometric muscle contraction.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.000085ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle strength of upper trapezius during maximum voluntary isometric muscle contraction.~Muscle fatigue would decrease muscle strength during maximum voluntary isometric muscle contraction.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.037ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on muscle strength of lower trapezius during maximum voluntary isometric muscle contraction.~Muscle fatigue would decrease muscle strength during maximum voluntary isometric muscle contraction.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.382ANOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane
use Liberty to detect the motion of spine, humerus, and scapula during shoulder elevation in the scapular plane (scaption)
Time frame: through fatigue intervention completion, an average of 20 minutes in female subjects and 40 minutes in male subjects
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt ascending 120 degree: pre-test | 13.81 degree | Standard Deviation 12.22 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt ascending 30 degree: pre-test | 0.68 degree | Standard Deviation 4.79 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt ascending 60 degree: pre-test | 7.60 degree | Standard Deviation 5.75 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt ascending 90 degree: pre-test | 10.84 degree | Standard Deviation 7.43 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt ascending 30 degree: post-test | 0.05 degree | Standard Deviation 4.98 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt ascending 60 degree: post-test | 6.77 degree | Standard Deviation 5.93 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt ascending 90 degree: post-test | 9.53 degree | Standard Deviation 8.04 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt ascending 120 degree: post-test | 10.33 degree | Standard Deviation 13.4 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt descending 120 degree: pre-test | 11.44 degree | Standard Deviation 14 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt descending 90 degree: pre-test | 8.54 degree | Standard Deviation 7.96 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt descending 60 degree: pre-test | 4.02 degree | Standard Deviation 5.89 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt descending 30 degree: pre-test | -2.47 degree | Standard Deviation 5.09 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt descending 120 degree: post-test | 7.63 degree | Standard Deviation 14.24 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt descending 90 degree: post-test | 6.64 degree | Standard Deviation 8.61 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt descending 60 degree: post-test | 2.72 degree | Standard Deviation 6.63 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | posterior tilt descending 30 degree: post-test | -3.55 degree | Standard Deviation 5.41 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation ascending 30 degree: pre-test | 11.37 degree | Standard Deviation 5.44 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation ascending 60 degree: pre-test | 11.02 degree | Standard Deviation 5.89 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation ascending 90 degree: pre-test | 10.68 degree | Standard Deviation 7.52 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation ascending 120 degree: pre-test | 10.21 degree | Standard Deviation 13.57 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation ascending 30 degree: post-test | 10.84 degree | Standard Deviation 5.23 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation ascending 60 degree: post-test | 10.63 degree | Standard Deviation 5.75 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation ascending 90 degree: post-test | 11.29 degree | Standard Deviation 8.03 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation ascending 120 degree: post-test | 13.25 degree | Standard Deviation 14.52 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation descending 120 degree: pre-test | 12.52 degree | Standard Deviation 15.17 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation descending 90 degree: pre-test | 12.66 degree | Standard Deviation 8.76 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation descending 60 degree: pre-test | 11.95 degree | Standard Deviation 6.05 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation descending 30 degree: pre-test | 11.28 degree | Standard Deviation 5.36 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation descending 120 degree: post-test | 15.87 degree | Standard Deviation 14.88 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation descending 90 degree: post-test | 13.66 degree | Standard Deviation 9.07 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation descending 60 degree: post-test | 11.69 degree | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | internal rotation descending 30 degree: post-test | 10.86 degree | Standard Deviation 5.56 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation ascending 30 degree: pre-test | 6.42 degree | Standard Deviation 3.66 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation ascending 60 degree: pre-test | 18.88 degree | Standard Deviation 4.11 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation ascending 90 degree: pre-test | 35.54 degree | Standard Deviation 4.84 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation ascending 120 degree: pre-test | 52.78 degree | Standard Deviation 6.63 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation ascending 30 degree: post-test | 6.29 degree | Standard Deviation 4.04 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation ascending 60 degree: post-test | 19.34 degree | Standard Deviation 4.4 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation ascending 90 degree: post-test | 36.51 degree | Standard Deviation 5.21 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation ascending 120 degree: post-test | 54.35 degree | Standard Deviation 6.33 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation descending 120 degree: pre-test | 53.92 degree | Standard Deviation 6.21 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation descending 90 degree: pre-test | 38.10 degree | Standard Deviation 4.84 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation descending 60 degree: pre-test | 21.18 degree | Standard Deviation 4.34 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation descending 30 degree: pre-test | 7.34 degree | Standard Deviation 4.12 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation descending 120 degree: post-test | 54.84 degree | Standard Deviation 6.29 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation descending 90 degree: post-test | 38.44 degree | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation descending 60 degree: post-test | 21.40 degree | Standard Deviation 4.73 |
| Fatigued Group | Change From Baseline in Shoulder Kinematics Data During Shoulder Elevation in the Scapular Plane | upward rotation descending 30 degree: post-test | 7.01 degree | Standard Deviation 4.21 |
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on scapular posterior tilt during scaption. Muscle fatigue would change scapular kinematics during scaption. Two way (angle x time) repeated measures. If there was an interaction between time and angle, further one way repeated measures would use to access the effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular posterior tilt during each angle of scaption.p-value: 0.000467ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular posterior tilt during ascending 30 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.093ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular posterior tilt during ascending 60 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.062ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular posterior tilt during ascending 90 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.04ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular posterior tilt during ascending 120 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.000147ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular posterior tilt during descending 120 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.000012ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular posterior tilt during descending 90 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.007ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular posterior tilt during descending 60 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.059ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular posterior tilt during descending 30 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.032ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on scapular internal rotation during scaption Muscle fatigue would change scapular kinematics during scaption. Two way (angle x time) repeated measures. If there was an interaction between time and angle, further one way repeated measures would use to access the effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular internal rotation during each angle of scaption.p-value: 0.000015ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular internal rotation during ascending 30 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.296ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular internal rotation during ascending 60 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.457ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular internal rotation during ascending 90 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.311ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular internal rotation during ascending 120 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.004ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular internal rotation during descending 120 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.002ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular internal rotation during descending 90 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.137ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular internal rotation during descending 60 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.636ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular internal rotation during descending 30 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.406ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of muscle fatigue on scapular upward rotation during scaption. Muscle fatigue would change scapular kinematics during scaption. Two way (angle x time) repeated measures. If there was an interaction between time and angle, further one way repeated measures would use to access the effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular upward rotation during each angle of scaption.p-value: 0.001ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular upward rotation during ascending 30 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.65ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular upward rotation during ascending 60 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.141ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular upward rotation during ascending 90 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.021ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular upward rotation during ascending 120 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.005ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular upward rotation during descending 120 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.083ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular upward rotation during descending 90 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.389ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular upward rotation during descending 60 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.542ANOVA
Comparison: The effects of time on kinematics changed of scapular upward rotation during descending 30 degree of scaption.~One-way repeated measures analysis of variance.p-value: 0.263ANOVA