Chronic Pain
Conditions
Keywords
yoga, chronic pain, occupational therapy, self-management
Brief summary
This was a randomized control trial of a yoga and self-management intervention for individuals with chronic pain. Participants were assigned to either a wait-list control group (self-management only), or a yoga intervention (self-management and yoga). Self-management education session occurred monthly within the community. Group yoga intervention was delivered two times a week with a specifically designed program that was progressively more difficult. Assessments were then administered pre and post intervention, and a semi-structured interview was completed following the intervention. Quantitative and qualitative data were then compared between groups.
Detailed description
This was a randomized control trial completed with two specific aims. Aim 1: To assess the feasibility of completing a group yoga intervention in conjunction with an ongoing self-management education for people with chronic pain. Aim 2: To explore the preliminary efficacy of a group yoga intervention in people with chronic pain. The key variables of interest were pain interference, functional performance, balance, strength, mobility, and quality of life (QoL)
Interventions
OTHERYoga
The yoga intervention group addressed pain as a primary variable and balance as a secondary variable and how to best manage these symptoms in the clinic and community. Yoga was delivered in sitting, standing, and floor postures
OTHERSelf-management
The self-management education group was provide once a month through University of Colorado Health Fort Collins Family Medicine Residency Program Pain Management Clinic. The program consisted of lifestyle variations, accountability, modifications, and strategies to management pain in daily life.
Sponsors
Colorado State University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* greater than 18 years of age * Individual with self-reported pain for over six months * attending outpatient pain clinic * ability to attend yoga classes * ability to complete assessments * ability to provide informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* consistent yoga practice over the past year * self-reported exercise restrictions * serious and recent medical procedures or conditions without doctor's note * high risk pregnancy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Brief Pain Inventory--Short Form | 8 weeks | The Brief Pain Inventory (Short Form) is a 9 item self-report questionnaire designed to assess general pain. Minimum 0 - Maximum 10 (higher score is indicated worse severity and interference with everyday life). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment completed - all completed at a pain clinic
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Yoga Arm Yoga administered twice a week for 8 weeks. Self-management education sessions administered once a month through the University of Colorado Health Fort Collins Family Medicine Residency Program Pain Management Clinic (Pain Clinic). Yoga interventions were administered twice a week at the Pain Clinic.
Yoga: The yoga intervention group addressed pain as a primary variable and balance as a secondary variable and how to best manage these symptoms in the clinic and community.
Yoga was delivered in sitting, standing, and floor postures
Self-management: The self-management education group was provide once a month through University of Colorado Health Fort Collins Family Medicine Residency Program Pain Management Clinic. The program consisted of lifestyle variations, accountability, modifications, and strategies to management pain in daily life. | 28 |
| Wait-list Control Arm Participants received only self-management intervention, which is provided once a month through the University of Colorado Health Fort Collins Family Medicine Residency Program Pain Management Clinic.
Self-management: The self-management education group was provide once a month through University of Colorado Health Fort Collins Family Medicine Residency Program Pain Management Clinic. The program consisted of lifestyle variations, accountability, modifications, and strategies to management pain in daily life. | 39 |
| Total | 67 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Yoga Arm | Wait-list Control Arm | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 53.04 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.6 | 49.15 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.82 | 50.78 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.43 |
| Brief Pain Inventory | 7.05 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.22 | 6.39 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.53 | 6.72 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.37 |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 28 Participants | 39 Participants | 67 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 19 Participants | 27 Participants | 46 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 9 Participants | 12 Participants | 21 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 28 | 0 / 39 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 28 | 0 / 39 |
Outcome results
Primary
Brief Pain Inventory--Short Form
The Brief Pain Inventory (Short Form) is a 9 item self-report questionnaire designed to assess general pain. Minimum 0 - Maximum 10 (higher score is indicated worse severity and interference with everyday life).
Time frame: 8 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga Arm | Brief Pain Inventory--Short Form | 7.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.22 |
| Wait-list Control Arm | Brief Pain Inventory--Short Form | 6.39 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.53 |