Diabetes
Conditions
Brief summary
Early research found that high levels of fat within muscle meant poorer control of blood sugar. However, more recent research has shown that athletes have similar levels of fat within muscle, but in contrast, they have very good control of blood sugar. The investigators are not sure why this is and want to find out if the fat within muscle can be changed to improve blood sugar control, as good blood sugar control reduces the risk of heart disease, diabetes and stroke.
Detailed description
Higher levels of triglycerides (TG) and diacylglycerols (DAG) are found in skeletal muscle of patients with obesity/diabetes as well as in trained athletes. Despite similar metabolic storage, patients and athletes have opposite insulin sensitivity phenotypes and an explanation for this is lacking. The investigators' objective is to understand how these fat compartments can be beneficially modulated to improve insulin resistance and cardio-metabolic risk. The investigators will investigate if either structural differences (saturated versus unsaturated balance of TG and DAG side-chains) or different handling abilities (fast versus slow lipid pool turnover) will be induced by exercise capacity interventions in athletes and in diabetic patients. In a longitudinal study pre- and post-exercise, the investigators will use novel, non-invasive 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to benchmark the saturated/unsaturated compartments against skeletal muscle biopsies for the first time and stable isotope analysis for fat compartments' rate of turnover.
Interventions
OTHERTraining or detraining
A period of detraining or a supervised exercise program.
Sponsors
NHS Grampian
University of Aberdeen
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Type 2 diabetic patients, aged between 20-65, diagnosed as per WHO criteria, diet controlled or diet and any of the following oral hypoglycemics: metformin, sulphonylureas, glitazones, gliptins, acarbose, but not requiring insulin for controlling of blood glucose. * Trained, athletic healthy controls, aged 18 and over. * Participant who is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study. * Able to perform exercise testing.
Exclusion criteria
* Any history of known coronary artery disease. * Other endocrine conditions * Impaired renal function defined as eGFR\<60mls/min/1.73m2 * Known resting/24 hour BP \>160/100mmHg * Participants on ACE inhibitors * Participants on PPAR agonists * Participants on omega 3 fatty acids * The existence of any medical or surgical condition that in the judgement of the investigators may interfere with the exercise regime, FA metabolism or may compromise the safety of the subject * Presence of other significant concomitant heart diseases such as ischaemic, valvular, pericardial heart disease or cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle disorders * Healthy volunteers that are on any chronic medication that in the judgment of the investigators is likely to affect the outcome of the study * Significant asthma * Significant pulmonary disease * Participants unable to cycle on the ergometer * Unable to perform exercise testing (e.g. prosthetic limbs)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Non-invasive 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of vastus lateralis | One Hour | Assessment of energetics of vastus lateralis by MRS |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Saturated and unsaturated lipid pool turnover examined by stable isotopes | One hour | Lipid pool turnover as examined by stable isotope infusion |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed