Type 2 Diabetes
Conditions
Brief summary
Empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, was launched in the United Kingdom (UK) in August 2014. It can be expected that patients initiating empagliflozin may differ in their characteristics from patients initiating other glucose lowering drugs (GLDs) that have been on the market longer (e.g. patients may have poorer glucose control). Therefore, the proposed study aims to characterize patients with T2DM in the UK initiating empagliflozin in terms of baseline characteristics, concomitant medications, and comorbidities compared to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) initiating other SGLT-2 inhibitors or other non-insulin GLDs. Due to the mode of action, some patients taking empagliflozin have experienced weight loss in clinical trials. A theoretical possibility exists that empagliflozin may be used by patients without T2DM. Therefore, this study also aims to assess the potential off-label use of empagliflozin compared to other non-insulin GLDs.
Detailed description
Study Design: cross sectional
Interventions
DRUGEmpagliflozin
DRUGOther SGLT2 inhibitors
DRUGOther non-insulin GLDs
metformin, sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists
Sponsors
Eli Lilly and Company
Boehringer Ingelheim
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
All patients will be required to meet all of the following criteria: * At least 12 months of continuous registration prior to the index date in a practice contributing up to standard (UTS) data to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Infants younger than 1 year will not be required to have 12 months of continuous UTS registration in the CPRD. * A new user of one of the index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT2 inhibitor, or non-insulin GLDs) or a fixed dose combination (FDC) with metformin.
Exclusion criteria
There is no exclusion criterion in this study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by demographics) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) are presented. |
| Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by life style factors (smoking and alcohol use)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) are presented. NA= NR (Not Reported) (variables for which patient counts were \<5) |
| Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by life style factors (BMI)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) is presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of body mass index (BMI) measured is presented along with number of subjects with available data. |
| Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by life style factors (blood pressure)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) is presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measured is presented along with number of subjects with available data. |
| Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) is presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measured is presented along with number of subjects with available data. |
| Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by laboratory tests) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) are presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins level (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein level (LDL) and triglyceride level (TG) measured are presented along with number of subjects with available data. |
| Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) is presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measured is presented along with number of subjects with available data. |
| Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by by creatinine serum (SCR)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) is presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of creatinine serum (SCR) measured is presented along with number of subjects with available data. |
| Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by comorbidities) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) are presented. |
| Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by concomitant medications) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) are presented. Subjects taking medication up to 60 days before index date are presented. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Off-label Use | Baseline | To assess off-label use the number of study participants without a recorded diagnosis of T2DM was calculated for each exposure category (people with other types of diabetes, people without diabetes, people younger than 18 years old, and women during pregnancy and breastfeeding). For the assessment of drug use during the pregnancy and breastfeeding period, the look-back period was 270 days (9 months) before and including the index date. To assess the use in pediatric population, the study participants were stratified by age into adults (≥18 years of age) and pediatrics (\<18 years of age). |
| Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by concomitant medications) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label are presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. Subjects taking medication up to 60 days before index date are presented. |
| Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by demographics) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label are presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. |
| Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by life style factors (smoking and alcohol use)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label are presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. NA= NR (Not Reported) (variables for which patient counts were \<5) |
| Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by life style factors (BMI)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label is presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. |
| Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by life style factors (blood pressure)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label is presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. |
| Baseline Characteristics (as Measured b Yglycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label is presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. |
| Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by laboratory tests) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label are presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. |
| Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label is presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. |
| Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by creatinine serum (SCR)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label is presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. |
| Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Baseline | Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by comorbidities) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label are presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. |
Countries
Germany
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
All study participants had at least 12 months of continuous registration in the United Kingdom (UK) Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) prior to the study initiation which is a data source comprising primary care electronic medical record (EMR).
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin Subjects who initiated treatment with empagliflozin in the United Kingdom (UK) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015. | 110 |
| Other SGLT-2i Subjects who initiated treatment with other sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in the UK between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015. | 3,407 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) Subjects who initiated treatment with DPP-4i in the UK between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015. | 5,615 |
| Metformin Subjects who initiated treatment with metformin in the UK between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015. | 10,370 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) Subjects who initiated treatment with SU in the UK between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015. | 5,271 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists Subjects who initiated treatment with GLP-1 agonists in the UK between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015. | 1,155 |
| Total | 25,928 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Other SGLT-2i | Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Metformin | Sulfonylureas (SU) | Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Total | Empagliflozin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized 18 - 35 years | 60 Participants | 81 Participants | 314 Participants | 141 Participants | 37 Participants | 639 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Age, Customized 36 - 49 years | 637 Participants | 643 Participants | 1748 Participants | 753 Participants | 224 Participants | 4030 Participants | 25 Participants |
| Age, Customized 50 - 64 years | 1683 Participants | 1952 Participants | 3858 Participants | 1925 Participants | 560 Participants | 10025 Participants | 47 Participants |
| Age, Customized 65 - 74 years | 862 Participants | 1601 Participants | 2576 Participants | 1347 Participants | 266 Participants | 6674 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Age, Customized 75 years and above | 165 Participants | 1338 Participants | 1874 Participants | 1105 Participants | 68 Participants | 4560 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 1404 Participants | 2406 Participants | 4464 Participants | 2284 Participants | 571 Participants | 11180 Participants | 51 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2003 Participants | 3209 Participants | 5906 Participants | 2987 Participants | 584 Participants | 14748 Participants | 59 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk | EG005 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK
Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by comorbidities) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) are presented.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (older than 18 years), with a recorded T2DM, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular disorders | 56.36 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Bone disorders | 8.18 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Infections | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Diabetes complications | 34.55 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Respiratory | 22.73 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Kidney disease | 11.82 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Thyroid disorders | 8.18 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cancer | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Pancreatitis | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Obesity | 40.00 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Thyroid disorders | 9.30 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular disorders | 56.88 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Diabetes complications | 34.14 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | 1.78 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Obesity | 39.01 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Infections | 2.03 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Respiratory | 21.10 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Pancreatitis | 1.14 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Bone disorders | 11.39 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Kidney disease | 9.48 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cancer | 4.05 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Kidney disease | 22.81 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Obesity | 26.79 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | 1.37 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Thyroid disorders | 9.39 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Bone disorders | 12.80 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Pancreatitis | 0.89 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cancer | 7.25 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Respiratory | 19.89 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular disorders | 62.60 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Infections | 3.69 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Diabetes complications | 33.62 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Pancreatitis | 1.02 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Diabetes complications | 13.11 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Thyroid disorders | 8.52 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cancer | 5.97 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular disorders | 54.85 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Infections | 2.64 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Kidney disease | 12.40 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | 1.52 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Obesity | 20.69 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Respiratory | 19.59 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Bone disorders | 12.10 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Obesity | 24.45 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Thyroid disorders | 8.97 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Bone disorders | 13.15 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Pancreatitis | 1.37 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Respiratory | 20.13 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Diabetes complications | 24.36 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Infections | 3.68 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular disorders | 59.70 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cancer | 7.95 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | 1.80 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Kidney disease | 17.40 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Kidney disease | 14.98 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Bone disorders | 12.55 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Obesity | 45.71 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Infections | 3.64 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cancer | 4.59 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Respiratory | 21.90 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Thyroid disorders | 11.00 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Diabetes complications | 34.81 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Pancreatitis | 0.52 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular disorders | 59.83 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Comorbidities) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | 3.33 Percentage of Participants |
Primary
Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK
Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by concomitant medications) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) are presented. Subjects taking medication up to 60 days before index date are presented.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (older than 18 years), with a recorded T2DM, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Agents for dementia | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antidepressants | 31.82 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 9.09 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Insulin | 15.45 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Oral Corticosteroids | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antipsychotics | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular medications | 70.91 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-insulin GLDs | 96.36 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Opiates | 22.73 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 8.18 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 79.09 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Psycholeptics | 5.45 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | 2.26 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antipsychotics | 3.08 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Psycholeptics | 5.14 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular medications | 74.76 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Agents for dementia | 0.18 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-insulin GLDs | 95.42 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 76.20 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 9.01 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Oral Corticosteroids | 2.76 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Insulin | 17.64 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Opiates | 21.19 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 10.92 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antidepressants | 26.71 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Opiates | 20.11 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular medications | 76.31 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 74.37 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Oral Corticosteroids | 4.49 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 8.39 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Psycholeptics | 5.40 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antipsychotics | 3.51 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antidepressants | 22.87 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 9.58 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Insulin | 5.95 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | 2.49 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-insulin GLDs | 89.26 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Agents for dementia | 0.80 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Agents for dementia | 0.58 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antipsychotics | 3.85 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 47.92 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-insulin GLDs | 10.49 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 8.39 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular medications | 60.35 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Insulin | 2.34 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Psycholeptics | 5.73 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antidepressants | 21.41 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Oral Corticosteroids | 4.99 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Opiates | 18.57 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 9.47 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | 2.80 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antipsychotics | 3.74 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 8.06 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-insulin GLDs | 78.54 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antidepressants | 23.20 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Oral Corticosteroids | 5.86 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Opiates | 20.05 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 64.81 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Insulin | 2.26 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular medications | 69.42 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 8.95 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Agents for dementia | 0.61 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | 2.79 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Psycholeptics | 6.00 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Agents for dementia | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-insulin GLDs | 92.81 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 75.67 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | 2.86 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Opiates | 24.33 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antidepressants | 33.94 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Oral Corticosteroids | 2.94 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Antipsychotics | 3.90 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Insulin | 18.18 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Cardiovascular medications | 77.40 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Psycholeptics | 6.49 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 11.69 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 13.25 Percentage of Participants |
Primary
Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK
Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by by creatinine serum (SCR)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) is presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of creatinine serum (SCR) measured is presented along with number of subjects with available data.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (older than 18 years), with a recorded T2DM, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 72.16 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 16.62 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 74.52 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 17.18 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 88.46 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 38.3 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 78.46 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 20 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 83.10 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 33.18 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 77.16 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 23.97 |
Primary
Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK
Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by demographics) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) are presented.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (older than 18 years), with a recorded T2DM, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (18 - 35 years) | 5.45 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (75 years and above) | 9.09 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (36 - 49 years) | 22.73 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Male) | 53.64 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (50 - 64 years) | 42.73 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Female) | 46.36 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (65 - 74 years) | 20.00 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (36 - 49 years) | 18.70 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (65 - 74 years) | 25.30 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (50 - 64 years) | 49.40 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (75 years and above) | 4.84 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (18 - 35 years) | 1.76 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Male) | 58.79 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Female) | 41.21 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (50 - 64 years) | 34.76 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (36 - 49 years) | 11.45 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (18 - 35 years) | 1.44 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (75 years and above) | 23.83 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Female) | 42.85 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (65 - 74 years) | 28.51 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Male) | 57.15 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (65 - 74 years) | 24.84 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (18 - 35 years) | 3.03 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (36 - 49 years) | 16.86 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (50 - 64 years) | 37.20 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (75 years and above) | 18.07 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Female) | 43.05 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Male) | 56.95 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (50 - 64 years) | 36.52 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (36 - 49 years) | 14.29 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Male) | 56.67 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (18 - 35 years) | 2.68 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Female) | 43.33 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (65 - 74 years) | 25.55 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (75 years and above) | 20.96 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Male) | 50.56 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (75 years and above) | 5.89 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (50 - 64 years) | 48.48 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (36 - 49 years) | 19.39 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Gender (Female) | 49.44 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (18 - 35 years) | 3.20 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Demographics) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Age (65 - 74 years) | 23.03 Percentage of Participants |
Primary
Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK
Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) is presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measured is presented along with number of subjects with available data.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (older than 18 years), with a recorded T2DM, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 95.46 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 16.94 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 93.42 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 30.95 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 80.68 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 24.65 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 87.64 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 19.56 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 84.95 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 23.12 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 90.27 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 20.44 |
Primary
Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK
Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) is presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measured is presented along with number of subjects with available data.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (older than 18 years), with a recorded T2DM, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 77.34 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 16.02 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 79.52 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 17.62 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 73.83 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 17.81 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 70.35 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 20.98 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 78.05 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 21.39 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 80.68 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 18.07 |
Primary
Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK
Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by laboratory tests) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) are presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins level (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein level (LDL) and triglyceride level (TG) measured are presented along with number of subjects with available data.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (older than 18 years), with a recorded T2DM, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TC | 4.22 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | HDL | 1.10 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.25 |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | LDL | 2.17 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TG | 2.22 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.33 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | LDL | 2.19 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | HDL | 1.13 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.3 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TC | 4.33 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TG | 2.38 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.89 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TG | 2.23 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | LDL | 2.19 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | HDL | 1.17 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TC | 4.29 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TC | 4.89 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.26 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TG | 2.34 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | HDL | 1.19 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | LDL | 2.70 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | LDL | 2.32 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.97 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TG | 2.43 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.99 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | HDL | 1.18 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.35 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TC | 4.53 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.27 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | HDL | 1.10 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.27 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | LDL | 2.22 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TG | 2.50 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.72 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | TC | 4.37 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
Primary
Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK
Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by life style factors (blood pressure)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) is presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measured is presented along with number of subjects with available data.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (older than 18 years), with a recorded T2DM, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | DBP | 77.02 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 8.24 |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | SBP | 130.75 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 14.72 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | DBP | 77.85 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 8.91 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | SBP | 133.52 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 13.7 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | DBP | 76.02 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 9.46 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | SBP | 133.45 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 14.61 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | SBP | 135.02 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 15.57 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | DBP | 78.48 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 10.19 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | SBP | 132.72 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 14.86 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | DBP | 76.78 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 9.54 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | SBP | 133.84 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 14.31 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | DBP | 77.82 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 8.67 |
Primary
Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK
Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by life style factors (BMI)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) is presented. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of body mass index (BMI) measured is presented along with number of subjects with available data.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (older than 18 years), with a recorded T2DM, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 35.43 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 5.83 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 35.24 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 6.82 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 32.13 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 6.45 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 32.99 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 6.83 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 31.61 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 6.57 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | 37.68 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 6.72 |
Primary
Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK
Baseline characteristics of adults (as measured by life style factors (smoking and alcohol use)) with a recorded diagnosis of T2DM who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) are presented. NA= NR (Not Reported) (variables for which patient counts were \<5)
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (older than 18 years), with a recorded T2DM, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 22.73 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (smoker) | 22.73 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 58.18 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 15.45 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 60.00 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (non-smoker) | 19.09 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 68.59 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 19.81 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (smoker) | 18.08 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | 2.35 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (non-smoker) | 29.03 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 9.25 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 52.89 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (non-smoker) | 27.96 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 66.25 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (smoker) | 18.24 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 21.25 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | 2.14 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 53.80 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 10.37 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | 4.67 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (non-smoker) | 30.95 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 17.04 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 10.15 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 68.14 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 48.20 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (smoker) | 20.67 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (Unknown) | 0.18 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 10.15 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 51.79 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (smoker) | 20.17 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (non-smoker) | 27.98 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 65.81 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 20.32 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | 3.72 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | 2.34 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 23.03 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (non-smoker) | 27.01 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (smoker) | 18.53 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 9.18 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 54.46 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 65.45 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics of Adults (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) With a Recorded Diagnosis of T2DM Starting Index Prescriptions in the UK | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
Secondary
Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label
Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by comorbidities) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label are presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients older than 18 years with unspecified DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Infections | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Bone disorders | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Respiratory | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Kidney disease | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Thyroid disorders | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Diabetes complications | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cancer | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular disorders | 35.71 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Obesity | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Pancreatitis | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Pancreatitis | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular disorders | 44.51 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Infections | 2.02 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cancer | 2.89 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Bone disorders | 8.67 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Respiratory | 15.90 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Obesity | 24.57 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Diabetes complications | 47.69 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Kidney disease | 8.96 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Thyroid disorders | 5.20 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Kidney disease | 23.90 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Obesity | 15.29 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Thyroid disorders | 6.33 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Diabetes complications | 37.26 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cancer | 5.98 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Pancreatitis | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular disorders | 51.67 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Bone disorders | 9.31 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Respiratory | 18.63 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Infections | 2.99 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Pancreatitis | 0.95 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Diabetes complications | 14.59 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Thyroid disorders | 8.29 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cancer | 4.96 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular disorders | 41.37 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Infections | 3.91 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Kidney disease | 9.34 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | 11.70 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Obesity | 17.16 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Respiratory | 16.02 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Bone disorders | 10.96 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Obesity | 13.81 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cancer | 6.90 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Bone disorders | 11.30 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Pancreatitis | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Respiratory | 18.41 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Thyroid disorders | 5.44 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Infections | 3.56 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Diabetes complications | 27.41 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular disorders | 44.98 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Kidney disease | 15.06 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Kidney disease | 15.57 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Bone disorders | 4.92 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Obesity | 27.87 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Infections | 4.10 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular disorders | 43.44 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Respiratory | 22.13 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cancer | 5.74 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Thyroid disorders | 4.92 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Pancreatitis | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Diabetes complications | 40.98 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Comorbidities) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCO), females only | NA Percentage of Participants |
Secondary
Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label
Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by concomitant medications) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label are presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. Subjects taking medication up to 60 days before index date are presented.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients older than 18 years with unspecified DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Oral Corticosteroids | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antipsychotics | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antidepressants | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Psycholeptics | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-insulin GLDs | 85.71 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 85.71 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Opiates | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular medications | 85.71 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Insulin | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Agents for dementia | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antidepressants | 30.92 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 15.90 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Opiates | 28.61 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 75.14 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-insulin GLDs | 91.33 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Oral Corticosteroids | 1.45 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Insulin | 33.82 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 10.12 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | 2.31 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Psycholeptics | 8.09 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Agents for dementia | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antipsychotics | 3.76 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular medications | 77.17 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 10.02 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Psycholeptics | 5.98 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-insulin GLDs | 85.06 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | 2.64 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 75.22 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Oral Corticosteroids | 3.16 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Opiates | 22.14 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antipsychotics | 3.87 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 6.85 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Insulin | 12.13 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antidepressants | 26.01 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Agents for dementia | 1.05 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular medications | 79.96 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antidepressants | 21.83 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Insulin | 9.25 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-insulin GLDs | 11.44 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Oral Corticosteroids | 4.29 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 8.87 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular medications | 52.24 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Psycholeptics | 7.15 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antipsychotics | 3.43 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Opiates | 19.73 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 9.44 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | 2.29 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 38.42 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Agents for dementia | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-insulin GLDs | 70.08 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 6.90 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular medications | 66.53 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Psycholeptics | 8.79 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 8.79 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Oral Corticosteroids | 3.56 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Insulin | 3.77 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | 2.93 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 58.58 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Opiates | 22.38 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antidepressants | 26.99 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Agents for dementia | 1.26 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antipsychotics | 2.72 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Opiates | 26.23 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Cardiovascular medications | 74.59 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Lipid-regulating Drugs | 72.95 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Oral Corticosteroids | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 13.93 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Psycholeptics | 5.74 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antipsychotics | 4.92 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Antidepressants | 32.79 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Non-insulin GLDs | 84.43 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants | 13.11 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Anti-Parkinson, Dopamine agonists | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Agents for dementia | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Concomitant Medications) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Insulin | 36.07 Percentage of Participants |
Secondary
Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label
Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by creatinine serum (SCR)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label is presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients older than 18 years with unspecified DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 74.21 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 17.76 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 74.10 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 19.28 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 92.89 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 47.49 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 78.21 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 23.53 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 87.41 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 43.47 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Creatinine Serum (SCR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 81.97 Micromoles per liter (umol/L) | Standard Deviation 26.08 |
Secondary
Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label
Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by demographics) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label are presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients older than 18 years with unspecified DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (36 - 49 years) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Male) | 64.29 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (50 - 64 years) | 42.86 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (18 - 35 years) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Female) | 35.71 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (75 years and above) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (65 - 74 years) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (18 - 35 years) | 2.60 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Male) | 57.51 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Female) | 42.49 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (36 - 49 years) | 19.65 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (65 - 74 years) | 24.86 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (75 years and above) | 6.94 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (50 - 64 years) | 45.95 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (36 - 49 years) | 10.72 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (65 - 74 years) | 30.23 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (50 - 64 years) | 30.93 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (18 - 35 years) | 0.88 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Female) | 40.60 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (75 years and above) | 27.24 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Male) | 59.40 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (75 years and above) | 15.63 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (18 - 35 years) | 11.44 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (36 - 49 years) | 19.64 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (50 - 64 years) | 31.65 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Male) | 51.10 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (65 - 74 years) | 21.64 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Female) | 48.90 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Female) | 44.56 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (65 - 74 years) | 25.10 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (50 - 64 years) | 35.36 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (36 - 49 years) | 12.34 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (18 - 35 years) | 2.51 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (75 years and above) | 24.69 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Male) | 55.44 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (75 years and above) | 7.38 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Male) | 44.26 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (18 - 35 years) | 4.10 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Gender (Female) | 55.74 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (65 - 74 years) | 25.41 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (50 - 64 years) | 45.90 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Demographics) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Age (36 - 49 years) | 17.21 Percentage of Participants |
Secondary
Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label
Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label is presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients older than 18 years with unspecified DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 91.05 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 17.01 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 93.23 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 16.89 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 78.52 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 25.2 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 89.36 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 20.99 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 82.31 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 25.09 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 85.57 Milliliters per minute (ml/min) | Standard Deviation 21.19 |
Secondary
Baseline Characteristics (as Measured b Yglycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label
Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label is presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients older than 18 years with unspecified DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured b Yglycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 79.69 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 13.79 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured b Yglycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 82.17 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 18.45 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured b Yglycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 74.70 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 17.55 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured b Yglycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 72.29 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 23.94 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured b Yglycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 79.21 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 23.55 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured b Yglycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 83.23 Millimole per mole (mmol/mol) | Standard Deviation 19.86 |
Secondary
Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label
Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by laboratory tests) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label are presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients older than 18 years with unspecified DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TC | 3.96 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.93 |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | HDL | 1.16 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.39 |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | LDL | 2.08 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TG | 1.84 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.17 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | LDL | 2.24 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | HDL | 1.14 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.32 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TC | 4.33 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TG | 2.38 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TG | 2.15 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.47 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | LDL | 2.15 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | HDL | 1.17 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.31 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TC | 4.25 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.18 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TC | 4.95 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.29 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TG | 2.43 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 2.34 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | HDL | 1.22 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.39 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | LDL | 2.73 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | LDL | 2.27 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TG | 2.27 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | HDL | 1.19 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.31 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TC | 4.49 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.24 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | HDL | 1.15 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.35 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | LDL | 2.09 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 0.98 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TG | 2.38 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Laboratory Tests) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | TC | 4.40 Millimole per liter (mmol/L) | Standard Deviation 1.17 |
Secondary
Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label
Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by life style factors (blood pressure)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label is presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients older than 18 years with unspecified DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | SBP | 131.43 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 12.79 |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | DBP | 75.43 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 5.24 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | SBP | 133.94 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 15.97 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | DBP | 76.85 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 9.93 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | SBP | 134.41 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 16.19 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | DBP | 75.42 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 9.66 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | SBP | 134.95 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 16.96 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | DBP | 78.74 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 11.02 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | SBP | 130.86 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 14.86 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | DBP | 75.89 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 10 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | SBP | 133.18 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 14.58 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Blood Pressure)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | DBP | 75.97 Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Standard Deviation 10.2 |
Secondary
Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label
Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by life style factors (BMI)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label is presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients older than 18 years with unspecified DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 33.29 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 5.77 |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 34.71 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 6.66 |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 31.73 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 6.4 |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 32.40 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 7.21 |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 30.81 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 6.49 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (BMI)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | 36.50 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2) | Standard Deviation 6.43 |
Secondary
Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label
Baseline characteristics of patients (as measured by life style factors (smoking and alcohol use)) who initiated index prescriptions (empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists)) off-label are presented. Use of empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs in other types of diabetes (other than T2DM) or without diabetes or in people younger than 18 years old or in women during pregnancy or during breastfeeding is considered as off-label. As per CPRD guideline, no cell that contains \<5 events should be reported to protect patient confidentiality. Since empagliflozin group reported \<5 events for all off-label categories except for unspecified DM therefore baseline characteristics are presented for only unspecified DM category. NA= NR (Not Reported) (variables for which patient counts were \<5)
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients older than 18 years with unspecified DM who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 64.29 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (non-smoker) | 42.86 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 35.71 Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (smoker) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | 3.47 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 21.68 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (non-smoker) | 32.37 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 12.14 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (smoker) | 23.99 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 43.64 Percentage of Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 62.72 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 17.05 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | 5.27 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (non-smoker) | 31.81 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 51.85 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (smoker) | 16.34 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 62.21 Percentage of Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 15.47 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (smoker) | 22.21 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 42.23 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | 7.72 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 64.25 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (non-smoker) | 35.46 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 13.16 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 14.87 Percentage of Participants |
| Metformin | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 43.51 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 17.36 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | 7.32 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 15.48 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 59.83 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (smoker) | 22.59 Percentage of Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (non-smoker) | 33.89 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (Unknown) | 5.74 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (smoker) | 13.93 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (non-smoker) | 37.70 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (ex-smoker) | 48.36 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Smoking (Unknown) | NA Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (drinker) | 58.20 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (non-drinker) | 13.11 Percentage of Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Baseline Characteristics (as Measured by Life Style Factors (Smoking and Alcohol Use)) of Patients Starting Index Prescriptions Off-label | Alcohol consumption (ex-drinker) | 22.95 Percentage of Participants |
Secondary
Extent of Off-label Use
To assess off-label use the number of study participants without a recorded diagnosis of T2DM was calculated for each exposure category (people with other types of diabetes, people without diabetes, people younger than 18 years old, and women during pregnancy and breastfeeding). For the assessment of drug use during the pregnancy and breastfeeding period, the look-back period was 270 days (9 months) before and including the index date. To assess the use in pediatric population, the study participants were stratified by age into adults (≥18 years of age) and pediatrics (\<18 years of age).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: All patients (without any age restriction), with or without a recorded diagnosis of diabetes, who initiated treatment with empagliflozin, other SGLT-2i, or other commonly used non-insulin GLDs (comprising DPP-4i, metformin, SU and GLP-1 agonists) between 01 August 2014 and 01 September 2015 were included.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empagliflozin | Extent of Off-label Use | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) | 1 Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Extent of Off-label Use | Unspecified DM | 14 Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Extent of Off-label Use | Younger than 18 years with T2DM | 0 Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Extent of Off-label Use | Mixed codes of DM | 4 Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Extent of Off-label Use | Without any diabetes mellitus (DM) code | 0 Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Extent of Off-label Use | Gestational diabetes, pregnancy, or breastfeeding | 0 Participants |
| Empagliflozin | Extent of Off-label Use | Other diabetes | 0 Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Extent of Off-label Use | Unspecified DM | 345 Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Extent of Off-label Use | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) | 45 Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Extent of Off-label Use | Other diabetes | 2 Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Extent of Off-label Use | Gestational diabetes, pregnancy, or breastfeeding | 4 Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Extent of Off-label Use | Younger than 18 years with T2DM | 0 Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Extent of Off-label Use | Without any diabetes mellitus (DM) code | 3 Participants |
| Other SGLT-2i | Extent of Off-label Use | Mixed codes of DM | 120 Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Extent of Off-label Use | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) | 21 Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Extent of Off-label Use | Gestational diabetes, pregnancy, or breastfeeding | 2 Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Extent of Off-label Use | Without any diabetes mellitus (DM) code | 13 Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Extent of Off-label Use | Unspecified DM | 569 Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Extent of Off-label Use | Other diabetes | 3 Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Extent of Off-label Use | Mixed codes of DM | 192 Participants |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) | Extent of Off-label Use | Younger than 18 years with T2DM | 0 Participants |
| Metformin | Extent of Off-label Use | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) | 159 Participants |
| Metformin | Extent of Off-label Use | Gestational diabetes, pregnancy, or breastfeeding | 581 Participants |
| Metformin | Extent of Off-label Use | Mixed codes of DM | 218 Participants |
| Metformin | Extent of Off-label Use | Unspecified DM | 1054 Participants |
| Metformin | Extent of Off-label Use | Without any diabetes mellitus (DM) code | 1601 Participants |
| Metformin | Extent of Off-label Use | Younger than 18 years with T2DM | 4 Participants |
| Metformin | Extent of Off-label Use | Other diabetes | 20 Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Extent of Off-label Use | Gestational diabetes, pregnancy, or breastfeeding | 8 Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Extent of Off-label Use | Unspecified DM | 478 Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Extent of Off-label Use | Without any diabetes mellitus (DM) code | 136 Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Extent of Off-label Use | Other diabetes | 22 Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Extent of Off-label Use | Younger than 18 years with T2DM | 1 Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Extent of Off-label Use | Mixed codes of DM | 133 Participants |
| Sulfonylureas (SU) | Extent of Off-label Use | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) | 30 Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Extent of Off-label Use | Mixed codes of DM | 62 Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Extent of Off-label Use | Other diabetes | 1 Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Extent of Off-label Use | Younger than 18 years with T2DM | 0 Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Extent of Off-label Use | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) | 10 Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Extent of Off-label Use | Unspecified DM | 122 Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Extent of Off-label Use | Gestational diabetes, pregnancy, or breastfeeding | 0 Participants |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists | Extent of Off-label Use | Without any diabetes mellitus (DM) code | 1 Participants |