Physiological Satiation Mechanisms
Conditions
Brief summary
Xylitol and erythritol have become increasingly popular as sugar substitutes in the food industry. Both substances are freely available. While glucose ingestion stimulates satiation hormone secretion in the gut and slows down gastric emptying, artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, sucralose and acesulfame-K have no such effect. However, acute intake of 50g xylitol or 75g erythritol in 300mL tap water leads to a marked increase in the satiation hormones and induces a significant retardation in gastric emptying. The concentrations used to Show this effect were rather high (50g xylitol and 75g erythritol) and led to bloating and diarrhea in 60-70% of all subjects two hours after administration. The aim of the present study is to find an effective concentration of xylitol and erythritol still stimulating satiation hormone release without any gastrointestinal adverse events.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTXylitol 7g
Xylitol 7g in 300mL tap water
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTErythritol 10g
Erythritol 10g in 300mL tap water
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTXylitol 17g
Xylitol 17g in 300mL tap water
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTXylitol 35g
Xylitol 35g in 300mL tap water
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTErythritol 25g
Erythritol 25g in 300mL tap water
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTErythritol 50g
Erythritol 50g in 300mL tap water
Sponsors
University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
Parallel assignment
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy normal weight subjects with a body-mass index of 19.0-24.9 * Normal eating habits (no diets; no dietary changes; no special dietary habits, such as vegetarian/vegan) * Age 18-40 years * Stable body weight for at least three months * Informed Consent as documented by signature
Exclusion criteria
* Pre-existing consumption of xylitol or erythritol on a regular basis (usage of xylitol or erythritol as sugar replacement; xylitol or erythritol containing toothpaste is allowed) * Regular intake of medications (except for oral contraceptives) * Evidence of relevant cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, metabolic, endocrinological, neurological, psychiatric or other diseases at screening * Clinically relevant abnormalities in haematological laboratory parameters * Food allergies, food intolerance * Pregnancy * Participation in another study with investigational drug within the 30 days preceding and during the present study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Acute effect on cholecystokinin ( CCK) release | changes from baseline to three hours after treatment | effect on CCK release measured by a commercially available ELISA kit (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Acute effects on gastric emptying | changes from baseline to three hours after treatment | Acute effects on gastric emptying measured by 13C-sodium-acetate breath test |
| Acute effects on subjective feelings of hunger and satiety | changes from baseline to three hours after treatment | Acute effects on subjective feelings of hunger and satiety measured by visual analogue scales |
Countries
Switzerland
Outcome results
None listed